As an open access journal, the Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine will follow the Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing https://doaj.org/bestpractice developed by Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA), and the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME).

Table of Contents

• 1. Website
• 2. Name of Journal
• 3. Peer Review Process
• 4. Ownership and Management
• 5. Governing Body
• 6. Editorial Team and Contact Information
• 7. Copyright and Licensing
• 8. Publication Fees
• 9. Process for Identification of and Dealing with Allegations of Research Misconduct
• 10. Publication Ethics
• 11. Policy for Handling Retractions, Withdrawals, and Expressions of Concern
• 12. Publishing Schedule
• 13. Access
• 14. Archiving
• 15. Revenue Sources
• 16. Advertising
• 17. Direct Marketing

1. Website

1) The URL address of the official journal web site

https://www.jpatholtm.org

2) ‘Aims & Scope’ statement (https://www.jpatholtm.org/about/index.php)

The Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine is an open venue for the rapid publication of major achievements in various fields of pathology, cytopathology, and biomedical and translational research. The Journal aims to share new insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of human diseases and to report major advances in both experimental and clinical medicine, with a particular emphasis on translational research. The investigations of human cells and tissues using high-dimensional biology techniques such as genomics and proteomics will be given a high priority. Articles on stem cell biology are also welcome. The categories of manuscript include original articles, review and perspective articles, case studies, brief case reports, and letters to the editor.

Area of specific interest include the following :

• -Data mining
• -Identification of biomarkers
• -Translational and clinical investigations
• -Molecular pathology
• -Technical advances with diagnostic and prognostic applications
• -Contemporary issues pertinent to diagnostic accuracy
• -Cytopathology
• -Diagnostic pathology
• -Experimental pathology
• -Education
• -Artificial intelligence
• -Autopsy
• -Paleopathology
• -Illustrative cases

3) Readership

It is primarily for pathologists currently in practice, researchers, clinicians, allied health professionals including medical teachers and nurses, medical students, and health related policy makers
Researchers can find novel biomarkers and technical advances with diagnostic and prognostic applications that can enhance the boundary of their translational and pathology related researches.
Clinicians can come across new insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of human diseases and most up-to-date developments in pathology that they can apply to their everyday practice
Allied health professionals, including nurses and medical teachers - may acquaint themselves with pathology terms and recent issues that are pertinent to patient treatment and prognoses
Medical students may find academic information related to pathology curriculum and familiarize themselves with illustrative cases. They can find answers to queries they may have had during the pathology lectures and further enhance their knowledge and potential as future pathologists and clinicians
Policymakers can find the basis for public health related policies that are related to new technical advances with diagnostic implications, novel biomarkers for targeted therapy and contemporary issues pertinent to diagnostic accuracy.

4) Authorship criteria

The corresponding author takes primary responsibility for communication with the journal during the manuscript submission, peer review, and publication process, and typically ensures that all the journal's administrative requirements, such as providing details of authorship, ethics committee approval, clinical trial registration documentation, and gathering conflict of interest forms and statements, are properly completed, although these duties may be delegated to one or more coauthors. The corresponding author should be available throughout the submission and peer review process to respond to editorial queries in a timely way, and should be available after publication to respond to critiques of the work and cooperate with any requests from the journal for data or additional information should questions about the paper arise after publication. Authors are responsible for the whole content of each article. Co-authorship should be based on the following 4 criteria:

(1) Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; AND
(2) Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; AND
(3) Final approval of the version to be published; AND
(4) Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

If any persons who do not meet above four criteria, they may be placed as contributors in Acknowledgments section. Description of co-first authors or co-corresponding authors is also accepted if corresponding author believes that their roles are equally contributed.

5) Duplicate submission and redundant publication

Manuscripts under review or published by other journals will not be accepted for publication, and articles published in this journal are not allowed to be reproduced in whole or in part in any type of publication without permission of the Editorial Board. Figures and tables of this journal can be used freely if original source is verified according to Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License. It is mandatory for all authors to resolve any copyright issues when citing a figure or table from other journal that is not open access.

2. Name of Journal

The Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine (pISSN 2383-7837, eISSN 2383-7845) is the official publication of the Korean Society of Pathologists and the Korean Society for Cytopathology. Its formal abbreviated title is “J Pathol Transl Med.” It is a peer-reviewed open access journal of medicine published in English. The journal was launched in 1967 under the title of ‘The Korean Journal of Pathology’ until 2014 (pISSN 1738-1843, eISSN 2092-8920). Since 2015, the title is now changed to ‘Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.’

3. Peer Review Process

Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine reviews all manuscripts received. A manuscript is first reviewed for its format and adherence to the aims and scope of the journal. If the manuscript meets these two criteria, it is dispatched to three investigators in the field with relevant knowledge. The journal uses a single-blind peer review process: the reviewers know the identity of the authors, but not vice versa. Assuming the manuscript is sent to reviewers, Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine waits to receive opinions from at least two reviewers. In addition, if deemed necessary, a review of statistics may be requested. Received manuscripts will be peer-reviewed and a primary editorial decision will be sent to the authors within 2 weeks after submission. All articles will be published within 2 months after final acceptance by the Editorial Office. The corresponding author must indicate the alterations that have been made in response to the reviewers’ comments item by item. Failure to resubmit the revised manuscript within 4 weeks of the editorial decision is regarded as a withdrawal. A final decision on acceptance/rejection for publication is forwarded to the corresponding author from the editor. All manuscripts from editors, employees, or members of the editorial board are processed same to other unsolicited manuscripts.
If manuscripts from Editor-in-Chief or Associate Editors are submitted, it is also treated through same process with other manuscripts. However, those authors are not involved in the peer reviewer selection, review process, or final decision.

4. Ownership and Management

1) Information about the ownership

This journal is owned by the publisher, Korean Society of Pathologists (http://www.pathology.or.kr/) and the Korean Society for Cytopathology (https://www.cytopathol.or.kr/)

2) Management team

- Journal Manager
     Da Jeong Kim, The Korean Society of Pathologists, Korea
     Annmi Jeon, The Korean Society of Cytopathology, Korea
- Manager of the Review Process
     Chan Kwon Jung, The Catholic University of Korea, Korea
     So Yeon Park, Seoul National University, Korea
     Andrey Bychkov, Kameda Medical Center, Japan; Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan
     Eunah Shin, Cha University, Korea
     Haeryoung Kim, Seoul National University, Korea
     Hee Eun Lee, Mayo Clinic, USA
- Manuscript Editor
     Soohee Chang, InfoLumi, Korea
- Layout Editor
     Haeja Kim iMiS Company Co., Ltd.
- Website and JATS XML File Producers
     Yoon-Sang Cho M2community, Korea
     Jeonghee Im M2community, Korea

5. Governing Body

The governing body is the journal's editorial board (https://www.jpatholtm.org/about/editorial.php).

6. Editorial Team and Contact Information

1) Editorial team

Editorial Board’s website is https://www.jpatholtm.org/about/editorial.php.
All of the members are responsible to improve the scientific quality of the journal and to implement editorial policy approved by the editorial board.

2) Roles of Editors and Editorial Board Members

Editors-in-Chief
- Responsible for the whole journal content
- Select, appoint and manage associate editors and editorial board members
- Make the final decision to accept or reject the manuscript for publication.
- Attract high-quality manuscripts
- Responsible for handling allegations on scientific misbehaviors and misconducts
- Provide guidelines to the authors for submission of manuscript and journal policies.

Senior Editors
- A group of respected scholars in the field of pathology and translational medicine who had served as Editors-in-Chief for the journal
- Advise on policy and scope of the journal

Associate Editors
- Assist EICs in getting manuscripts reviewed and published
- Handle articles by subject areas
- Initial screening of manuscripts
- Check for plagiarism and similarity

Consulting Editors
Advise on journal policy, editing, and publication when consulted

Ethics Editor
- Advise on ethical issues of the journal

Statistics Editor
- Verify and advise on the statistics results described in the manuscripts

Manuscript Editor
- Assist EICs and AEs
- Handle day-to-day paperwork
- Perform technical check on all submitted manuscripts

Layout Editors
- Responsible for the final layout and printing of the manuscripts

Editorial Board
- A group of respected scholars in the field of pathology and translational medicine
- Assist with peer review
- Suggest ideas for special issues
- Recommend review articles with an impact

3) Contact information

Publisher The Korean Society of Pathologists
Room 1209 Gwanghwamun Officia, 92 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03186, Korea
Tel: +82-2-795-3094, Fax: +82-2-790-6635, E-mail: office@jpatholtm.org

Publisher The Korean Society for Cytopathology
#1508 Renaissancetower, 14, Mallijae-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04195, Korea
Tel: +82-2-593-6943, Fax: +82-2-593-6944, E-mail: office@jpatholtm.org

Editorial Office Room 1209 Gwanghwamun Officia, 92 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03186, Korea /
#1508 Renaissancetower, 14, Mallijae-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04195, Korea
Tel: +82-2-795-3094 / +82-2-593-6943, Fax: +82-2-790-6635 / +82-2-593-6944, E-mail: office@jpatholtm.org

7. Copyright and Licensing

1) Copyright policy

All published papers become the permanent property of the Korean Society of Pathologists and the Korean Society for Cytopathology. Copyrights of all published materials are owned by the Korean Society of Pathologists and the Korean Society for Cytopathology. Permission must be obtained from the Korean Society of Pathologists and the Korean Society for Cytopathology for any commercial use of materials. Every author should sign the copyright transfer agreement forms.

JPTM is an open access journal. Articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To use the tables or figures of JPTM in other journals, books or media for scholarly, educational purposes, the process of permission request to the publisher of JPTM is not necessary. All contents of the journal are available immediately upon publication without embargo period.

2) Licensing information

This is an open-access journal distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited for non-commercial purpose (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).

3) Deposit policy

Full text of JPTM has been archived in PubMed Central (PMC)
(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/2702/) from the 46th volume, 2011.
According to the deposit policy (self-archiving policy) of Sherpa/Romeo http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/, authors cannot archive pre-print (i.e. pre-refereeing), but they can archive post-print (i.e. final draft post-refereeing). Authors can archive publisher's version/PDF. JPTM provides the electronic backup and preservation of access to the journal content in the event the journal is no longer published by archiving in PubMed Central. Authors can archive publisher's version/PDF.

8. Publication Fees

JPTM publishes all contents Open Access and makes the content freely available online.
Original articles and reviews are exempt from author submission fees or other publication-related charges.
For others (case studies, brief case reports and letters), authors are required to pay publication fees. Page charges are $150 USD per 4 printed pages or less and $25 USD per additional page. The surcharge for color figures is $100 USD per page.
The charge for print copies of each article is $50 USD per 50 printed copies and the surcharge is $10 USD per additional copy.

9. Process for Identification of and Dealing with Allegations of Research Misconduct

When the Journal faces suspected cases of research and publication misconduct such as duplicate publication, plagiarism, fraudulent or fabricated data, changes in authorship, undisclosed conflict of interest, ethical problem with a submitted manuscript, a reviewer who has appropriated an author's idea or data, complaints against editors, and etc., the resolving process will be followed by flowchart provided by the Committee on Publication Ethics (http://publicationethics.org/resources/flowcharts). The discussion and decision on the suspected cases are done by Editorial Board.

10. Publication Ethics

1) Statement of Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

All studies on human subjects should follow the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and the authors should provide an affirmation that the studies have been approved by the appropriate institutional review board (IRB) and/or national research ethics committee with relevant reference numbers and dates. The following statement should be included in the text at the end of the Materials and Methods section: "All procedures performed in the current study were approved by IRB and/or national research ethics committee (reference number and date) in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments." Clinical studies that do not meet the Helsinki Declaration will not be considered for publication. Animal studies also need to be approved by the institutional Animal Ethics Committee (AEC) or its equivalent. Research on animals should be performed based on the National or Institutional Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, and the ethical treatment of all experimental animals should be maintained.

Authors should have obtained written informed consent from all participants prior to inclusion in the study, and the following statement should be included at the end of the Materials and Methods section after the IRB approval statement: “Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.” Identifying details of the participants (e.g. names, dates of birth, and unit numbers) should not be published in written descriptions, photographs, and genetic profiles. In cases where identifying details are essential for scientific purposes, the participant should have given written informed consent for the identifying information to be published and it should be stated separately as following: "Additional informed consent was obtained from all individual participants for whom identifying information is included in this article."

Waiver of the informed consent can only be granted by the appropriate IRB and/or national research ethics committee in compliance with the current laws of the country in which the study was performed, and this should be separately stated as following: “Formal written informed consent was not required with a waiver by the appropriate IRB and/or national research ethics committee.” It should be noted that manuscripts that do not contain statements on IRB approval and patient informed consent can be returned to the authors before the review process.

For autopsy case reports, an informed consent is not required under the premises that consent was previously obtained for the autopsy to be conducted and that the strict anonymity of the patient has been respected.

2) Journal policies on authorship and contributorship

Authorship
The corresponding author takes primary responsibility for communication with the journal during the manuscript submission, peer review, and publication process, and typically ensures that all the journal's administrative requirements, such as providing details of authorship, ethics committee approval, clinical trial registration documentation, and gathering conflict of interest forms and statements, are properly completed, although these duties may be delegated to one or more coauthors. The corresponding author should be available throughout the submission and peer review process to respond to editorial queries in a timely way, and should be available after publication to respond to critiques of the work and cooperate with any requests from the journal for data or additional information should questions about the paper arise after publication. Authors are responsible for the whole content of each article. Co-authorship should be based on the following 4 criteria:

(1) Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; AND
(2) Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; AND
(3) Final approval of the version to be published; AND
(4) Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

If any persons who do not meet above four criteria, they may be placed as contributors in Acknowledgments section. Description of co-first authors or co-corresponding authors is also accepted if corresponding author believes that their roles are equally contributed.

Originality and duplicate publication
Manuscripts under review or published by other journals will not be accepted for publication, and articles published in this journal are not allowed to be reproduced in whole or in part in any type of publication without permission of the Editorial Board. Figures and tables of this journal can be used freely if original source is verified according to Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License. It is mandatory for all authors to resolve any copyright issues when citing a figure or table from a other journal that is not open access.

Secondary publication
It is possible to republish manuscripts if the manuscripts satisfy the condition of secondary publication of the "Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals" http://www.icmje.org/publishing_4overlap.html as followings: Certain types of articles, such as guidelines produced by governmental agencies and professional organizations, may need to reach the widest possible audience. In such instances, editors sometimes deliberately publish material that is also being published in other journals, with the agreement of the authors and the editors of those journals. Secondary publication for various other reasons, in the same or another language, especially in other countries, is justifiable and can be beneficial provided that the following conditions are met. The authors have received approval from the editors of both journals. The editor concerned with secondary publication must have a photocopy, reprint, or manuscript of the primary version. The priority of the primary publication is respected by a publication interval of at least 1 week, unless specifically negotiated otherwise by both editors.
The paper for secondary publication is intended for a different group of readers; an abbreviated version could be sufficient. The secondary version faithfully reflects the data and interpretations of the primary version. The footnote on the title page of the secondary version informs readers, peers, and documenting agencies that the paper has been published in whole or in part and states the primary reference. A suitable footnote might read: "This article is based on a study first reported in the [title of journal, with full reference]."

3) How the journal handles complaints and appeals

Authors who wish to appeal a decision should contact the Editor-in-Chief, explaining in detail the reasons for the appeal. Appeals will only be considered when a reviewer or editor is thought to have made a significant factual error or when his/her objectivity is compromised by a documented competing interest, and when a reversal based on either of these grounds would change the original decision. The journal staff will ask for confirmation of the reason(s) in the first instance.
If the authors proceed, the original editor(s) will usually be asked to consider the appeal. Additional editorial board members may also be consulted. The editors will try to handle an appeal expeditiously; however, each appeal is unique and the journal cannot guarantee the turnaround time or the outcome. The process of handling complaints and appeals follows the guidelines of COPE available from (https://publicationethics.org/appeals). JPTM does not consider second appeals.

4) Journal policies on conflicts of interest/competing interests

Conflict of interest exists when an author or the author's institution, reviewer, or editor has financial or personal relationships that inappropriately influence (bias) his or her actions. Such relationships are also known as dual commitments, competing interests, or competing loyalties. These relationships vary from being negligible to having great potential for influencing judgment. Not all relationships represent true conflict of interest. On the other hand, the potential for conflict of interest can exist regardless of whether an individual believes that the relationship affects his or her scientific judgment. Financial relationships such as employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, and paid expert testimony, are the most easily identifiable conflicts of interest and the most likely to undermine the credibility of the journal, the authors, and of science itself. However, conflicts can occur for other reasons, such as personal relationships, academic competition, and intellectual passion (https://www.icmje.org/disclosure-of-interest/). If there are any conflicts of interest, authors should disclose them in the manuscript. The conflict of interest may occur during research process; however, important point is the disclosure itself. If there is a disclosure, editors, reviewers, and reader can approach the manuscripts after understanding the situation where the research work was processed.

5) Journal policies on data sharing and reproducibility

Until 2020, authors will be encouraged to share their data openly, but starting in 2021, they will be mandated to do so. The related regulation follows the open data sharing policy outlined below.
Open data sharing policy
For clarification on result accuracy and reproducibility of the results, raw data or analysis data will be deposited to a public repository, for example, Harvard Dataverse https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataverse/apem after acceptance of the manuscript. Therefore, submission of the raw data or analysis data is mandatory. If the data is already a public one, its URL site or sources should be disclosed. If data cannot be publicized, it can be negotiated with the editor. If there are any inquiries on depositing data, authors should contact the editorial office.

Clinical data sharing policy
This journal follows the data sharing policy described in “Data Sharing Statements for Clinical Trials: A Requirement of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors” (https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2017.32.7.1051). As of July 1, 2018 manuscripts submitted to ICMJE journals that report the results of interventional clinical trials must contain a data sharing statement as described below. Clinical trials that begin enrolling participants on or after January 1, 2019 must include a data sharing plan in the trial's registration. The ICMJE's policy regarding trial registration is explained at https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/publishing-and-editorial-issues/clinical-trial-registration.html. If the data sharing plan changes after registration this should be reflected in the statement submitted and published with the manuscript, and updated in the registry record. All of the authors of research articles that deal with interventional clinical trials must submit data sharing plan of example 1 to 4 in Table 1. Based on the degree of sharing plan, authors should deposit their data after deidentification and report the DOI of the data and the registered site.

Table 1. Examples of data sharing statements that fulfill these ICMJE requirements*

Element	Example 1	Example 2	Example 3	Example 4
Will individual participant data be available (including data dictionaries)?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
What data in particular will be shared?	All individual participant data collected during the trial, after deidentification.	Individual participant data that underlie the results reported in this article, after deidentification (text, tables, figures, and appendices).	Individual participant data that underlie the results reported in this article, after deidentification (text, tables, figures, and appendices).	Not available
What other documents will be available?	Study protocol, statistical analysis plan, informed consent form, clinical study report, analytic code	Study protocol, statistical analysis plan, analytic code	Study protocol	Not available
When will data be available (start and end dates)?	Immediately following publication. No end date.	Beginning at 3 months and ending at 5 years following the article publication.	Beginning at 9 months and ending at 36 months following the article publication.	Not applicable
With whom?	Anyone who wishes to access the data.	Researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal.	Investigators whose proposed use of the data has been approved by an independent review committee (“learned intermediary”) identified for this purpose.	Not applicable
For what types of analyses?	Any purpose	To achieve aims in the approved proposal.	For individual participant data meta-analysis.	Not applicable
By what mechanism will data be made available?	Data are available indefinitely at (link to be included).	Proposals should be directed to xxx@yyy. To gain access, data requestors will need to sign a data access agreement.	Proposals may be submitted up to 36 months following article publication. After 36 months the data will be available in our University's data warehouse but without investigator support other than deposited metadata.	Not applicable
		Data are available for 5 years at a third-party website (link to be included).	Information regarding submitting proposals and accessing data may be found at (link to be provided).

ICMJE, International Committee of Medical Journal Editors.
*These examples are meant to illustrate a range of, but not all, data sharing options.

6) Journal's policy on ethical oversight

When the Journal faces suspected cases of research and publication misconduct such as duplicate publication, plagiarism, fraudulent or fabricated data, changes in authorship, undisclosed conflict of interest, ethical problem with a submitted manuscript, a reviewer who has appropriated an author's idea or data, complaints against editors, and etc., the resolving process will be followed by flowchart provided by the Committee on Publication Ethics (http://publicationethics.org/resources/flowcharts). The discussion and decision on the suspected cases are done by Editorial Board.

7) Journal's policy on intellectual property

All published papers become the permanent property of the Korean Society of Pathologists and the Korean Society for Cytopathology. Copyrights of all published materials are owned by the Korean Society of Pathologists and the Korean Society for Cytopathology.

8) Journal's options for postpublication discussions and corrections

The postpublication discussion is available through letter to the editor. If any readers have a concern on any articles published, they can submit letter to the editor on the articles. If there founds any errors or mistakes in the article, it can be corrected through errata, corrigenda, or retraction.

11. Policy for Handling Retractions, Withdrawals, and Expressions of Concern

Retraction

JPTM is responsible for the integrity of the published articles, therefore, occasions may arise when it is necessary to retract articles. Articles may be retracted on following circumstances:

• 1) When there is clear evidence on scientific misconduct (e.g. data fabrication) or honest error(e.g. experimental error) so that the findings and conclusions are unreliable.
• 2) When findings have previously been published elsewhere without proper cross-referencing, permission or justification (i.e. cases of redundant publication).
• 3) When there are ethical issues or inappropriate authorship. (See COPE discussion document'What constitutes authorship?').

Retraction process

JPTM follows the retraction process in accordance with COPE guidelines(https://publicationethics.org/retraction-guidelines):

• 1) When editors have convincing evidence that a retraction is required, editors may retract publications even if the authors do not agree.
• 2) The editors discuss the issue in question and evaluate the authors’ answers.
• 3) The final decision is then communicated to the author and, if necessary, any other relevant bodies, such as the author's institution on occasion.
• 4) The retraction statement is posted on the JPTM website and published in the next available issue of the journal with a link to the article being retracted. A ‘retracted’ watermark appear on the article, and the article as first published is retained online. The retracted article is identified in all online sources, on the original article, and all bibliographic databases.
• 5) The retraction is listed in the contents page, and appear on a numbered page. The text of the retraction explains the reason for being retracted, and is linked to the original article so that anyone who comes across the original article can see the retraction.

Withdrawal

When an accepted article contains errors or infringes an ethical code, it may be withdrawn with a withdrawal statement. Bibliographic information about the deleted article is retained for the scientific record, and an explanation is be given for the withdrawal.

Expression of Concern

Editors may consider issuing an Expressions of Concern if they feel that readers should be informed of any potentially misleading information contained in an article. However, editors should be aware that an Expression of Concern carries the same risks to a researcher's reputation as a retraction, and it should be issued only if there are strong indicators to suggest that the concerns are valid. See COPE case 17-02 Data manipulation and institute's internal review and COPE case 15-10 Handling self-admissions of fraud.

12. Publishing Schedule

It is published in English bimonthly (January 15, March 15, May 15, July 15, September 15, and November 15).

13. Access

This is an open-access journal distributed under the term of the Creative Common Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creative-commons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

14. Archiving

It is accessible without barrier from PubMed Central (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/2702/), Korea Citation Index (https://www.kci.go.kr/), or National Library of Korea (http://nl.go.kr) in the event a journal is no longer published.

15. Revenue Sources

Revenue sources of journal were from the support of publisher (the Korean Society of Pathologists and the Korean Society for Cytopathology), Korea Government’s support, author fee for print copies, and advertising rates.

16. Advertising

1) Eligibility of the advertised products or services

All products or services should be safe and reliable, and not cause any harm to the health and welfare of humans. Advertisements may promote information and technologies relevant for authors, editors, reviewers, and readers. Pharmaceutical products may also be considered.

- Advertising is separate from content. Advertisers and sponsors have no advance knowledge of our editorial contents, nor do the editors have advance knowledge of advertisers. Content is never altered, added, or deleted to accommodate advertising. Advertisers and sponsors have no input regarding any of our editorial decisions or advertising policies.
- We reserves the right to decline or cancel any advertisement at any time.
- Advertisements for pharmaceutical products must conform to all regulations and policies of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Republic of Korea in every respect.

2) Orders

Any individuals or organizations who are interested in advertising their products or services in the print copies of the journal or on its website are encouraged to contact the editorial office.
The acceptance of advertisement will be discussed by the editorial board and will be ultimately approved by the publisher.

3) Advertisement fee

For one print copy issue, the advertisement price for one whole page is USD 1000 (or KRW 1,000,000).

4) Disclaimer

Liability: Neither the publisher nor the editors will be legally liable for advertisements presented in the journal. In addition, they cannot guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information provided.
Endorsement: The publisher and the editors do not endorse any products or services that are advertised.
Disclaimer: Neither the publisher nor the authors will be legally liable for any of the content of advertisements, so readers must keep this in mind when reading or seeing advertisements.

17. Direct Marketing

Journal propagation has been done through the journal web site and distribution of an eTOC. Invitations to submit a manuscript are usually focused on the presenters at conferences, seminars, or workshops if the topic is related to the journal's aims and scope.