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Case Study
A rare goblet cell adenocarcinoma arising from Barrett’s esophagus: the first reported case in the esophagus
Chi Eun Oh, Sung Eun Kim, Sun-Ju Oh
J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(2):81-86.   Published online January 8, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.12.26
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Goblet cell adenocarcinoma (GCA) is a rare and distinctive amphicrine tumor comprised of goblet-like mucinous cells and neuroendocrine cells. It is believed to originate from pluripotent stem cells located at the base of crypts. GCA predominantly arises from the appendix, with a few reported cases in extra-appendiceal locations such as the colorectum, small intestine, and stomach. In this case report, we present a unique instance of a 64-year-old male who initially received a diagnosis of neuroendocrine carcinoma in the distal esophagus based on biopsy but, following resection, was subsequently re-diagnosed with GCA arising from Barrett’s esophagus.
Original Articles
Usefulness of BRAF VE1 immunohistochemistry in non–small cell lung cancers: a multi-institutional study by 15 pathologists in Korea
Sunhee Chang, Yoon-La Choi, Hyo Sup Shim, Geon Kook Lee, Seung Yeon Ha
J Pathol Transl Med. 2022;56(6):334-341.   Published online October 27, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.08.22
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is an approved test to select patients for BRAF V600E targeted therapy in Korea. However, the high cost, long turnaround times, and the need for sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel limit the use of NGS in daily practice. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a rapid and relatively inexpensive assay available in most laboratories. Therefore, in this study, we evaluate the usefulness of BRAF VE1 IHC in terms of predictive value and interobserver agreement in non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs).
Methods
A total of 30 cases with known BRAF mutation status were selected, including 20 cases of lung adenocarcinomas, six cases of colorectal adenocarcinomas, and four cases of papillary thyroid carcinomas. IHC for BRAF V600E was carried out using the VE1 antibody. Fifteen pathologists independently scored both the staining intensity and the percentage of tumor cell staining on whole slide images.
Results
In the lung adenocarcinoma subset, interobserver agreement for the percentage of tumor cell staining and staining intensity was good (percentage of tumor cell staining, intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.869; staining intensity, kappa = 0.849). The interobserver agreement for the interpretation using the cutoff of 40% was almost perfect in the entire study group and the lung adenocarcinoma subset (kappa = 0.815). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of BRAF VE1 IHC were 80.0%, 90.0%, 88.9%, and 81.8%, respectively.
Conclusions
BRAF VE1 IHC could be a screening test for the detection of BRAF V600E mutation in NSCLC. However, further studies are needed to optimize the protocol and to establish and validate interpretation criteria for BRAF VE1 IHC.

Citations

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  • Dedifferentiated Leiomyosarcoma of the Uterine Corpus with Heterologous Component: Clinicopathological Analysis of Five Consecutive Cases from a Single Institution and Comprehensive Literature Review
    Suyeon Kim, Hyunsik Bae, Hyun-Soo Kim
    Diagnostics.2024; 14(2): 160.     CrossRef
  • Differentiating BRAF V600E- and RAS-like alterations in encapsulated follicular patterned tumors through histologic features: a validation study
    Chankyung Kim, Shipra Agarwal, Andrey Bychkov, Jen-Fan Hang, Agnes Stephanie Harahap, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Kennichi Kakudo, Somboon Keelawat, Chih-Yi Liu, Zhiyan Liu, Truong Phan-Xuan Nguyen, Chanchal Rana, Huy Gia Vuong, Yun Zhu, Chan Kwon Jung
    Virchows Archiv.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • BRAF V600E Mutation of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Korean Patients
    Hyo Yeong Ahn, Chang Hun Lee, Min Ki Lee, Jung Seop Eom, Yeon Joo Jeong, Yeong Dae Kim, Jeong Su Cho, Jonggeun Lee, So Jeong Lee, Dong Hoon Shin, Ahrong Kim
    Medicina.2023; 59(6): 1085.     CrossRef
  • Reevaluating diagnostic categories and associated malignancy risks in thyroid core needle biopsy
    Chan Kwon Jung
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2023; 57(4): 208.     CrossRef
Cytopathologic features of human papillomavirus–independent, gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma
Min-Kyung Yeo, Go Eun Bae, Dong-Hyun Kim, In-Ock Seong, Kwang-Sun Suh
J Pathol Transl Med. 2022;56(5):260-269.   Published online September 13, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.07.05
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma (GEA) is unrelated to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and is clinically aggressive compared with HPV-associated usual-type endocervical adenocarcinoma (UEA). The cytological diagnosis falls short of a definitive diagnosis of GEA and is often categorized as atypical glandular cells (AGCs). To improve cytologic recognition, cytological findings of HPV-independent GEA were analyzed and the results compared with HPV-associated UEA.
Methods
Cervical Papanicolaou (Pap) smears from eight patients with a histopathologic diagnosis of GEA and 12 control cases of UEA were reviewed. All slides were conventionally prepared and/or liquid-based prepared (ThinPrep) and stained following the Pap method. A mucinous background, architectural, nuclear, and cytoplasmic features were analyzed and compared with UEA.
Results
Preoperative cytologic diagnoses of the eight GEA cases were AGCs, favor neoplastic in three cases, adenocarcinoma in situ in one case, and adenocarcinoma in four cases. Cytologically, monolayered honeycomb-like sheets (p = .002) of atypical endocervical cells with vacuolar granular cytoplasm (p = .001) were extensive in GEA, and three-dimensional clusters (p = .010) were extensive in UEA. Although the differences were not statistically significant, background mucin (p = .058), vesicular nuclei (p = .057), and golden-brown intracytoplasmic mucin (p = .089) were also discriminatory findings for GEA versus UEA.
Conclusions
Although GEA is difficult to diagnose on cytologic screening, GEA can be recognized based on cytologic features of monolayered honeycomb sheets of atypical endocervical cells with abundant vacuolar cytoplasm and some golden-brown intracytoplasmic mucin. UEA cases are characterized by three-dimensional clusters.

Citations

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  • Risk Factors Affecting Clinical Outcomes of Low-risk Early-stage Human Papillomavirus–Associated Endocervical Adenocarcinoma Treated by Surgery Alone: Application of Silva Pattern
    Bong Kyung Bae, Hyunsik Bae, Won Kyung Cho, Byoung-Gie Kim, Chel Hun Choi, Tae-Joong Kim, Yoo-Young Lee, Jeong-Won Lee, Hyun-Soo Kim, Won Park
    International Journal of Gynecological Pathology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
Landscape of EGFR mutations in lung adenocarcinoma: a single institute experience with comparison of PANAMutyper testing and targeted next-generation sequencing
Jeonghyo Lee, Yeon Bi Han, Hyun Jung Kwon, Song Kook Lee, Hyojin Kim, Jin-Haeng Chung
J Pathol Transl Med. 2022;56(5):249-259.   Published online September 13, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.06.11
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
Activating mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are predictive biomarkers for response to EGFR–tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Here, we characterized the clinicopathologic features associated with EGFR mutations via peptide nucleic acid clamping-assisted fluorescence melting curve analysis (PANAMutyper) and evaluated the feasibility of targeted deep sequencing for detecting the mutations.
Methods
We examined EGFR mutations in exons 18 through 21 for 2,088 LUADs from July 2017 to April 2020 using PANAMutyper. Of these, we performed targeted deep sequencing in 73 patients and evaluated EGFR-mutation status and TKI clinical response.
Results
EGFR mutation was identified in 55.7% of LUADs by PANAMutyper, with mutation rates higher in females (69.3%) and never smokers (67.1%) and highest in the age range of 50 to 59 years (64.9%). For the 73 patients evaluated using both methods, next-generation sequencing (NGS) identified EGFR mutation–positive results in 14 of 61 patients (23.0%) who were EGFR-negative according to PANAMutyper testing. Of the 10 patients reportedly harboring a sensitizing mutation according to NGS, seven received TKI treatment, with all showing partial response or stable disease. In the 12 PANAMutyper-positive cases, NGS identified two additional mutations in exon 18, whereas a discordant negative result was observed in two cases.
Conclusions
Although PANAMutyper identified high frequencies of EGFR mutations, targeted deep sequencing revealed additional uncommon EGFR mutations. These findings suggested that appropriate use of NGS may benefit LUAD patients with otherwise negative screening test results.
Case Study
Colorectal adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation: diagnostic challenges of a rare case encountered in clinical practice
Evi Abada, Ifeoma C. Anaya, Othuke Abada, Anthony Lebbos, Rafic Beydoun
J Pathol Transl Med. 2022;56(2):97-102.   Published online January 21, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2021.10.28
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Colorectal adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation (CAED) is a rare subtype of colonic adenocarcinoma characterized by increased α-fetoprotein (AFP) production and the expression of at least one enteroblastic marker including AFP, glypican 3 (GPC3), or Spalt like transcription factor 4 (SALL4). We report a case of a 26-year-old female who presented with low back pain and constipation which persisted despite supportive measures. Imaging revealed multiple liver lesions and enlarged retroperitoneal nodes. Tumor markers including AFP were markedly elevated. On biopsy, samples from the liver revealed infiltrating glands lined by columnar-type epithelium with mostly eosinophilic granular to focally clear cytoplasm. By immunohistochemistry, the tumor showed immunoreactivity with AFP, hepatocyte antigen, GPC3, SALL4, CDX2, SATB2, and cytokeratin 20. A colonoscopy performed subsequently revealed a mass in the sigmoid colon and biopsy of this mass revealed a similar histology as that seen in the liver. A diagnosis of CAED was made, following the results of gene expression profiling by the tumor with next-generation sequencing which identified pathogenic variants in MUTYH, TP53, and KDM6A genes and therefore supported its colonic origin. Cases such as this underscores the use of ancillary diagnostic techniques in arriving at the correct diagnosis in lesions with overlapping clinicopathologic characteristics.

Citations

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  • Ureteral Metastasis of Colonic Adenocarcinoma with Enteroblastic Differentiation: A Rare Case to be Distinguished from Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Urinary Tract
    Hiroshi Minato, Akane Yoshikawa, Sho Tsuyama, Kazuyoshi Katayanagi, Kengo Hayashi, Yusuke Sakimura, Hiroyuki Bando, Tomohiro Hori, Yosuke Kito
    International Journal of Surgical Pathology.2023; 31(8): 1553.     CrossRef
  • Beyond liver cancer, more application scenarios for alpha-fetoprotein in clinical practice
    Chenyu Ma, Yuexinzi Jin, Yuhan Wang, Huaguo Xu, Jiexin Zhang
    Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • AIEgens assisted label free DNA supersandwich immunoassay for ultrasensitive α-fetoprotein detection
    Xiaowen Ou, Jingman Dai, Yiting Huang, Xiaoqin Xiong, Zhi Zheng, Xiaoding Lou, Fan Xia
    Giant.2022; 11: 100110.     CrossRef
  • Rectal carcinoma with dual differentiation toward enteroblastic and neuroendocrine features arising in a patient with ulcerative colitis: a case report
    Takako Kihara, Ryuichi Kuwahara, Kurando Kusunoki, Tomohiro Minagawa, Yuki Horio, Motoi Uchino, Hiroki Ikeuchi, Seiichi Hirota
    World Journal of Surgical Oncology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
Original Articles
Extremely well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the stomach: diagnostic pitfalls in endoscopic biopsy
Jongwon Lee, In-Seob Lee, Ji Yong Ahn, Young Soo Park, Jihun Kim
J Pathol Transl Med. 2022;56(2):63-72.   Published online November 16, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2021.10.12
  • 4,338 View
  • 387 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
Extremely well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (EWDA) is a deceptively bland-looking adenocarcinoma of the stomach. It often causes diagnostic problems, especially in endoscopic biopsy samples. To better recognize this deceptively bland lesion, we carefully reviewed a series of EWDAs treated at our institution.
Methods
A total of 55 specimens from 19 patients were obtained. Endoscopic, gross and microscopic features defining EWDA were described and documented. For comparison, hyperplastic polyp specimens were randomly selected and analyzed.
Results
Most cases (18 of 19, 94.7%) were advanced gastric cancer (AGC) and primarily located in the body of the stomach (15 of 19, 79.0%). The majority of AGCs were non-ulcerated (11 of 18, 61.1%) with an undermining growth pattern and a relatively small mucosal involvement. Specific histologic features included an irregular glandular shape, an undulating apical cytoplasmic border, disproportionately large glands, a variably distended mucinous cytoplasm. Classical features, such as small infiltrating glands or desmoplastic reactions, were barely observed. Identification of irregularly spaced nuclei and disruption of the foveolar epithelial structure, along with atypical features described above were helpful in making a diagnosis especially in gastric forceps biopsies.
Conclusions
Awareness of the histomorphologic characteristics described in this report would lead to timely diagnosis and prevent repeated endoscopic procedures.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Unusual or Uncommon Histology of Gastric Cancer
    Jinho Shin, Young Soo Park
    Journal of Gastric Cancer.2024; 24(1): 69.     CrossRef
  • A case of gastric adenocarcinoma with pyloric gland-type infiltrating submucosa
    Kaiho Hirata, Shusuke Yagi, Hideki Miyazaki, Kazuhiko Yamada, Naoki Akazawa, Naoki Enomoto, Kyoko Nohara, Chizu Yokoi, Toru Igari, Norihiro Kokudo
    Surgical Case Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
Correlation of TTF-1 immunoexpression and EGFR mutation spectrum in non–small cell lung carcinoma
Tripti Nakra, Varsha Singh, Aruna Nambirajan, Prabhat Singh Malik, Anant Mohan, Deepali Jain
J Pathol Transl Med. 2021;55(4):279-288.   Published online July 8, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2021.05.10
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Thyroid transcription factor (TTF-1) is a diagnostic marker expressed in 75%–85% of primary lung adenocarcinomas (ACs). Activating mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene is the most common targetable driver alteration in lung AC. Previous studies have shown a positive correlation between TTF-1 and EGFR mutation status. We aimed to determine the predictive value of TTF-1 immunoexpression for underlying EGFR mutation status in a large Indian cohort.
Methods
This retrospective designed study was conducted with medical record data from 2011 to 2020. All cases of primary lung AC and non–small cell lung carcinoma not otherwise specified (NSCLC, NOS) with known TTF-1 expression diagnosed by immunohistochemistry using 8G7G3/1 antibodies and EGFR mutation status diagnosed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction were retrieved, reviewed, and the
results
were analyzed. Results: Among 909 patient samples diagnosed as lung AC and NSCLC, NOS, TTF-1 was positive in 76.8% cases (698/909) and EGFR mutations were detected in 29.6% (269/909). A strong positive correlation was present between TTF-1 positivity and EGFR mutation status (odds ratio, 3.61; p < .001), with TTF-1 positivity showing high sensitivity (90%) and negative predictive value (87%) for EGFR mutation. TTF-1 immunoexpression did not show significant correlation with uncommon/dual EGFR mutations (odds ratio, 1.69; p = .098). EGFR–tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy was significantly superior to chemotherapy among EGFR mutant cases irrespective of TTF-1 status; however, no significant differences among survival outcomes were observed.
Conclusions
Our study confirms a strong positive correlation between TTF-1 expression and common EGFR mutations (exon 19 deletion and exon 21 L858R) in advanced lung AC with significantly high negative predictive value of TTF-1 for EGFR mutations.

Citations

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  • Mutation profile and programmed death ligand 1 status of patients with non‐small cell lung cancer diagnosed with “adenocarcinoma” and “non‐small cell carcinoma favor adenocarcinoma”
    Naoko Shigeta, Tomoyuki Yokose, Shuji Murakami, Tetsuya Isaka, Kanako Shinada, Emi Yoshioka, Atsuya Narita, Kengo Katakura, Tetsuro Kondo, Terufumi Kato, Takuya Nagashima, Haruhiro Saito, Hiroyuki Ito
    Thoracic Cancer.2024; 15(6): 458.     CrossRef
  • Expression landscapes in non-small cell lung cancer shaped by the thyroid transcription factor 1
    Herdee Gloriane C. Luna, Marcelo Severino Imasa, Necy Juat, Katherine V. Hernandez, Treah May Sayo, Gloria Cristal-Luna, Sheena Marie Asur-Galang, Mirasol Bellengan, Kent John Duga, Bien Brian Buenaobra, Marvin I. De los Santos, Daniel Medina, Jamirah Sam
    Lung Cancer.2023; 176: 121.     CrossRef
  • Malignant pleural effusion cell blocks are reliable resources for PD-L1 analysis in advanced lung adenocarcinomas: a concordance study with matched histologic samples
    Swati Mahajan, Aruna Nambirajan, Ishan Gupta, Nalini Gupta, Parikshaa Gupta, Deepali Jain
    Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology.2022; 11(5): 253.     CrossRef
  • Clinicopathologic Features and Molecular Biomarkers as Predictors of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene Mutation in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
    Lanlan Liu, Xianzhi Xiong
    Current Oncology.2021; 29(1): 77.     CrossRef
SMARCA4/BRG1 protein-deficient thoracic tumors dictate re-examination of small biopsy reporting in non–small cell lung cancer
Anurag Mehta, Divya Bansal, Rupal Tripathi, Ankush Jajodia
J Pathol Transl Med. 2021;55(5):307-316.   Published online June 21, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2021.05.11
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
SMARCA4/BRG1 protein–deficient lung adenocarcinomas and thoracic sarcoma are recently described entities that lack distinctive histological features, transcription termination factor 1 (TTF1) reactivity, and actionable driver mutations. The current diagnostic path for small lung biopsies as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2015) is likely to categorize these as non– small cell carcinoma–not otherwise specified (NSCC-NOS). The present study attempts to define the subtle but distinctive clinicopathologic features of SMARCA4/BRG1 protein-deficient thoracic tumors; highlight their unique biology; and addresses the unmet need to segregate these using a new, tissue-proficient diagnostic pathway.
Methods
All lung biopsies and those from metastatic sites in patients with suspected advanced lung cancer and classified as NSCC-NOS as per WHO (2015) guidelines were subjected to BRG1 testing by immunohistochemistry. SMARCA4/BRG1 protein–deficient thoracic tumors were evaluated by an extended immunohistochemistry panel. Predictive biomarker and programmed death–ligand 1 testing was conducted in all cases.
Results
Of 110 cases, nine were found to be SMARCA4/BRG1 protein-deficient; six were identified as SMARCA4/BRG1 protein–deficient lung adenocarcinomas, and three were SMARCA4/BRG1 protein-deficient thoracic sarcomas. The histology ranged from poorly differentiated to undifferentiated to rhabdoid. None of the cases showed significant expression of TTF1 or p40, and no actionable mutation was identified.
Conclusions
It is difficult to separate BRG1-deficient lung adenocarcinomas and thoracic sarcomas based on morphology alone. We propose a diagnostic pathway for small biopsies of thoracic tumors to segregate these distinct entities so that they can be studied more efficaciously for new biomarkers and therapeutic options.

Citations

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  • Case report: The first account of undifferentiated sarcoma with epithelioid features originating in the pleura
    Ling-Xi Xiao, Li Liu, Wang Deng
    Frontiers in Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Chemotherapy and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in a Case of SMARCA4-dUT: A Case Report and Review of Literature
    Akriti Pokhrel, Ruchi Yadav, Kapil Kumar Manvar, Richard Wu, Vijay Jaswani, Carrie Brooke Wasserman, Jen C. Wang
    Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports.2023; 11: 232470962311762.     CrossRef
  • TTF1-positive SMARCA4/BRG1 deficient lung adenocarcinoma
    Anurag Mehta, Himanshi Diwan, Divya Bansal, Manoj Gupta
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2022; 56(1): 53.     CrossRef
  • Delineation of a SMARCA4-specific competing endogenous RNA network and its function in hepatocellular carcinoma
    Lei Zhang, Ting Sun, Xiao-Ye Wu, Fa-Ming Fei, Zhen-Zhen Gao
    World Journal of Clinical Cases.2022; 10(29): 10501.     CrossRef
  • Artificial intelligence platform, RADR®, aids in the discovery of DNA damaging agent for the ultra-rare cancer Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumors
    Joseph McDermott, Drew Sturtevant, Umesh Kathad, Sudhir Varma, Jianli Zhou, Aditya Kulkarni, Neha Biyani, Caleb Schimke, William C. Reinhold, Fathi Elloumi, Peter Carr, Yves Pommier, Kishor Bhatia
    Frontiers in Drug Discovery.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
Case Study
A case of concomitant EGFR/ALK alteration against a mutated EGFR background in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma
Ki-Chang Lee, Jiwon Koh, Doo Hyun Chung, Yoon Kyung Jeon
J Pathol Transl Med. 2021;55(2):139-144.   Published online January 22, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2020.12.16
  • 2,706 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Rare cases of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) with concomitant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translocation have been reported. However, their clonal and evolutional relationship remains unclear. We report a case of early-stage EGFR-mutated LUAD with a focal concomitant EGFR/ALK alteration. A 63-year-old male underwent lobectomy to remove a 1.9-cm-sized lung nodule, which was diagnosed with EGFR-mutated LUAD. ALK immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed focal positivity within the part of the tumor characterized by lepidic pattern, also confirmed by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH). Targeted next-generation sequencing was performed separately on the ALK IHC/FISH-positive and -negative areas. EGFR L833V/L858R mutations were detected in both areas, whereas EML4 (echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4)-ALK translocations was confirmed only in the ALK IHC/FISH-positive area, suggesting the divergence of an EGFR/ALK co-altered subclone from the original EGFR-mutant clone. Our study suggests that concurrent alterations of EGFR and ALK can arise via divergent tumor evolution, even in the relatively early phases of tumorigenesis.

Citations

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  • Identification and validation of molecular subtype and prognostic signature for lung adenocarcinoma based on neutrophil extracellular traps
    Yanhua Zuo, Guangyi Leng, Ping Leng
    Pathology and Oncology Research.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Machine Learning-Based Integration Develops a Macrophage-Related Index for Predicting Prognosis and Immunotherapy Response in Lung Adenocarcinoma
    Zuwei Li, Minzhang Guo, Wanli Lin, Peiyuan Huang
    Archives of Medical Research.2023; 54(7): 102897.     CrossRef
  • Big data analysis identified a telomere-related signature predicting the prognosis and drug sensitivity in lung adenocarcinoma
    Weiyi Zhang
    Medicine.2023; 102(46): e35526.     CrossRef
Review
Liquid biopsy using extracellular vesicle–derived DNA in lung adenocarcinoma
In Ae Kim, Jae Young Hur, Hee Joung Kim, Seung Eun Lee, Wan Seop Kim, Kye Young Lee
J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(6):453-461.   Published online October 8, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2020.08.13
  • 4,942 View
  • 155 Download
  • 12 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Blood liquid biopsy has emerged as a way of overcoming the clinical limitations of repeat biopsy by testing for the presence of acquired resistance mutations to therapeutic agents. Despite its merits of repeatability and non-invasiveness, this method is currently only used as a supplemental test due to a relatively low sensitivity rate of 50%–60%, and cannot replace tissue biopsy. The circulating tumor DNAs used in blood liquid biopsies are passive products of fragmented DNA with a short half-life released following tumor cell death; the low sensitivity seen with liquid blood biopsy results from this instability, which makes increasing the sensitivity of this test fundamentally difficult. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are ideal carriers of cancer biomarkers, as cancer cells secret an abundance of EVs, and the contents of tumor cell-originated EVs reflect the molecular and genetic composition of parental cells. In addition, EV-derived DNAs (EV DNAs) consist of large-sized genomic DNAs and tumor-specific oncogenic mutant DNAs. For these reasons, liquid biopsy using EV DNA has the potential to overcome issues arising from tissue shortages associated with small biopsies, which are often seen in lung cancer patients, and the biopsy product can be used in other diagnostic methods, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation testing and next-generation sequencing (NGS). A higher sensitivity can be achieved when EV DNAs obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) are used rather than those from blood. BALF, when obtained close to the tumor site, is a promising liquid biopsy tool, as it enables the gathering of both cellular and non-cellular fractions of the tumor microenvironment, and provides increased diagnostic sensitivity when compared to blood.

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    Srijan Goswami, Palas Samanta, Manab Deb Adhikari
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    Irène Tatischeff
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  • Bronchoalveolar Lavage as Potential Diagnostic Specimens to Genetic Testing in Advanced Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer
    Xuwen Lin, Yazhou Cai, Chenyu Zong, Binbin Chen, Di Shao, Hao Cui, Zheng Li, Ping Xu
    Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Zhixian Chen, Judy Wai Ping Yam
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    Jae Young Hur, Kye Young Lee
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Original Articles
Evaluation of human papillomavirus (HPV) prediction using the International Endocervical Adenocarcinoma Criteria and Classification system, compared to p16 immunohistochemistry and HPV RNA in-situ hybridization
Hezhen Ren, Jennifer Pors, Christine Chow, Monica Ta, Simona Stolnicu, Robert Soslow, David Huntsman, Lynn Hoang
J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(6):480-488.   Published online August 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2020.07.18
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
The International Endocervical Adenocarcinoma Criteria and Classification (IECC) separated endocervical adenocarcinomas into human papillomavirus (HPV) associated (HPVA) and non–HPV-associated (NHPVA) categories by morphology alone. Our primary objective was to assess the accuracy of HPV prediction by the IECC system compared to p16 immunohistochemistry and HPV RNA in-situ hybridization (RISH). Our secondary goal was to directly compare p16 and HPV RISH concordance.
Methods
Cases were classified by IECC and stained for p16 and HPV RISH on tissue microarray, with discordant p16/HPV RISH cases re-stained on whole tissue sections. Remaining discordant cases (p16/HPV, IECC/p16, IECC/HPV discordances) were re-reviewed by the original pathologists (n = 3) and external expert pathologists (n = 2) blinded to the p16 and HPV RISH results. Final IECC diagnosis was assigned upon independent agreement between all reviewers.
Results
One hundred and eleven endocervical adenocarcinomas were classified originally into 94 HPVA and 17 NHPVA cases. p16 and HPV RISH was concordant in 108/111 cases (97%) independent of the IECC. HPV RISH and p16 was concordant with IECC in 103/111 (93%) and 106/111 (95%), respectively. After expert review, concordance improved to 107/111 (96%) for HPV RISH. After review of the eight discordant cases, one remained as HPVA, four were reclassified to NHPVA from HPVA, two were unclassifiable, and one possibly represented a mixed usual and gastric-type adenocarcinoma.
Conclusions
p16 and HPV RISH have excellent concordance in endocervical adenocarcinomas, and IECC can predict HPV status in most cases. Focal apical mitoses and apoptotic debris on original review led to the misclassification of several NHPVA as HPVA.

Citations

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    Linghui Lu, Tianqi Liu, Shunni Wang, Jing Li, Feiran Zhang, Yan Ning, Yiqin Wang
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    Simona Stolnicu, Douglas Allison, Aaron M. Praiss, Basile Tessier-Cloutier, Amir Momeni Boroujeni, Jessica Flynn, Alexia Iasonos, Rene Serrette, Lien Hoang, Andrei Patrichi, Cristina Terinte, Anna Pesci, Claudia Mateoiu, Ricardo R. Lastra, Takako Kiyokawa
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  • Testing Algorithms for the Diagnosis of Malignant Glandular Tumors of the Uterine Cervix Histotyped per the International Endocervical Adenocarcinoma Criteria and Classification (IECC) System
    Máire A. Duggan, Qiuli Duan, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, Mary Anne Brett, Sandra Lee, Mustapha Abubakar, Martin Köbel, Monica Rodriguez, Aylin Sar
    Applied Immunohistochemistry & Molecular Morphology.2022; 30(2): 91.     CrossRef
  • Local and Metastatic Relapses in a Young Woman with Papillary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix
    Ha Young Woo, Hyun-Soo Kim
    Diagnostics.2022; 12(3): 599.     CrossRef
  • Clinical correlation of lymphovascular invasion and Silva pattern of invasion in early-stage endocervical adenocarcinoma: proposed binary Silva classification system
    Simona Stolnicu, Lien Hoang, Noorah Almadani, Louise De Brot, Glauco Baiocchi, Graziele Bovolim, Maria Jose Brito, Georgia Karpathiou, Antonio Ieni, Esther Guerra, Takako Kiyokawa, Pavel Dundr, Carlos Parra-Herran, Sofia Lérias, Ana Felix, Andres Roma, An
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  • Reproducibility of Morphologic Parameters of the International Endocervical Adenocarcinoma Criteria and Classification System and Correlation With Clinicopathologic Parameters: A Multi-Institutional Study
    Pinar Bulutay, Nihan Haberal, Özlem Özen, Özlem Erdem, Emine H. Zeren, İbrahim Kulac, Çagatay Taskiran, Dogan Vatansever, Ali Ayhan, Nilgün Kapucuoğlu
    International Journal of Gynecological Pathology.2022; 41(5): 447.     CrossRef
  • HPV-Negative Cervical Cancer: A Narrative Review
    Francesca Arezzo, Gennaro Cormio, Vera Loizzi, Gerardo Cazzato, Viviana Cataldo, Claudio Lombardi, Giuseppe Ingravallo, Leonardo Resta, Ettore Cicinelli
    Diagnostics.2021; 11(6): 952.     CrossRef
  • International Endocervical Adenocarcinoma Criteria and Classification (IECC): An Independent Cohort With Clinical and Molecular Findings
    Hezhen Ren, Noorah Almadani, Jennifer Pors, Samuel Leung, Julie Ho, Christine Chow, Monica Ta, Kay J. Park, Simona Stolnicu, Robert Soslow, David Huntsman, Blake C. Gilks, Lynn Hoang
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Clinicopathologic characteristics of HER2-positive pure mucinous carcinoma of the breast
Yunjeong Jang, Hera Jung, Han-Na Kim, Youjeong Seo, Emad Alsharif, Seok Jin Nam, Seok Won Kim, Jeong Eon Lee, Yeon Hee Park, Eun Yoon Cho, Soo Youn Cho
J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(1):95-102.   Published online November 13, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2019.10.24
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Pure mucinous carcinoma (PMC) is a rare type of breast cancer, estimated to represent 2% of invasive breast cancer. PMC is typically positive for estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) and negative for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). The clinicopathologic characteristics of HER2-positive PMC have not been investigated.
Methods
Pathology archives were searched for PMC diagnosed from January 1999 to April 2018. Clinicopathologic data and microscopic findings were reviewed and compared between HER2-positive PMC and HER2-negative PMC. We also analyzed the differences in disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival according to clinicopathologic parameters including HER2 status in overall PMC cases.
Results
There were 21 HER2-positive cases (4.8%) in 438 PMCs. The average tumor size of HER2-positive PMC was 32.21 mm (± 26.55). Lymph node metastasis was present in seven cases. Compared to HER2-negative PMC, HER2-positive PMC presented with a more advanced T category (p < .001), more frequent lymph node metastasis (p = .009), and a higher nuclear and histologic grade (p < .001). Microscopically, signet ring cells were frequently observed in HER2-positive PMC (p < .001), whereas a micropapillary pattern was more frequent in HER2-negative PMC (p = .012). HER2-positive PMC was more frequently negative for ER (33.3% vs. 1.2%) and PR (28.6% vs. 7.2%) than HER2-negative PMC and showed a high Ki-67 labeling index. During follow-up, distant metastasis and recurrence developed in three HER2-positive PMC patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that only HER2-positivity and lymph node status were significantly associated with DFS.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that HER2-positive PMC is a more aggressive subgroup of PMC. HER2 positivity should be considered for adequate management of PMC.

Citations

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    Yurimi Lee, Kiyong Na, Ha Young Woo, Hyun-Soo Kim
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Expression of female sex hormone receptors and its relation to clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma
Jin Hwan Lee, Han Kyeom Kim, Bong Kyung Shin
J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(1):103-111.   Published online November 13, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2019.10.12
  • 5,288 View
  • 133 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Adenocarcinoma (ADC) of the lung exhibits different clinicopathological characteristics in men and women. Recent studies have suggested that these differences originate from the expression of female sex hormone receptors in tumor cells. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of female sex hormone receptors in lung ADC and determine the expression patterns in patients with different clinicopathological characteristics.
Methods
A total of 84 patients with lung ADC who underwent surgical resection and/or core biopsy were recruited for the present study. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for estrogen receptor α (ERα), estrogen receptor β (ERβ), progesterone receptor (PR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), EGFR E746- A750 del, and EGFR L858R using tissue microarray.
Results
A total of 39 (46.4%) ERα-positive, 71 (84.5%) ERβ-positive, and 46 (54.8%) PR-positive lung ADCs were identified. In addition, there were 81 (96.4%) EGFR-positive, 14 (16.7%) EGFR E746-A750 del–positive, and 34 (40.5%) EGFR L858R–positive cases. The expression of female sex hormone receptors was not significantly different in clinicopathologically different subsets of lung ADC.
Conclusions
Expression of female sex hormone receptors is not associated with the prognosis and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with lung ADC.

Citations

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  • Complex Differential Diagnosis between Primary Breast Cancer and Breast Metastasis from EGFR-Mutated Lung Adenocarcinoma: Case Report and Literature Review
    Carmine Valenza, Francesca Maria Porta, Alessandra Rappa, Elena Guerini-Rocco, Giuseppe Viale, Massimo Barberis, Filippo de Marinis, Giuseppe Curigliano, Chiara Catania
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Case Study
Morule-like features in pulmonary adenocarcinoma associated with epidermal growth factor receptor mutations: two case reports with targeted next-generation sequencing analysis
Yoo Jin Lee, Harim Oh, Eojin Kim, Bokyung Ahn, Jeong Hyeon Lee, Youngseok Lee, Yang Seok Chae, Chul Hwan Kim
J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(1):119-122.   Published online November 1, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2019.09.30
  • 4,310 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Morules, or morule-like features, can be identified in benign and malignant lesions in various organs. Morular features are unusual in pulmonary adenocarcinoma cases with only 26 cases reported to date. Here, we describe two cases of pulmonary adenocarcinoma with morule-like features in Korean women. One patient had a non-mucinous-type adenocarcinoma in situ and the other had an acinarpredominant adenocarcinoma with a micropapillary component. Both patients showed multiple intra-alveolar, nodular, whorled proliferative foci composed of atypical spindle cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm. Targeted next-generation sequencing was performed on DNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of the tumors. Results showed unusual epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, which are associated with drug resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, revealing the importance of identifying morule-like features in pulmonary adenocarcinoma and the need for additional study, since there are few reported cases.

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  • Pulmonary adenocarcinoma in situ with morule - like components: A surgical case report
    Mitsuteru Yosida, Mitsuru Tomita, Naoya Kawakita, Teruki Shimizu, Ryou Yamada, Hiromitsu Takizawa, Hisanori Uehara
    Respiratory Medicine Case Reports.2024; 48: 102008.     CrossRef
  • Clinicopathological, Radiological, and Molecular Features of Primary Lung Adenocarcinoma with Morule-Like Components
    Li-Li Wang, Li Ding, Peng Zhao, Jing-Jing Guan, Xiao-Bin Ji, Xiao-Li Zhou, Shi-Hong Shao, Yu-Wei Zou, Wei-Wei Fu, Dong-Liang Lin, Dong Pan
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Original Article
MicroRNA-374a Expression as a Prognostic Biomarker in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Yeseul Kim, Jongmin Sim, Hyunsung Kim, Seong Sik Bang, Seungyun Jee, Sungeon Park, Kiseok Jang
J Pathol Transl Med. 2019;53(6):354-360.   Published online October 24, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2019.10.01
  • 4,513 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death, and adenocarcinoma is the most common histologic subtype. MicroRNA is a small non-coding RNA that inhibits multiple target gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and is commonly dysregulated in malignant tumors. The purpose of this study was to analyze the expression of microRNA-374a (miR-374a) in lung adenocarcinoma and correlate its expression with various clinicopathological characteristics.
Methods
The expression level of miR-374a was measured in 111 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lung adenocarcinoma tissues using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays. The correlation between miR-374a expression and clinicopathological parameters, including clinical outcome, was further analyzed.
Results
High miR-374 expression was correlated with advanced pT category (chi-square test, p=.004) and pleural invasion (chi-square test, p=.034). Survival analysis revealed that patients with high miR-374a expression had significantly shorter disease-free survival relative to those with low miR-374a expression (log-rank test, p=.032).
Conclusions
miR-374a expression may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for predicting recurrence in early stage lung adenocarcinoma after curative surgery.

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  • Cell-free plasma miRNAs analysis for low invasive lung cancer diagnostics
    M. Yu. Konoshenko, P. P. Laktionov, Yu. A. Lancuhaj, S. V. Pak, S. E. Krasilnikov, O. E. Bryzgunova
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    Jiye Liu, Fei Zhang, Jiahe Wang, Yibing Wang
    Oncology Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Zhanhong Wang, Xiao Zhang, Yanjun Wang, Dailing Xiao
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