1Department of Pathology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
2Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
3Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
4Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
5Department of Pathology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
6Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
7Department of Pathology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
8Department of Pathology, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
9Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
10Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
© 2021 The Korean Society of Pathologists/The Korean Society for Cytopathology
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Ethics Statement
Not applicable.
Availability of Data and Material
Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the study.
Code Availability
Not applicable.
Author Contributions
Conceptualization: GKL, YLC, SC. Data curation: SC. Formal analysis: SC. Investigation: SC, HSS, TJK, YLC, WSK, DHS, LK, HSP. Methodology: SC, HSS, TJK. Project administration: SC. Supervision: CHL, YLC. Writing— original draft preparation: SC. Writing—review & editing: HSS, WSK, CHL. Approval of final manuscript: all authors.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no potential conflicts of interest.
Funding Statement
This research was supported by a 2-year research grant from Pusan National University.
EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; ALK, anaplastic lymphoma kinase; ROS1, ros proto-oncogene 1 receptor tyrosine kinase; BRAF, serine/threonineprotein kinase B-raf; NTRK, neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase; MET, mesenchymal epithelial transition; RET, rearranged during transfection; HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; KRAS, kirsten rat sarcoma virus.
Gene | Alteration | Method | Approved drug |
---|---|---|---|
EGFR | Mutation (Ex21L858R, Ex19del, Ex18, Ex20) | RT-PCR, NGS (approved commercial test: PANAMutyper R EGFRa, Cobas EGFR Mutation Test v2a, GenesWell ddEGFR Mutation Test, Oncomine Dx Target Testb) | Afatinib, erlotinib, gefitinib, osimertinib |
ALK | Fusion | Immunohistochemistry, FISH, NGS (approved commercial test: Vysis ALK Break Apart FISH, ALK D5F3 CDx) | Alectinib, brigatinib, ceritinib, crizotinib |
ROS1 | Fusion | Immunohistochemistryc, FISH, RT-PCR, NGS (approved commercial test: AmoyDx ROS1 Gene Fusions Detection Kit, ROS1 SP384 Assayc, Oncomine Dx Target Testb) | Crizotinib |
BRAF | V600E mutation | RT-PCR, NGS (approved commercial test: PNAClamp BRAF Mutation Detection kitb, Oncomine Dx Target Testb) | Dabrafenib+trametinib |
NTRK | Fusion | Immunohistochemistryc, NGS (approved commercial test: pan-TRK EPR17341 Assayc) | Larotrectinibd, Entrectinibd |
MET | Exon 14 skipping mutation | NGS | Crizotinibe, capmatinibf, tepotinibf |
RET | Fusion, mutations | NGS | Selpercatinibf |
HER2 | Mutation (Ex20ins) | NGS | Trastuzumabe |
TMB | NGS (approved commercial test: FoundationOne CDxf) | Pembrolizumabf |
EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; RT-PCR, real time polymerase chain reaction; NGS, next generation sequencing; ALK, anaplastic lymphoma kinase; FISH, fluorescent in situ hybridization; ROS1, ros proto-oncogene 1 receptor tyrosine kinase; BRAF, serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf; NTRK, neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase; MET, mesenchymal epithelial transition; RET, rearranged during transfection; HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2.
a Approved for tissue and plasma;
b Approved as new health technology;
c For screening;
d Non-reimbursement approval;
e Approval of non-reimbursement use of drugs exceeding the scope of product approval;
f Not approved in Korea (as of March 17, 2021).