A case of acute leukemia with prominent erythroleukophagocytosis in a 7-year-old boy is reported. The case was confirmed as acute monocytic leukemia by cytochemical tests including alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase with and without NaF inhibition, immunological marker studies and hemopoietic stem cell culture. Approximately one per cent of leukemic blast forms showed an erythroleukophagocytosis.