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From articles published in Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine during the past two years (2023 ~ ).

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Perspectives on single-nucleus RNA sequencing in different cell types and tissues
Nayoung Kim, Huiram Kang, Areum Jo, Seung-Ah Yoo, Hae-Ock Lee
J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(1):52-59.   Published online January 10, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.12.19
  • 19,979 View
  • 451 Download
  • 34 Web of Science
  • 33 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Single-cell RNA sequencing has become a powerful and essential tool for delineating cellular diversity in normal tissues and alterations in disease states. For certain cell types and conditions, there are difficulties in isolating intact cells for transcriptome profiling due to their fragility, large size, tight interconnections, and other factors. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) is an alternative or complementary approach for cells that are difficult to isolate. In this review, we will provide an overview of the experimental and analysis steps of snRNA-seq to understand the methods and characteristics of general and tissue-specific snRNA-seq data. Knowing the advantages and limitations of snRNA-seq will increase its use and improve the biological interpretation of the data generated using this technique.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
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  • A versatile and efficient method to isolate nuclei from low-input cryopreserved tissues for single-nuclei transcriptomics
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  • Altered Neuroinflammatory Transcriptomic Profile in the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Three Weeks After Lateral Fluid Percussion Injury in Rats
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  • Impaired cortical neuronal homeostasis and cognition after diffuse traumatic brain injury are dependent on microglia and type I interferon responses
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    Molecules and Cells.2024; 47(2): 100031.     CrossRef
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Article image
Inflammatory bowel disease–associated intestinal fibrosis
Ji Min Park, Jeongseok Kim, Yoo Jin Lee, Sung Uk Bae, Hye Won Lee
J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(1):60-66.   Published online January 10, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.11.02
  • 16,456 View
  • 453 Download
  • 32 Web of Science
  • 32 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Fibrosis is characterized by a proliferation of fibroblasts and excessive extracellular matrix following chronic inflammation, and this replacement of organ tissue with fibrotic tissue causes a loss of function. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, and intestinal fibrosis is common in IBD patients, resulting in several complications that require surgery, such as a stricture or penetration. This review describes the pathogenesis and various factors involved in intestinal fibrosis in IBD, including cytokines, growth factors, epithelial-mesenchymal and endothelial-mesenchymal transitions, and gut microbiota. Furthermore, histopathologic findings and scoring systems used for stenosis in IBD are discussed, and differences in the fibrosis patterns of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are compared. Biomarkers and therapeutic agents targeting intestinal fibrosis are briefly mentioned at the end.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
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Article image
Aneurysmal bone cyst: a review
Elham Nasri, John David Reith
J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(2):81-87.   Published online March 14, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.02.23
  • 25,887 View
  • 748 Download
  • 27 Web of Science
  • 31 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a benign locally destructive bone neoplasm composed of multi-loculated blood-filled cystic spaces. The most common sites of involvement are the meta-diaphysis of the long bones and posterior elements of the vertebrae. Secondary, ABC-like changes can complicate a variety of other benign and malignant primary bone neoplasms, including giant cell tumor, fibrous dysplasia, and osteosarcoma. About two-third of primary ABCs have a rearrangement of the USP6 gene, which is not present in the ABC-like changes that occur secondary to other primary bone tumors (i.e., secondary ABC). Primary ABC of bone carries a variable but generally high rate of local recurrence. This paper provides an overview of the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, radiographic and pathologic findings, treatment, and prognosis of ABC.

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Article image
A review of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis regression
Michael J. Lee
J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(4):189-195.   Published online June 20, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.05.24
  • 25,023 View
  • 831 Download
  • 22 Web of Science
  • 23 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Cirrhosis has traditionally been considered an irreversible process of end-stage liver disease. With new treatments for chronic liver disease, there is regression of fibrosis and cirrhosis, improvement in clinical parameters (i.e. liver function and hemodynamic markers, hepatic venous pressure gradient), and survival rates, demonstrating that fibrosis and fibrolysis are a dynamic process moving in two directions. Microscopically, hepatocytes push into thinning fibrous septa with eventual perforation leaving behind delicate periportal spikes in the portal tracts and loss of portal veins. Obliterated portal veins during progressive fibrosis and cirrhosis due to parenchymal extinction, vascular remodeling and thrombosis often leave behind a bile duct and hepatic artery within the portal tract. Traditional staging classification systems focused on a linear, progressive process; however, the Beijing classification system incorporates both the bidirectional nature for the progression and regression of fibrosis. However, even with regression, vascular lesions/remodeling, parenchymal extinction and a cumulative mutational burden place patients at an increased risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma and should continue to undergo active clinical surveillance. It is more appropriate to consider cirrhosis as another stage in the evolution of chronic liver disease as a bidirectional process rather than an end-stage, irreversible state.

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Article image
Infections and immunity: associations with obesity and related metabolic disorders
Amitabha Ray, Melissa J. L. Bonorden, Rajashree Pandit, Katai J. Nkhata, Anupam Bishayee
J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(1):28-42.   Published online January 15, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.11.14
  • 12,909 View
  • 285 Download
  • 15 Web of Science
  • 20 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
About one-fourth of the global population is either overweight or obese, both of which increase the risk of insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, and infections. In obesity, both immune cells and adipocytes produce an excess of pro-inflammatory cytokines that may play a significant role in disease progression. In the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, important pathological characteristics such as involvement of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, endothelial injury, and pro-inflammatory cytokine release have been shown to be connected with obesity and associated sequelae such as insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes and hypertension. This pathological connection may explain the severity of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic disorders. Many studies have also reported an association between type 2 diabetes and persistent viral infections. Similarly, diabetes favors the growth of various microorganisms including protozoal pathogens as well as opportunistic bacteria and fungi. Furthermore, diabetes is a risk factor for a number of prion-like diseases. There is also an interesting relationship between helminths and type 2 diabetes; helminthiasis may reduce the pro-inflammatory state, but is also associated with type 2 diabetes or even neoplastic processes. Several studies have also documented altered circulating levels of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes in obesity, which likely modifies vaccine effectiveness. Timely monitoring of inflammatory markers (e.g., C-reactive protein) and energy homeostasis markers (e.g., leptin) could be helpful in preventing many obesity-related diseases.

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Newsletter
Article image
What’s new in dermatopathology 2023: WHO 5th edition updates
Jonathan Ho, Chico J Collie
J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(6):337-340.   Published online October 17, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.09.22
  • 12,526 View
  • 1,375 Download
  • 17 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
The 5th edition WHO Classification of Skin Tumors (2022) has introduced changes to nomenclature and diagnostics. Important differences are discussed below. Changes in each category of skin tumor have been detailed, with particular emphasis on meaningful advances in our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of the skin’s diverse tumor landscape.

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    J. A. Gabriel, N. Weerasinghe, P. Balachandran, R. Salih, G. E. Orchard
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Review
Article image
A standardized pathology report for gastric cancer: 2nd edition
Young Soo Park, Myeong-Cherl Kook, Baek-hui Kim, Hye Seung Lee, Dong-Wook Kang, Mi-Jin Gu, Ok Ran Shin, Younghee Choi, Wonae Lee, Hyunki Kim, In Hye Song, Kyoung-Mee Kim, Hee Sung Kim, Guhyun Kang, Do Youn Park, So-Young Jin, Joon Mee Kim, Yoon Jung Choi, Hee Kyung Chang, Soomin Ahn, Mee Soo Chang, Song-Hee Han, Yoonjin Kwak, An Na Seo, Sung Hak Lee, Mee-Yon Cho
J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(1):1-27.   Published online January 15, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.12.23
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
The first edition of ‘A Standardized Pathology Report for Gastric Cancer’ was initiated by the Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists and published 17 years ago. Since then, significant advances have been made in the pathologic diagnosis, molecular genetics, and management of gastric cancer (GC). To reflect those changes, a committee for publishing a second edition of the report was formed within the Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists. This second edition consists of two parts: standard data elements and conditional data elements. The standard data elements contain the basic pathologic findings and items necessary to predict the prognosis of GC patients, and they are adequate for routine surgical pathology service. Other diagnostic and prognostic factors relevant to adjuvant therapy, including molecular biomarkers, are classified as conditional data elements to allow each pathologist to selectively choose items appropriate to the environment in their institution. We trust that the standardized pathology report will be helpful for GC diagnosis and facilitate large-scale multidisciplinary collaborative studies.

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Original Articles
Article image
Significance of tumor-associated neutrophils, lymphocytes, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in non-invasive and invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma
Wael Abdo Hassan, Ahmed Kamal ElBanna, Noha Noufal, Mohamed El-Assmy, Hany Lotfy, Rehab Ibrahim Ali
J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(2):88-94.   Published online January 10, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.11.06
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Tumor-infiltrating neutrophils and lymphocytes play essential roles in promoting or combating various neoplasms. This study aimed to investigate the association between tumor-infiltrating neutrophils and lymphocytes and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in the progression of urothelial carcinoma.
Methods
A total of 106 patients diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma were was. Pathological examination for tumor grade and stage and for tumor-infiltrating neutrophils, both CD4 and CD8+ T lymphocytes, as well as the neutrophil- to-lymphocyte ratio were evaluated.
Results
The presence of neutrophils and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio correlated with high-grade urothelial neoplasms. In both low- and high-grade tumors, the lymphocytes increased during progression from a non-invasive neoplasm to an early-invasive neoplasm. CD8+ T lymphocytes increased in low-grade non–muscle-invasive tumors compared to non-invasive tumors. Additionally, there was a significant decrease in CD8+ T lymphocytes during progression to muscle-invasive tumors.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that tumor-infiltrating neutrophils and CD8+ T lymphocytes have a significant effect on tumor grade and progression.

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    Mohamad Abou Chakra, Riitta Lassila, Nancy El Beayni, Sarah L. Mott, Michael A. O'Donnell
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    Milad Sheervalilou, Mostafa Ghanei, Masoud Arabfard
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    Bo Hu, Longsheng Wang, Shanna Qu, Tao Zhang
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    Moe Kameda, Sayaka Kobayashi, Yoshimi Nishijima, Ryosuke Akuzawa, Rio Kaneko, Rio Shibanuma, Seiji Arai, Hayato Ikota, Kazuhiro Suzuki, Hideaki Yokoo, Masanao Saio
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    Roberta Mazzucchelli, Angelo Cormio, Magda Zanelli, Maurizio Zizzo, Andrea Palicelli, Andrea Benedetto Galosi, Francesca Sanguedolce
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    Jiaguo Huang, Li Lin, Dikai Mao, Runmiao Hua, Feifei Guan
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Article image
Expression of specific microRNAs in tissue and plasma in colorectal cancer
Allan Fellizar, Vivencio Refuerzo, John Donnie Ramos, Pia Marie Albano
J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(3):147-157.   Published online May 3, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.02.19
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
MicroRNAs (miRNA/miR) play significant roles in the regulation of cell differentiation, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. They become dysregulated during carcinogenesis and are eventually released into the circulation, enabling their detection in body fluids. Thus, this study compared the miRNA expression in tissue and plasma samples of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and clinically healthy controls and determined miRNA expression as a potential CRC biomarker.
Methods
Using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), miR-21-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-92a-3p, miR-135b-5p, miR-196b-5p, and miR-197-3p, expression was analyzed and compared between the malignant (n = 41) and the adjacent neoplasm free mucosal tissues (n = 41) of CRC patients. The findings were validated in plasma samples (n = 36) collected from the same CRC patients prior to surgery or any form of treatment and compared to plasma from their age and sex-matched controls (n = 36).
Results
MiR-21-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-92a-3p, and miR- 196b-5p were upregulated and miR-135b-5p was downregulated in CRC malignant tissues compared to their expression in adjacent neoplasm-free tissue. This was further observed in the plasma of the same CRC cases compared to controls. MiR-92a-3p showed itself the most sensitive (0.93; p < .001) and most specific (0.95; p < .001) in detecting CRC in tissue. In plasma, miR-196b-5p was the most sensitive (0.97; p < .001) and specific (0.94; p < .001) in detecting CRC. Plasma miR-92a-3p and miR-196b-5p were the most sensitive (0.95; p < .001) and specific (0.94; p < .001) in the early detection of CRC.
Conclusions
Results show that specific miRNAs dysregulated in malignant tissues are released and can be detected in the circulation, supporting their potential as non-invasive biomarkers of CRC.

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Review
Article image
A stepwise approach to fine needle aspiration cytology of lymph nodes
Yosep Chong, Gyeongsin Park, Hee Jeong Cha, Hyun-Jung Kim, Chang Suk Kang, Jamshid Abdul-Ghafar, Seung-Sook Lee
J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(4):196-207.   Published online July 11, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.06.12
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
The cytological diagnosis of lymph node lesions is extremely challenging because of the diverse diseases that cause lymph node enlargement, including both benign and malignant or metastatic lymphoid lesions. Furthermore, the cytological findings of different lesions often resemble one another. A stepwise diagnostic approach is essential for a comprehensive diagnosis that combines: clinical findings, including age, sex, site, multiplicity, and ultrasonography findings; low-power reactive, metastatic, and lymphoma patterns; high-power population patterns, including two populations of continuous range, small monotonous pattern and large monotonous pattern; and disease-specific diagnostic clues including granulomas and lymphoglandular granules. It is also important to remember the histological features of each diagnostic category that are common in lymph node cytology and to compare them with cytological findings. It is also essential to identify a few categories of diagnostic pitfalls that often resemble lymphomas and easily lead to misdiagnosis, particularly in malignant small round cell tumors, poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, and nasopharyngeal undifferentiated carcinoma. Herein, we review a stepwise approach for fine needle aspiration cytology of lymphoid diseases and suggest a diagnostic algorithm that uses this approach and the Sydney classification system.

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Original Article
Article image
TRPS1 expression in non-melanocytic cutaneous neoplasms: an immunohistochemical analysis of 200 cases
Yi A. Liu, Phyu P. Aung, Yunyi Wang, Jing Ning, Priyadharsini Nagarajan, Jonathan L. Curry, Carlos A. Torres-Cabala, Doina Ivan, Victor G. Prieto, Qingqing Ding, Woo Cheal Cho
J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(2):72-80.   Published online February 26, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.01.23
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
Although trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 (TRPS1) was initially thought to be highly sensitive and specific for carcinomas and mesenchymal tumors of mammary origin, more recent data suggest its expression is not limited to breast neoplasms but also can be seen in other cutaneous neoplasms, such as extramammary Paget disease and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in situ.
Methods
Two-hundred cases of non-melanocytic cutaneous neoplasm, including basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) (n = 41), SCCs (n = 35), Merkel cell carcinomas (MCCs) (n = 25), and adnexal neoplasms (n = 99), were tested for TRPS1 expression using a monoclonal anti- TRPS1 rabbit anti-human antibody.
Results
TRPS1 expression was present in almost all cases of SCC (94%), with a median H-score of 200, while it was either absent or only focally present in most BCCs (90%), with a median H-score of 5. The difference between BCCs and SCCs in H-score was significant (p < .001). All MCCs (100%) lacked TRPS1 expression. TRPS1 expression was frequently seen in most adnexal neoplasms, benign and malignant, in variable intensity and proportion but was consistently absent in apocrine carcinomas. All endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinomas (EMPSGCs) (100%, 6/6) showed diffuse and strong TRPS1 immunoreactivity, with a median H-score of 300, which was significantly different (p < .001) than that of BCCs.
Conclusions
Our study shows that TRPS1 may be an effective discriminatory marker for BCCs and SCCs. It also has a role in distinguishing BCCs from EMPSGCs.

Citations

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Reviews
Article image
The Asian Thyroid Working Group, from 2017 to 2023
Kennichi Kakudo, Chan Kwon Jung, Zhiyan Liu, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Andrey Bychkov, Huy Gia Vuong, Somboon Keelawat, Radhika Srinivasan, Jen-Fan Hang, Chiung-Ru Lai
J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(6):289-304.   Published online November 14, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.10.04
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
The Asian Thyroid Working Group was founded in 2017 at the 12th Asia Oceania Thyroid Association (AOTA) Congress in Busan, Korea. This group activity aims to characterize Asian thyroid nodule practice and establish strict diagnostic criteria for thyroid carcinomas, a reporting system for thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology without the aid of gene panel tests, and new clinical guidelines appropriate to conservative Asian thyroid nodule practice based on scientific evidence obtained from Asian patient cohorts. Asian thyroid nodule practice is usually designed for patient-centered clinical practice, which is based on the Hippocratic Oath, “First do not harm patients,” and an oriental filial piety “Do not harm one’s own body because it is a precious gift from parents,” which is remote from defensive medical practice in the West where physicians, including pathologists, suffer from severe malpractice climate. Furthermore, Asian practice emphasizes the importance of resource management in navigating the overdiagnosis of low-risk thyroid carcinomas. This article summarizes the Asian Thyroid Working Group activities in the past 7 years, from 2017 to 2023, highlighting the diversity of thyroid nodule practice between Asia and the West and the background reasons why Asian clinicians and pathologists modified Western systems significantly.

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  • Letter: “High Rates of Unnecessary Surgery for Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules in the Absence of Molecular Test and the Cost-Effectiveness of Utilizing Molecular Test in an Asian Population: A Decision Analysis” by Fung et al
    Kennichi Kakudo, Andrey Bychkov, Jen-Fan Hang, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Somboon Keelawat, Zhiyan Liu, Radhika Srinivasan, Chan Kwon Jung
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  • Thyroid Nodules with Nuclear Atypia of Undetermined Significance (AUS-Nuclear) Hold a Two-Times-Higher Risk of Malignancy than AUS-Other Nodules Regardless of EU-TIRADS Class of the Nodule or Borderline Tumor Interpretation
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    Man Him Matrix Fung, Ching Tang, Gin Wai Kwok, Tin Ho Chan, Yan Luk, David Tak Wai Lui, Carlos King Ho Wong, Brian Hung Hin Lang
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Article image
Reevaluating diagnostic categories and associated malignancy risks in thyroid core needle biopsy
Chan Kwon Jung
J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(4):208-216.   Published online July 11, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.06.20
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  • 264 Download
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AbstractAbstract PDF
As the application of core needle biopsy (CNB) in evaluating thyroid nodules rises in clinical practice, the 2023 Korean Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Patients with Thyroid Nodules have officially recognized its value for the first time. CNB procures tissue samples preserving both histologic structure and cytologic detail, thereby supplying substantial material for an accurate diagnosis and reducing the necessity for repeated biopsies or subsequent surgical interventions. The current review introduces the risk of malignancy within distinct diagnostic categories, emphasizing the implications of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features on these malignancy risks. Prior research has indicated diagnostic challenges associated with follicular-patterned lesions, resulting in notable variation within indeterminate diagnostic categories. The utilization of mutation-specific immunostaining in CNB enhances the accuracy of lesion classification. This review underlines the essential role of a multidisciplinary approach in diagnosing follicular-patterned lesions and the potential of mutation-specific immunostaining to strengthen diagnostic consensus and inform patient management decisions.

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  • Lessons learned from the first 2 years of experience with thyroid core needle biopsy at an Indonesian national referral hospital
    Agnes Stephanie Harahap, Maria Francisca Ham, Retno Asti Werdhani, Erwin Danil Julian, Rafi Ilmansyah, Chloe Indira Arfelita Mangunkusumso, Tri Juli Edi Tarigan
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    Byeong-Joo Noh, Won Jun Kim, Jin Yub Kim, Ha Young Kim, Jong Cheol Lee, Myoung Sook Shim, Yong Jin Song, Kwang Hyun Yoon, In-Hye Jung, Hyo Sang Lee, Wooyul Paik, Dong Gyu Na
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    Heeseung Sohn, Kennichi Kakudo, Chan Kwon Jung
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    Eun Kyung Lee, Young Joo Park, Chan Kwon Jung, Dong Gyu Na
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  • The Diagnostic Role of Repeated Biopsy of Thyroid Nodules with Atypia of Undetermined Significance with Architectural Atypia on Core-Needle Biopsy
    Hye Hyeon Moon, Sae Rom Chung, Young Jun Choi, Tae-Yon Sung, Dong Eun Song, Tae Yong Kim, Jeong Hyun Lee, Jung Hwan Baek
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    David D Dolidze, Serghei Covantsev, Grigorii M Chechenin, Natalia V Pichugina, Anastasia V Bedina, Anna Bumbu
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Article image
Single-cell and spatial sequencing application in pathology
Yoon-Seob Kim, Jinyong Choi, Sug Hyung Lee
J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(1):43-51.   Published online January 10, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.12.12
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  • 385 Download
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Traditionally, diagnostic pathology uses histology representing structural alterations in a disease’s cells and tissues. In many cases, however, it is supplemented by other morphology-based methods such as immunohistochemistry and fluorescent in situ hybridization. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is one of the strategies that may help tackle the heterogeneous cells in a disease, but it does not usually provide histologic information. Spatial sequencing is designed to assign cell types, subtypes, or states according to the mRNA expression on a histological section by RNA sequencing. It can provide mRNA expressions not only of diseased cells, such as cancer cells but also of stromal cells, such as immune cells, fibroblasts, and vascular cells. In this review, we studied current methods of spatial transcriptome sequencing based on their technical backgrounds, tissue preparation, and analytic procedures. With the pathology examples, useful recommendations for pathologists who are just getting started to use spatial sequencing analysis in research are provided here. In addition, leveraging spatial sequencing by integration with scRNA-seq is reviewed. With the advantages of simultaneous histologic and single-cell information, spatial sequencing may give a molecular basis for pathological diagnosis, improve our understanding of diseases, and have potential clinical applications in prognostics and diagnostic pathology.

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Article image
Cytologic hallmarks and differential diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma subtypes
Agnes Stephanie Harahap, Chan Kwon Jung
J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(6):265-282.   Published online November 7, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.10.11
  • 10,787 View
  • 544 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • 7 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common thyroid malignancy, characterized by a range of subtypes that differ in their cytologic features, clinical behavior, and prognosis. Accurate cytologic evaluation of PTC using fine-needle aspiration is essential but can be challenging due to the morphologic diversity among subtypes. This review focuses on the distinct cytologic characteristics of various PTC subtypes, including the classic type, follicular variant, tall cell, columnar cell, hobnail, diffuse sclerosing, Warthin-like, solid/trabecular, and oncocytic PTCs. Each subtype demonstrates unique nuclear features, architectural patterns, and background elements essential for diagnosis and differentiation from other thyroid lesions. Recognizing these distinct cytologic patterns is essential for identifying aggressive subtypes like tall cell, hobnail, and columnar cell PTCs, which have a higher risk of recurrence, metastasis, and poorer clinical outcomes. Additionally, rare subtypes such as diffuse sclerosing and Warthin-like PTCs present unique cytologic profiles that must be carefully interpreted to avoid diagnostic errors. The review also highlights the cytologic indicators of lymph node metastasis and high-grade features, such as differentiated high-grade thyroid carcinoma. The integration of molecular testing can further refine subtype diagnosis by identifying specific genetic mutations. A thorough understanding of these subtype-specific cytologic features and molecular profiles is vital for accurate diagnosis, risk stratification, and personalized management of PTC patients. Future improvements in diagnostic techniques and standardization are needed to enhance cytologic evaluation and clinical decision-making in thyroid cancer.

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    Eun Kyung Lee, Min Joo Kim, Seung Heon Kang, Bon Seok Koo, Kyungsik Kim, Mijin Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Ji-hoon Kim, Shinje Moon, Kyorim Back, Young Shin Song, Jong-hyuk Ahn, Hwa Young Ahn, Ho-Ryun Won, Won Sang Yoo, Min Kyoung Lee, Jeongmin Lee, Ji Ye Lee, Kyon
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Newsletters
Article image
What’s new in thyroid pathology 2024: updates from the new WHO classification and Bethesda system
Andrey Bychkov, Chan Kwon Jung
J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(2):98-101.   Published online March 13, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.03.06
  • 21,730 View
  • 1,895 Download
  • 7 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
In line with the release of the 5th edition WHO Classification of Tumors of Endocrine Organs (2022) and the 3rd edition of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (2023), the field of thyroid pathology and cytopathology has witnessed key transformations. This digest brings to the fore the refined terminologies, newly introduced categories, and contentious methodological considerations pivotal to the updated classification.

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    Shirin Abbasi, Lorena Marcano-Bonilla, Syed Z. Ali
    Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Cytologic and Clinicopathologic Features of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with Prominent Hobnail Features on FNAC
    Deepali Saxena, Ravi Hari Phulware, Prashant Durgapal, Arvind Kumar, Amit Kumar Tyagi
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    Yeting Zeng, Dehua Zeng, Xingfeng Qi, Hanxi Wang, Xuzhou Wang, Xiaodong Dai, Lijuan Qu
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    Mohamed Amine Bani, Sophie Moog, Voichita Suciu, Livia Lamartina, Abir Al Ghuzlan
    Bulletin du Cancer.2024; 111(10): 10S5.     CrossRef
  • Cytologic hallmarks and differential diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma subtypes
    Agnes Stephanie Harahap, Chan Kwon Jung
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2024; 58(6): 265.     CrossRef
  • Surgical and Pathological Challenges in Thyroidectomy after Thermal Ablation of Thyroid Nodules
    Ting-Chun Kuo, Kuen-Yuan Chen, Hsiang-Wei Hu, Jie-Yang Jhuang, Ming-Tsan Lin, Chin-Hao Chang, Ming-Hsun Wu
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Article image
What’s new in neuropathology 2024: CNS WHO 5th edition updates
Heather Smith, Jared T. Ahrendsen
J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(6):346-349.   Published online September 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.09.11
  • 17,576 View
  • 1,044 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • 6 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
The fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Central Nervous System (CNS) Tumors was released in 2021, just five years following the updated fourth edition. Advanced molecular testing such as next-generation sequencing, RNA fusion analysis, and DNA methylation profiling has led to more precise grading and classification of pre-existing tumor types as well as the recognition of new ones. Herein, we outline the major updates of the 2021 WHO Classification of CNS tumors, with emphasis on the expanded molecular characterization of CNS tumors.

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Review
Article image
Interpretation of PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer: summary of a consensus meeting of Korean gastrointestinal pathologists
Soomin Ahn, Yoonjin Kwak, Gui Young Kwon, Kyoung-Mee Kim, Moonsik Kim, Hyunki Kim, Young Soo Park, Hyeon Jeong Oh, Kyoungyul Lee, Sung Hak Lee, Hye Seung Lee
J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(3):103-116.   Published online April 25, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.03.15
  • 16,139 View
  • 661 Download
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Nivolumab plus chemotherapy in the first-line setting has demonstrated clinical efficacy in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative advanced or metastatic gastric cancer, and is currently indicated as a standard treatment. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is an important biomarker for predicting response to anti–programmed death 1/PD-L1 agents in several solid tumors, including gastric cancer. In the CheckMate-649 trial, significant clinical improvements were observed in patients with PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS) ≥ 5, determined using the 28-8 pharmDx assay. Accordingly, an accurate interpretation of PD-L1 CPS, especially at a cutoff of 5, is important. The CPS method evaluates both immune and tumor cells and provides a comprehensive assessment of PD-L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment of gastric cancer. However, CPS evaluation has several limitations, one of which is poor interobserver concordance among pathologists. Despite these limitations, clinical indications relying on PD-L1 CPS are increasing. In response, Korean gastrointestinal pathologists held a consensus meeting for the interpretation of PD-L1 CPS in gastric cancer. Eleven pathologists reviewed 20 PD-L1 slides with a CPS cutoff close to 5, stained with the 28-8 pharmDx assay, and determined the consensus scores. The issues observed in discrepant cases were discussed. In this review, we present cases of gastric cancer with consensus PD-L1 CPS. In addition, we briefly touch upon current practices and clinical issues associated with assays used for the assessment of PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer.

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    Carolina Martinez-Ciarpaglini, María Ortega, Sandra Pérez-Buira, Aitana Bolea, Beatriz Casado Guerra, Carmen Herencia Bellido, Paula Tornero Piñero, Dolores Naranjo-Hans, Brenda Palomar, Hernán Quiceno, Amanda Sardón Fernández, Ariadna Torner Calvo, Feder
    Virchows Archiv.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Distinct clinicopathological and survival profiles of CLDN18.2 and PD-L1 expression in advanced gastric cancer and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma
    D.R. Castillo, M. Guo, P. Shah, M. Hazeltin, D. Tai, F. Al-Manaseer, S. Mlamba, D. Perez, S. Yeremian, S. Guzman, R. Mannan, C. Crook, C. Lau, N. Tawar, G. Brar, M. Raoof, Y. Woo, S.P. Wu, D. Li
    ESMO Gastrointestinal Oncology.2025; 10: 100261.     CrossRef
  • PD-L1 thresholds predict efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition in first-line treatment of advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. A systematic review and meta-analysis of seven phase III randomized trials
    V. Formica, C. Morelli, L. Fornaro, S. Riondino, M. Rofei, E. Fontana, E.C. Smyth, M. Roselli, H.-T. Arkenau
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Original Article
Article image
Diagnostic proficiency test using digital cytopathology and comparative assessment of whole slide images of cytologic samples for quality assurance program in Korea
Yosep Chong, Soon Auck Hong, Hoon Kyu Oh, Soo Jin Jung, Bo-Sung Kim, Ji Yun Jeong, Ho-Chang Lee, Gyungyub Gong
J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(5):251-264.   Published online August 24, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.07.17
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
The Korean Society for Cytopathology introduced a digital proficiency test (PT) in 2021. However, many doubtful opinions remain on whether digitally scanned images can satisfactorily present subtle differences in the nuclear features and chromatin patterns of cytological samples.
Methods
We prepared 30 whole-slide images (WSIs) from the conventional PT archive by a selection process for digital PT. Digital and conventional PT were performed in parallel for volunteer institutes, and the results were compared using feedback. To assess the quality of cytological assessment WSIs, 12 slides were collected and scanned using five different scanners, with four cytopathologists evaluating image quality through a questionnaire.
Results
Among the 215 institutes, 108 and 107 participated in glass and digital PT, respectively. No significant difference was noted in category C (major discordance), although the number of discordant cases was slightly higher in the digital PT group. Leica, 3DHistech Pannoramic 250 Flash, and Hamamatsu NanoZoomer 360 systems showed comparable results in terms of image quality, feature presentation, and error rates for most cytological samples. Overall satisfaction was observed with the general convenience and image quality of digital PT.
Conclusions
As three-dimensional clusters are common and nuclear/chromatin features are critical for cytological interpretation, careful selection of scanners and optimal conditions are mandatory for the successful establishment of digital quality assurance programs in cytology.

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    Chang Gok Woo, Seung‐Myoung Son, Hye‐Kyung Hwang, Jung‐Sil Bae, Ok‐Jun Lee, Ho‐Chang Lee
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    Yihui Yang, Dongyi Xian, Lihua Yu, Yanqing Kong, Huaisheng Lv, Liujing Huang, Kai Liu, Hao Zhang, Weiwei Wei, Hongping Tang
    Cytopathology.2025; 36(2): 156.     CrossRef
  • National quality assurance program using digital cytopathology: a 5-year digital transformation experience by the Korean Society for Cytopathology
    Yosep Chong, Hyeong Ju Kwon, Soon Auck Hong, Sung Soon Kim, Bo-Sung Kim, Younghee Choi, Yoon Jung Choi, Jung-Soo Pyo, Ji Yun Jeong, Soo Jin Jung, Hoon Kyu Oh, Seung-Sook Lee
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2025; 59(5): 320.     CrossRef
  • Integration of Digital Cytology in Quality Assurance Programs for Cytopathology
    Yosep Chong, Maria Jesús Fernández Aceñero, Zaibo Li, Andrey Bychkov
    Acta Cytologica.2025; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Validation of digital image slides for diagnosis in cervico-vaginal cytology
    Francisco Tresserra, Gemma Fabra, Olga Luque, Miriam Castélla, Carla Gómez, Carmen Fernández-Cid, Ignacio Rodríguez
    Revista Española de Patología.2024; 57(3): 182.     CrossRef
  • Improved Diagnostic Accuracy of Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology with Artificial Intelligence Technology
    Yujin Lee, Mohammad Rizwan Alam, Hongsik Park, Kwangil Yim, Kyung Jin Seo, Gisu Hwang, Dahyeon Kim, Yeonsoo Chung, Gyungyub Gong, Nam Hoon Cho, Chong Woo Yoo, Yosep Chong, Hyun Joo Choi
    Thyroid®.2024; 34(6): 723.     CrossRef
Case Study
Article image
Thyroid pathology, a clue to PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome
Yurimi Lee, Young Lyun Oh
J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(3):178-183.   Published online March 30, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.03.04
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) is a hereditary disorder caused by germline inactivating mutations in the PTEN tumor suppressor gene. As a type of PHTS, Cowden syndrome is associated with abnormalities of the thyroid, breast, uterus, and gastrointestinal tract. A 52-year-old-woman visited the outpatient clinic of our endocrinology clinic with multiple thyroid nodules and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Computed tomography imaging revealed a multinodular mass measuring up to 3.5 cm in the left thyroid lobe, causing laryngotracheal airway displacement. The total thyroidectomy specimen revealed multiple follicular adenomas and adenomatous nodules with lymphocytic thyroiditis and lipomatous metaplasia in the background. The patient was suspected of PTHS based on her thyroid pathology, family history, and numerous hamartomatous lesions of the breast, uterus, and skin. Her diagnosis was confirmed through molecular testing. This case demonstrates that pathologists must be well acquainted with thyroid pathology in PHTS.

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  • A clinical case of papillary thyroid cancer associated with a PTEN gene defect
    R. A. Atanesyan, L. Ja. Klimov, T. M. Vdovina, G. A. Saneeva, E. I. Andreeva, I. A. Stremenkova, R. I. Arakelyan, I. K. Gasparyan
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  • Pediatric cancer predisposition syndromes involving non-central nervous system solid pediatric tumors: a review on their manifestations with a focus on histopathology
    B. Schurink, M. Reyes-Múgica, R. R. de Krijger
    Virchows Archiv.2025; 486(1): 3.     CrossRef
  • Dedifferentiated Leiomyosarcoma of the Uterine Corpus with Heterologous Component: Clinicopathological Analysis of Five Consecutive Cases from a Single Institution and Comprehensive Literature Review
    Suyeon Kim, Hyunsik Bae, Hyun-Soo Kim
    Diagnostics.2024; 14(2): 160.     CrossRef
  • Case report: Rare oral manifestations in Cowden syndrome with PTEN mutation
    Wei Yuan, Yanbin Liu, Haibin Sun, Ming Su, Lizheng Qin, Xin Huang
    Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Can thyroid histomorphology identify patients with PTEN hamartoma tumour syndrome?
    Melad N Dababneh, Laura Rabinowitz, Gilman Plitt, Charis Eng, Christopher C Griffith
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    Yanli Zhao
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Original Articles
Article image
TERT mutations and aggressive histopathologic characteristics of radioiodine-refractory papillary thyroid cancer
Ju Yeon Pyo, Yoon Jin Cha, SoonWon Hong
J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(6):310-320.   Published online September 12, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.07.29
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Radioiodine (RI) ablation following thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression is an effective treatment for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), typically leading to favorable outcomes. However, RI-refractory tumors exhibit aggressive behavior and poor prognoses. Recent studies highlight the role of genetic abnormalities in PTC signaling pathways, including the activation of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), and the correlation of mutations with adverse outcomes.
Methods
This study analyzed mutations in BRAF V600E and the TERT-promoter genes, comparing clinicopathological features between RI-refractory and RI-responsive PTCs. Among 82 RI-refractory patients, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from initial surgeries were available for 26. Another 89 without distant metastasis over 5 years formed a matched RI-responsive control group.
Results
Histopathologically, RI-refractory PTCs showed increased frequencies of small tumor clusters without fibrovascular cores, hobnail features, and a high height-to-width ratio of tumor cells. These tumors were more likely to exhibit necrosis, mitosis, lymph node metastasis, extrathyroidal extension, and involvement of resection margins. TERT-promoter mutations were statistically significantly associated with these aggressive clinicopathologic features. Immunohistochemically, decreased expression of sodium iodide symporter and thyroglobulin stimulating hormone receptor proteins was common in RI-refractory PTCs, along with lower levels of oncogenic proteins such as vascular endothelial cell growth factor, vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor 2, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells. Total loss of PTEN expression was occasionally observed. In contrast, all cases tested positive for cytoplasmic β-catenin.
Conclusions
RI-refractory PTCs are linked to TERT mutations and exhibit specific aggressive histopathologic features, particularly in tumor centers.

Citations

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  • Characterizing thyroid carcinomas in the elderly: Histological subtypes and TERT promoter mutation analysis based on the latest WHO classification
    Myoung Ju Koh, Songmi Noh, Jin Kyong Kim, Gi Jeong Kim
    Annals of Diagnostic Pathology.2026; 80: 152578.     CrossRef
  • The ability of anexelekto (AXL) expression and TERT promoter mutation to predict radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid carcinoma
    Hasrayati Agustina, Tutik Nur Ayni, Yohana Azhar, Erwin Affandi Soeriadi, Bethy Suryawathy Hernowo
    Diagnostic Pathology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Clinicopathologic characteristics of papillary thyroid carcinoma, tall cell subtype and subtype with tall cell features, an institutional experience
    Xueting Jin, Shunsuke Koga, Xiao Zhou, Niaz Z. Khan, Zubair W. Baloch
    Human Pathology.2025; 161: 105867.     CrossRef
  • Calcifying nested stromal-epithelial tumor of the liver: Report of two cases revealing novel WT1 mutation and distinct epigenetic features
    Andrea Strakova-Peterikova, Franco Fedeli, Boris Rychly, Jiri Soukup, Michael Michal, Petr Martinek, Marian Grendar, Elaheh Mosaieby, Nikola Ptakova, Maryna Slisarenko, Michal Michal, Kvetoslava Michalova
    Virchows Archiv.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction in thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer
    Stefano Iuliano, Maria Mirabelli, Stefania Giuliano, Antonio Brunetti
    Current Opinion in Oncology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Article image
BRCA-mutated gastric adenocarcinomas are associated with chromosomal instability and responsiveness to platinum-based chemotherapy
Ji Hyun Oh, Chang Ohk Sung, Hyung-Don Kim, Sung-Min Chun, Jihun Kim
J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(6):323-331.   Published online November 14, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.10.22
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
Homologous recombination defect is an important biomarker of chemotherapy in certain tumor types, and the presence of pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations involving BRCA1 or BRCA2 (p-BRCA) mutations is the most well-established marker for the homologous recombination defect. Gastric cancer, one of the most prevalent tumor types in Asia, also harbors p-BRCA mutations.
Methods
To investigate the clinical significance of p-BRCA mutations, we analyzed 366 gastric cancer cases through next-generation sequencing. We determined the zygosity of p-BRCA mutations based on the calculated tumor purity through variant allelic fraction patterns and investigated whether the presence of p-BRCA mutations is associated with platinum-based chemotherapy and a certain molecular subtype.
Results
Biallelic p-BRCA mutation was associated with better response to platinum-based chemotherapy than heterozygous p-BRCA mutation or wild type BRCA genes. The biallelic p-BRCA mutations was observed only in the chromosomal instability subtype, while all p-BRCA mutations were heterozygous in microsatellite instability subtype.
Conclusions
In conclusion, patients with gastric cancer harboring biallelic p-BRCA mutations were associated with a good initial response to platinum-based chemotherapy and those tumors were exclusively chromosomal instability subtype. Further investigation for potential association with homologous recombination defect is warranted.

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  • Risk prediction criteria for the primary hepatic perivascular epithelioid cell tumour family, including angiomyolipoma: analysis of 132 cases with a literature review
    Youngeun Yoo, Jihun Kim, In Hye Song
    Histopathology.2025; 86(6): 979.     CrossRef
  • Presence of RB1 or Absence of LRP1B Mutation Predicts Poor Overall Survival in Patients with Gastric Neuroendocrine Carcinoma and Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma
    In Hye Song, Bokyung Ahn, Young Soo Park, Deok Hoon Kim, Seung-Mo Hong
    Cancer Research and Treatment.2025; 57(2): 492.     CrossRef
  • Predictive value of homologous recombination-related gene mutations in survival outcomes of first-line nivolumab plus chemotherapy for gastric cancer
    Yuna Lee, Hyung-Don Kim, Sun Young Lee, Hyungeun Lee, Jaewon Hyung, Meesun Moon, Jinho Shin, Young Soo Park, Tae Won Kim, Min-Hee Ryu
    Gastric Cancer.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association of RAD51 expression with response to neoadjuvant treatment and prognosis in locally advanced gastric cancer
    Serhat Sekmek, Serhat Ozan, Fahriye Tugba Kos, Hayriye Tatli Dogan, Mehmet Akif Parlar, Didem Sener Dede
    Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy.2025; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Artificial intelligence algorithm for neoplastic cell percentage estimation and its application to copy number variation in urinary tract cancer
    Jinahn Jeong, Deokhoon Kim, Yeon-Mi Ryu, Ja-Min Park, Sun Young Yoon, Bokyung Ahn, Gi Hwan Kim, Se Un Jeong, Hyun-Jung Sung, Yong Il Lee, Sang-Yeob Kim, Yong Mee Cho
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2024; 58(5): 229.     CrossRef
Article image
Loss of aquaporin-1 expression is associated with worse clinical outcomes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: an immunohistochemical study
Seokhyeon Lee, Bohyun Kim, Minsun Jung, Kyung Chul Moon
J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(4):232-237.   Published online July 11, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.06.17
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Aquaporin (AQP) expression has been investigated in various malignant neoplasms, and the overexpression of AQP is related to poor prognosis in some malignancies. However, the expression of AQP protein in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has not been extensively investigated by immunohistochemistry with large sample size.
Methods
We evaluated the AQP expression in 827 ccRCC with immunohistochemical staining in tissue microarray blocks and classified the cases into two categories, high and low expression.
Results
High expression of aquaporin-1 (AQP1) was found in 320 cases (38.7%), but aquaporin-3 was not expressed in ccRCC. High AQP1 expression was significantly related to younger age, low TNM stage, low World Health Organization/International Society of Urologic Pathology nuclear grade, and absence of distant metastasis. Furthermore, high AQP1 expression was also significantly associated with longer overall survival (OS; p<.001) and progression-specific survival (PFS; p<.001) and was an independent predictor of OS and PFS in ccRCC.
Conclusions
Our study revealed the prognostic significance of AQP1 protein expression in ccRCC. These findings could be applied to predict the prognosis of ccRCC.

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  • Construction and validation of renal cell carcinoma tumor cell differentiation-related prognostic classification (RCC-TCDC): an integrated bioinformatic analysis and clinical study
    Yifan Liu, Keqin Dong, Yuntao Yao, Bingnan Lu, Lei Wang, Guo Ji, Haoyu Zhang, Zihui Zhao, Xinyue Yang, Runzhi Huang, Wang Zhou, Xiuwu Pan, Xingang Cui
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    Vignesh Krishnasamy, Lalhmingliana, Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar
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    César Gaspari, Carine Beaupere, Seth Richard, Estanislao Peixoto, Bouchra Lekbaby, Mirko Minini, Branko Dubravcic, Javier Vaquero, Marie Vallette, Ander Arbelaiz, Marion Janona, Corentin Louis, Pauline Le Gall, Cédric Coulouarn, Julieta Marrone, Juan Abra
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  • Serum Exosomal MiR-874 as a Potential Biomarker for Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis
    Amal F. Gharib, Saad S. Al-Shehri, Abdulraheem Almalki, Ayman Alhazmi, Mamdouh Allahyani, Ahmed Alghamdi, Amani A. Alrehaili, Maha M. Bakhuraysah, Althobaiti Naif Saad M., Weal H. Elsawy
    Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
Article image
Identification of invasive subpopulations using spatial transcriptome analysis in thyroid follicular tumors
Ayana Suzuki, Satoshi Nojima, Shinichiro Tahara, Daisuke Motooka, Masaharu Kohara, Daisuke Okuzaki, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Eiichi Morii
J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(1):22-28.   Published online January 10, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.11.21
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Follicular tumors include follicular thyroid adenomas and carcinomas; however, it is difficult to distinguish between the two when the cytology or biopsy material is obtained from a portion of the tumor. The presence or absence of invasion in the resected material is used to differentiate between adenomas and carcinomas, which often results in the unnecessary removal of the adenomas. If nodules that may be follicular thyroid carcinomas are identified preoperatively, active surveillance of other nodules as adenomas is possible, which reduces the risk of surgical complications and the expenses incurred during medical treatment. Therefore, we aimed to identify biomarkers in the invasive subpopulation of follicular tumor cells.
Methods
We performed a spatial transcriptome analysis of a case of follicular thyroid carcinoma and examined the dynamics of CD74 expression in 36 cases.
Results
We identified a subpopulation in a region close to the invasive area, and this subpopulation expressed high levels of CD74. Immunohistochemically, CD74 was highly expressed in the invasive and peripheral areas of the tumor.
Conclusions
Although high CD74 expression has been reported in papillary and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas, it has not been analyzed in follicular thyroid carcinomas. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of CD74 expression in thyroid tumors has not yet been reported. The CD74-positive subpopulation identified in this study may be useful in predicting invasion of follicular thyroid carcinomas.

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  • Diagnosis of invasive encapsulated follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma by protein-based machine learning
    Truong Phan-Xuan Nguyen, Minh-Khang Le, Sittiruk Roytrakul, Shanop Shuangshoti, Nakarin Kitkumthorn, Somboon Keelawat
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2025; 59(1): 39.     CrossRef
  • Spatial Transcriptomics in Thyroid Cancer: Applications, Limitations, and Future Perspectives
    Chaerim Song, Hye-Ji Park, Man S. Kim
    Cells.2025; 14(12): 936.     CrossRef
  • A New Tool to Decrease Interobserver Variability in Biomarker Annotation in Solid Tumor Tissue for Spatial Transcriptomic Analysis
    Sravya Palavalasa, Emily Baker, Jack Freeman, Aditri Gokul, Weihua Zhou, Dafydd Thomas, Wajd N. Al-Holou, Meredith A. Morgan, Theodore S. Lawrence, Daniel R. Wahl
    Current Issues in Molecular Biology.2025; 47(7): 531.     CrossRef
  • Carbonic Anhydrase 12 as a Novel Prognostic Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for High‐Risk Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
    Masashi Tanida, Tsuyoshi Takashima, Shinichiro Tahara, Masaharu Kohara, Haruka Kanai, Masami Suzuki, Motoyuki Suzuki, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Ayana Suzuki, Shinya Sato, Daisuke Okuzaki, Satoshi Nojima, Takahiro Matsui, Hidenori Inohara, Eiichi Morii
    Cancer Science.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Article image
Tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes evaluated using digital image analysis predict the prognosis of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Yunjoo Cho, Jiyeon Lee, Bogyeong Han, Sang Eun Yoon, Seok Jin Kim, Won Seog Kim, Junhun Cho
J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(1):12-21.   Published online January 10, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.11.02
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
The implication of the presence of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TIL-T) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is yet to be elucidated. We aimed to investigate the effect of TIL-T levels on the prognosis of patients with DLBCL.
Methods
Ninety-six patients with DLBCL were enrolled in the study. The TIL-T ratio was measured using QuPath, a digital pathology software package. The TIL-T ratio was investigated in three foci (highest, intermediate, and lowest) for each case, resulting in TIL-T–Max, TIL-T–Intermediate, and TIL-T–Min. The relationship between the TIL-T ratios and prognosis was investigated.
Results
When 19% was used as the cutoff value for TIL-T–Max, 72 (75.0%) and 24 (25.0%) patients had high and low TIL-T–Max, respectively. A high TIL-T–Max was significantly associated with lower serum lactate dehydrogenase levels (p < .001), with patient group who achieved complete remission after RCHOP therapy (p < .001), and a low-risk revised International Prognostic Index score (p < .001). Univariate analysis showed that patients with a low TIL-T–Max had a significantly worse prognosis in overall survival compared to those with a high TIL-T–Max (p < .001); this difference remained significant in a multivariate analysis with Cox proportional hazards (hazard ratio, 7.55; 95% confidence interval, 2.54 to 22.42; p < .001).
Conclusions
Patients with DLBCL with a high TIL-T–Max showed significantly better prognosis than those with a low TIL-T–Max, and the TIL-T–Max was an independent indicator of overall survival. These results suggest that evaluating TIL-T ratios using a digital pathology system is useful in predicting the prognosis of patients with DLBCL.

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    Valerie J. Poirier, Valeria Meier, Michelle Turek, Neil Christensen, Jacqueline Bowal, Matthew D. Ponzini, Stefan M. Keller
    Veterinary and Comparative Oncology.2025; 23(1): 82.     CrossRef
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    Yun-Li Xie, Long-Feng Ke, Wen-Wen Zhang, Fu Kang, Shu-Yi Lu, Chen-Yu Wu, Huan-Huan Zhu, Jian-Chao Wang, Gang Chen, Yan-Ping Chen
    Blood and Lymphatic Cancer: Targets and Therapy.2025; Volume 15: 167.     CrossRef
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    Chengqian Chen, Wei Guo, Haotian Wang, Luming Cao, Ou Bai
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    Ming Xu, Ming Ruan, Wenhua Zhu, Jiayue Xu, Ling Lin, Weili Li, Weirong Zhu
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Case Report
Article image
Metallic implant-associated lymphoma: ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma associated with total knee replacement arthroplasty
Jai-Hyang Go
J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(1):75-78.   Published online January 10, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.10.30
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Metallic implant-associated lymphomas are extremely rare. Only seven cases have been reported in association with knee joint arthroplasty, and all tumors were large B-cell lymphomas. This report is the first case of anaplastic large cell lymphoma occurring after total knee replacement arthroplasty. An 80‑year‑old female patient was admitted because of right knee pain for 2 years. She had undergone total knee replacement arthroplasty 10 years prior. Computed tomography showed an irregular osteolytic lesion in the right lateral femoral condyle, adjacent to the metallic prosthesis. Histologic findings reveal sheets of anaplastic tumor cells that were positive for CD2, CD4, CD5, CD43, and CD30 but negative for CD3, CD20, CD15, and anaplastic lymphoma kinase. Epstein-Barr encoding region in situ hybridization was negative. Analysis of T-cell receptor γ gene rearrangement studies using BIOMED-2–based multiplex polymerase chain reaction confirmed monoclonal T cell proliferation. The woman was finally diagnosed with ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma.

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    Bramasto Purbo Sejati, Ahmad Kusumaatmaja, Maria Goreti Widiastuti, Tetiana Haniastuti
    Case Reports in Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Belloso Rosa Izu, Rodriguez Blandon Jurvist Stee, Peña Nekane Martinez, Colunga Barbara Lada, Izaguirre Ane Lobato, Apraiz Isabel Gainza, Ponsa Carla Valenti
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  • Primary bone diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (PB‐DLBCL): a distinct extranodal lymphoma of germinal centre origin, with a common EZB‐like mutational profile and good prognosis
    Vanesa‐Sindi Ivanova, John Davies, Thomas Menter, Damian Wild, Anne Müller, Fatime Krasniqi, Frank Stenner, Alexandros Papachristofilou, Stefan Dirnhofer, Alexandar Tzankov
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    Pablo Martínez-Collado, Oriol Pujol, Andrés Bustos, Martí Plomer, María G. Carrasco, Tulio Silva, Roberto Vélez, Joan Minguell
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Original Articles
Article image
Low Ki-67 labeling index is a clinically useful predictive factor for recurrence-free survival in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma
Takashi Masui, Katsunari Yane, Ichiro Ota, Kennichi Kakudo, Tomoko Wakasa, Satoru Koike, Hirotaka Kinugawa, Ryuji Yasumatsu, Tadashi Kitahara
J Pathol Transl Med. 2025;59(2):115-124.   Published online February 18, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.11.08
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
We report a new risk stratification of invasive stage papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) by combining invasive status, using extrathyroid invasion (Ex) status, and tumor growth speed using the Ki-67 labeling index (LI). Methods: We examined tumor recurrence in 167 patients with PTC who were surgically treated at the Kindai University Nara Hospital between 2010 and 2022. The patients were classified according to the degree of invasion [negative (Ex0) or positive (Ex1, Ex2, and Ex3)] and tumor growth speed expressed with Ki-67 LI, as low (<5%) or high (>5%). This study confirmed previous findings that the disease-free survival (DFS) rate in PTCs significantly differed between patients with a high and low Ki-67 index. Results: When combining Ex status (negative or positive) and Ki-67 proliferation status (low or high), the DFS rate of invasion in the negative, low Ki-67 LI group was only 1.1%, while that of invasion in the positive, high Ki-67 LI was 44.1%. This study reports for the first time that recurrence risks can be stratified accurately when combining carcinoma’s essential two features of extrathyroid invasion status and tumor growth speed. Conclusions: We believe the evidence for low tumor recurrence risk may contribute to use of more conservative treatment options for invasive-stage PTCs and help alleviate patient anxiety about tumor recurrence and death.

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  • Research Progress on the Correlation between Three Biomarkers, Ki-67, CAIX and VEGF and Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
    锦容 马
    Advances in Clinical Medicine.2025; 15(09): 326.     CrossRef
  • Immunophenotypic Panel for Comprehensive Characterization of Aggressive Thyroid Carcinomas
    Mihail Ceausu, Mihai Alin Publik, Dana Terzea, Carmen Adina Cristea, Dumitru Ioachim, Dana Manda, Sorina Schipor
    Cells.2025; 14(19): 1554.     CrossRef
  • High Ki-67 labeling index correlates with aggressive clinicopathological features in papillary thyroid carcinoma: a retrospective study
    Defi Nurlia Erdian, Maria Francisca Ham, Dina Khoirunnisa, Agnes Stephanie Harahap
    Thyroid Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Article image
PLUNC downregulates the expression of PD-L1 by inhibiting the interaction of DDX17/β-catenin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Ranran Feng, Yilin Guo, Meilin Chen, Ziying Tian, Yijun Liu, Su Jiang, Jieyu Zhou, Qingluan Liu, Xiayu Li, Wei Xiong, Lei Shi, Songqing Fan, Guiyuan Li, Wenling Zhang
J Pathol Transl Med. 2025;59(1):68-83.   Published online January 15, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.11.27
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is characterized by high programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and abundant infiltration of non-malignant lymphocytes, which renders patients potentially suitable candidates for immune checkpoint blockade therapies. Palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone (PLUNC) inhibit the growth of NPC cells and enhance cellular apoptosis and differentiation. Currently, the relationship between PLUNC (as a tumor-suppressor) and PD-L1 in NPC is unclear.
Methods
We collected clinical samples of NPC to verify the relationship between PLUNC and PD-L1. PLUNC plasmid was transfected into NPC cells, and the variation of PD-L1 was verified by western blot and immunofluorescence. In NPC cells, we verified the relationship of PD-L1, activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), and β-catenin by western blot and immunofluorescence. Later, we further verified that PLUNC regulates PD-L1 through β-catenin. Finally, the effect of PLUNC on β-catenin was verified by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP).
Results
We found that PLUNC expression was lower in NPC tissues than in paracancer tissues. PD-L1 expression was opposite to that of PLUNC. Western blot and immunofluorescence showed that β-catenin could upregulate ATF3 and PD-L1, while PLUNC could downregulate ATF3/PD-L1 by inhibiting the expression of β-catenin. PLUNC inhibits the entry of β-catenin into the nucleus. Co-IP experiments demonstrated that PLUNC inhibited the interaction of DEAD-box helicase 17 (DDX17) and β-catenin.
Conclusions
PLUNC downregulates the expression of PD-L1 by inhibiting the interaction of DDX17/β-catenin in NPC.

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  • The Potential Role of SP-G and PLUNC in Tumor Pathogenesis and Wound Healing in the Human Larynx
    Aurelius Scheer, Lars Bräuer, Markus Eckstein, Heinrich Iro, Friedrich Paulsen, Fabian Garreis, Martin Schicht, Antoniu-Oreste Gostian
    Biomedicines.2025; 13(5): 1240.     CrossRef
  • Role of DEAD/DEAH-box helicases in immunity, infection and cancers
    Rex Devasahayam Arokia Balaya, Saptami Kanekar, Shreya Kumar, Richard K. Kandasamy
    Cell Communication and Signaling.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • CHIP modulates Wnt/β-catenin signalling in colorectal cancer through proteasomal degradation of DDX17
    Sunny Kumar, Sayani Ghosh, Malini Basu, Mrinal K. Ghosh
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research.2025; 1872(8): 120049.     CrossRef
Review
Article image
Next step of molecular pathology: next-generation sequencing in cytology
Ricella Souza da Silva, Fernando Schmitt
J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(6):291-298.   Published online November 7, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.10.22
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AbstractAbstract PDF
The evolving landscape of precision oncology underscores the pivotal shift from morphological diagnosis to treatment decisions driven by molecular profiling. Recent guidelines from the European Society for Medical Oncology recomend the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) across a broader range of cancers, reflecting its superior efficiency and clinical value. NGS not only updates oncology testing by offering quicker, sample-friendly, and sensitive analysis but also reduces the need for multiple individual tests. Cytology samples, often obtained through less invasive methods, can yield high-quality genetic material suitable for molecular analysis. This article focuses on optimizing the use of cytology samples in NGS, and outlines their potential benefits in identifying actionable molecular alterations for targeted therapies across various solid tumors. It also addresses the need for validation studies and the strategies to incorporate or combine different types of samples into routine clinical practice. Integrating cytological and liquid biopsies into routine clinical practice, alongside conventional tissue biopsies, offers a comprehensive approach to tumor genotyping, early disease detection, and monitoring of therapeutic responses across various solid tumor types. For comprehensive biomarker characterization, all patient specimens, although limited, is always valuable.

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  • The World Health Organization Reporting System for Lymph Node, Spleen, and Thymus Cytopathology: Part 1 – Lymph Node
    Immacolata Cozzolino, Mats Ehinger, Maria Calaminici, Andrea Ronchi, Mousa A. Al-Abbadi, Helena Barroca, Beata Bode-Lesniewska, David F. Chhieng, Ruth L. Katz, Oscar Lin, L. Jeffrey Medeiros, Martha Bishop Pitman, Arvind Rajwanshi, Fernando C. Schmitt, Ph
    Acta Cytologica.2025; : 1.     CrossRef
  • The impact of cytological preparation techniques on RNA quality: A comparative study on smear samples
    Cisel Aydin Mericoz, Gulsum Caylak, Elif Sevin Sanioglu, Zeynep Seçil Satilmis, Ayse Humeyra Dur Karasayar, Ibrahim Kulac
    Cancer Cytopathology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Reimagining cytopathology in the molecular era: Integration or fragmentation?
    Sumanta Das, R. Naveen Kumar, Biswajit Dey, Pranjal Kalita
    Cytojournal.2025; 22: 94.     CrossRef
Case Studies
Article image
Uncommon granulomatous manifestation in Epstein-Barr virus–positive follicular dendritic cell sarcoma: a case report
Henry Goh Di Shen, Yue Zhang, Wei Qiang Leow
J Pathol Transl Med. 2025;59(2):133-138.   Published online October 31, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.09.27
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Hepatic Epstein-Barr virus–positive inflammatory follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (EBV+ IFDCS) represents a rare form of liver malignancy. The absence of distinct clinical and radiological characteristics, compounded by its rare occurrence, contributes to a challenging diagnosis. Here, we report a case of a 54-year-old Chinese female with a background of chronic hepatitis B virus treated with entecavir and complicated by advanced fibrosis presenting with a liver mass found on her annual surveillance ultrasound. Hepatectomy was performed under clinical suspicion of hepatocellular carcinoma. Immunomorphologic characteristics of the tumor were consistent with EBV+ IFDCS with distinct non-caseating granulomatous inflammation. Our case illustrates the importance of considering EBV+ IFDCS in the differential diagnosis of hepatic inflammatory lesions. Awareness of this entity and its characteristic features is essential for accurately diagnosing and managing this rare neoplasm.

Citations

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  • Mesenchymal Tumors of the Liver: An Update Review
    Joon Hyuk Choi, Swan N. Thung
    Biomedicines.2025; 13(2): 479.     CrossRef
  • EBV-positive inflammatory follicular dendritic cell sarcoma occurring in different organs: a case report and literature review
    Wenhua Bai, Chunfang Hu, Zheng Zhu
    Frontiers in Oncology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Spleen EBV-positive inflammatory follicular dendritic cell sarcoma: a case report and literature review
    Yi Xiao, Lanlan Li, Xiumei Zhan, Juner Xu, Yewu Chen, Qiuchan Zhao, Yinghao Fu, Xian Luo, Huadi Chen, Hao Xu
    Frontiers in Oncology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Article image
Rhabdomyosarcoma of the skull with EWSR1 fusion and ALK and cytokeratin expression: a case report
Hyeong Rok An, Kyung-Ja Cho, Sang Woo Song, Ji Eun Park, Joon Seon Song
J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(5):255-260.   Published online September 5, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.08.15
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) comprises of heterogeneous group of neoplasms that occasionally express epithelial markers on immunohistochemistry (IHC). We herein report the case of a patient who developed RMS of the skull with EWSR1 fusion and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and cytokeratin expression as cytomorphologic features. A 40-year-old man presented with a mass in his forehead. Surgical resection was performed, during which intraoperative frozen specimens were obtained. Squash cytology showed scattered or clustered spindle and epithelioid cells. IHC revealed that the resected tumor cells were positive for desmin, MyoD1, cytokeratin AE1/ AE3, and ALK. Although EWSR1 rearrangement was identified on fluorescence in situ hybridization, ALK, and TFCP2 rearrangement were not noted. Despite providing adjuvant chemoradiation therapy, the patient died of tumor progression 10 months after diagnosis. We emphasize that a subset of RMS can express cytokeratin and show characteristic histomorphology, implying the need for specific molecular examination.

Citations

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  • Rhabdomyosarcomas of Bone
    Ahmed Shah, Andrew L. Folpe
    Surgical Pathology Clinics.2025; 18(3): 503.     CrossRef
  • Review of imaging modalities and radiological findings of calvarial lesions
    Erkan Gökçe, Murat Beyhan
    World Journal of Radiology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Molecular Morphology of Telangiectatic Osteosarcoma Associated With Сystic Content: A Case Report
    David Makaridze, Armaz Mariamidze, Tamuna Gvianishvili, Giulia Ottaviani , Liana Gogiashvili
    Cureus.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Original Articles
Article image
The spectrum of microvascular patterns in adult diffuse glioma and their correlation with tumor grade
Soni , Vaishali Walke, Deepti Joshi, Tanya Sharma, Adesh Shrivastava, Amit Agrawal
J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(3):127-133.   Published online May 14, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.03.11
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Primary brain tumors constitute the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Among them, adult diffuse gliomas are the most common type, affecting the cerebral hemispheres and displaying a diffuse infiltrative pattern of growth in the surrounding neuropil that accounts for about 80% of all primary intracranial tumors. The hallmark feature of gliomas is blood vessel proliferation, which plays an important role in tumor growth, tumor biological behavior, and disease outcome. High-grade gliomas exhibit increased vascularity, the worst prognosis, and lower survival rates. Several angiogenic receptors and factors are upregulated in glioblastomas and stimulate angiogenesis signaling pathways by means of activating oncogenes and/or down-regulating tumor-suppressor genes. Existing literature has emphasized that different microvascular patterns (MVPs) are displayed in different subtypes of adult diffuse gliomas.
Methods
We examined the distribution and biological characteristics of different MVPs in 50 patients with adult diffuse gliomas. Haematoxylin and eosin staining results, along with periodic acid–Schiff and CD34 dual-stained sections, were examined to assess the vascular patterns and correlate with different grades of diffuse glioma.
Results
The present observational study on adult diffuse glioma evaluated tumor grade and MVPs. Microvascular sprouting was the most common pattern, while a bizarre pattern (type 2) was associated with the presence of a high-grade glioma. Vascular mimicry was observed in 6% of cases, all of which were grade 4 gliomas.
Conclusions
This study supplements the role of neo-angiogenesis and aberrant vasculature patterns in the grading and progression of adult diffuse gliomas, which can be future targets for planning treatment strategies.

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  • Unlocking therapeutic potential: Exploring nuclear receptors in brain cancer treatment
    Sujitha Jayaprakash, Hiu Yan Lam, Ravichandran Vishwa, Bandari BharathwajChetty, Kenneth C-H Yap, Mohammed S. Alqahtani, Mohamed Abbas, Gautam Sethi, Alan Prem Kumar, Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
    Chinese Medical Journal.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Uptake patterns of Adult-type Non-Enhanced diffuse gliomas on [11C] methionine positron emission tomography
    Shoji Yasuda, Naoya Imai, Hirohito Yano, Yuka Ikegame, Soko Ikuta, Takashi Maruyama, Noriyuki Nakayama, Morio Kumagai, Yoshihiro Muragaki, Jun Shinoda, Tsuyoshi Izumo
    Neuroradiology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Loss of Fibronectin Fiber Tension in Glioblastoma is Associated with Microvascular Proliferations and Immune Cell Infiltration
    Michele Crestani, Isabel Gerber, Arnaud Mieville, Katrin Frauenknecht, Theoni Maragkou, Tibor Hortobagyi, Viola Vogel
    Advanced Science.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Article image
Clinicopathological implications of immunohistochemical expression of TBX21, CXCR3, GATA3, CCR4, and TCF1 in nodal follicular helper T-cell lymphoma and peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified
Bogyeong Han, Sojung Lim, Jeemin Yim, Young Keun Song, Jiwon Koh, Sehui Kim, Cheol Lee, Young A Kim, Yoon Kyung Jeon
J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(2):59-71.   Published online January 22, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.01.04
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
The classification of nodal peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) has evolved according to histology, cell-of-origin, and genetic alterations. However, the comprehensive expression pattern of follicular helper T-cell (Tfh) markers, T-cell factor-1 (TCF1), and Th1- and Th2-like molecules in nodal PTCL is unclear.
Methods
Eighty-two cases of nodal PTCL were classified into 53 angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas (AITLs)/nodal T-follicular helper cell lymphoma (nTFHL)-AI, 18 PTCLs-Tfh/nTFHL–not otherwise specified (NOS), and 11 PTCLs-NOS according to the revised 4th/5th World Health Organization classifications. Immunohistochemistry for TCF1, TBX21, CXCR3, GATA3, and CCR4 was performed.
Results
TCF1 was highly expressed in up to 68% of patients with nTFHL but also in 44% of patients with PTCL-NOS (p > .05). CXCR3 expression was higher in AITLs than in non-AITLs (p = .035), whereas GATA3 expression was higher in non-AITL than in AITL (p = .007) and in PTCL-Tfh compared to AITL (p = .010). Of the cases, 70% of AITL, 44% of PTCLTfh/ nTFHL-NOS, and 36% of PTCL-NOS were subclassified as the TBX21 subtype; and 15% of AITL, 38% of PTCL-Tfh/nTFHL-NOS, and 36% of PTCL-NOS were subclassified as the GATA3 subtype. The others were an unclassified subtype. CCR4 expression was associated with poor progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with PTCL-Tfh (p < .001) and nTFHL (p = .023). The GATA3 subtype showed poor overall survival in PTCL-NOS compared to TBX21 (p = .046) and tended to be associated with poor PFS in patients with non-AITL (p = .054).
Conclusions
The TBX21 subtype was more prevalent than the GATA3 subtype in AITL. The GATA3 subtype was associated with poor prognosis in patients with non-AITL and PTCL-NOS.

Citations

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  • CXCR Family and Hematologic Malignancies in the Bone Marrow Microenvironment
    Yanquan Liu, Huanwen Tang
    Biomolecules.2025; 15(5): 716.     CrossRef
  • Diagnostic and therapeutic pathways for lymphoma patients: expert consensus through Nominal Group Technique and Delphi methodology
    Attilio Guarini, Valentina Bozzoli, Sabino Ciavarella, Michele Cimminiello, Francesca Donatelli, Angelo Fama, Vincenza Fernanda Fesce, Vincenzo Fraticelli, Francesco Gaudio, Giuseppina Greco, Augusto Martellini, Francesca Merchionne, Rosanna Maria Miccoli
    Frontiers in Oncology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prognostic Significance of TBX21 and GATA3 Subtype Classification in Indolent Adult T‐Cell Leukemia‐Lymphoma With Cutaneous Lesions
    Kazuhiro Kawai, Youhei Uchida, Takuro Kanekura
    The Journal of Dermatology.2025; 52(11): 1674.     CrossRef
Newsletter
Article image
What’s new in genitourinary pathology 2023: WHO 5th edition updates for urinary tract, prostate, testis, and penis
Bonnie Choy, Maria Tretiakova, Debra L. Zynger
J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(1):45-48.   Published online December 27, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.12.11
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AbstractAbstract PDF
The 5th edition WHO Classification of Urinary and Male Genital Tumours (2022) introduced many significant changes relevant to urologic daily practice, mainly to renal tumors which was covered in the What’s New newsletter in September 2022. In this newsletter, we summarize the notable changes to bladder, prostate, testis, and penis based on the 5th edition of the WHO.

Citations

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  • Predicting variant histology in bladder cancer: the role of multiparametric MRI and vesical imaging-reporting and data system (VI-RADS)
    Serdar Aslan, Merve Nur Tasdemir, Ertugrul Cakir, Ural Oguz, Birgul Tok
    Abdominal Radiology.2025; 50(10): 4700.     CrossRef
  • Pictorial review of multiparametric MRI in bladder urothelial carcinoma with variant histology: pearls and pitfalls
    Yuki Arita, Sungmin Woo, Lisa Ruby, Thomas C. Kwee, Keisuke Shigeta, Ryo Ueda, Sunny Nalavenkata, Hiromi Edo, Kosuke Miyai, Jeeban Das, Pamela I. Causa Andrieu, Hebert Alberto Vargas
    Abdominal Radiology.2024; 49(8): 2797.     CrossRef
  • Oncological outcomes and prognostic implications of T1 histo-anatomic substaging in the management of high-Grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: results from a large single centre series
    Marco Finati, Antonio Fanelli, Francesco Cinelli, Nicola Schiavone, Ugo Giovanni Falagario, Anna Ricapito, Nicola d’Altilia, Richard Naspro, Angelo Porreca, Felice Crocetto, Biagio Barone, Ciro Imbimbo, Carlo Bettocchi, Francesca Sanguedolce, Luigi Cormio
    World Journal of Urology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
Case Study
Article image
Intravascular NK/T-cell lymphoma: a case report and literature review
Ji Min Na, Wookjae Jung, Minhye Kim, Yun-Hong Cheon, Jong Sil Lee, Dae Hyun Song, Jung Wook Yang
J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(6):332-336.   Published online November 14, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.10.30
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Intravascular lymphoma is characterized by an exclusively intravascular distribution of tumor cells. Intravascular natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (IVNKTL) is extremely rare, highly aggressive, commonly Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–positive, and predominantly affects the skin and central nervous system. Here we report a case of IVNKTL diagnosed in a 67-year-old female, presenting with persistent intermittent fever and skin rashes throughout the body. Incisional biopsy of an erythematous lesion on the chest exhibited aggregation of medium to large-sized atypical lymphoid cells confined to the lumen of small vessels that were positive for CD3, granzyme B, and CD56 on immunohistochemistry and EBV-encoded RNA in situ hybridization. EBV DNA was also detected in serum after diagnosis. With a review of 26 cases of IVNKTL to date, we suggest that active biopsy based on EBV DNA detection may facilitate early diagnosis of IVNKTL.

Citations

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  • Intravascular Lymphoma: A Unique Pattern Underlying a Protean Disease
    Mario Della Mura, Joana Sorino, Filippo Emanuele Angiuli, Gerardo Cazzato, Francesco Gaudio, Giuseppe Ingravallo
    Cancers.2025; 17(14): 2355.     CrossRef
  • Cutaneous Intravascular Hematolymphoid Entities: A Review
    Emily Hatheway Marshall, Bethany Brumbaugh, Allison Holt, Steven T. Chen, Mai P. Hoang
    Diagnostics.2024; 14(7): 679.     CrossRef
  • CD30- and CD56-positive atypical intravascular lymphocytes of the uterine cervix, mimicking intravascular lymphoma: A case report and review of the literature
    Daisuke Yamashita, Munemichi Otani, Hayato Maruoka, Takuya Aoki, Shigeo Hara
    Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hematopathology.2024; 64(4): 328.     CrossRef
Original Articles
Article image
Elevated expression of Axin2 in intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancers
Dong Hui Lee, In Ho Jeong, Bogun Jang
J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(6):315-322.   Published online November 7, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.10.12
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
The Wnt signaling pathway regulates crucial cellular processes, including stem cell development and tissue repair. Dysregulation of this pathway, particularly β-catenin stabilization, is linked to colorectal carcinoma and other tumors. Axin2, a critical component in the pathway, plays a role in β-catenin regulation. This study examines Axin2 expression in normal gastric mucosa and various gastric pathologies.
Methods
Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue samples from normal stomach, gastritis, intestinal metaplasia (IM), and gastric carcinoma were collected. Axin2 and β-catenin expression were evaluated using RNA in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Histo-scores (H-scores) were calculated to quantify expression levels of Axin2. Associations between Axin2 expression and clinicopathological variables were examined.
Results
Axin2 expression was examined in normal stomach, gastritis, and IM tissues. Axin2 expression was mainly observed in the surface and isthmus areas in the normal stomach and gastritis, whereas Axin2 expression was markedly higher at the bases of IM. Axin2 H-scores were significantly elevated in IM (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 87.0 ± 38.9) compared to normal (mean ± SD, 18.0 ± 4.5) and gastritis tissues (mean ± SD, 33.0 ± 18.6). In total, 30% of gastric carcinomas showed higher Axin2 expression. Axin2 expression did not have significant associations with age, sex, Lauren classification, histological differentiation, invasion depth, and lymph node metastasis. However, a strong positive correlation was observed between Axin2 and nuclear β-catenin in gastric carcinomas (p < .001).
Conclusions
Axin2 expression was significantly increased in IM compared to normal and gastritis cases. In addition, Axin2 showed a strong positive association with nuclear β-catenin expression in gastric carcinomas, demonstrating a close relationship with abnormal Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Citations

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  • A review of potential mechanisms and treatments of gastric intestinal metaplasia
    Yueyao Wu, Kehan Zhang, Yichao Zheng, Haifeng Jin
    European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2025; 37(4): 383.     CrossRef
  • Refining NTRK Fusion Detection in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Through Pan-TRK Immunohistochemistry and Histopathologic Features
    Hyun Lee, Sue Youn Kim, Ji Min Park, Seung-Hyun Jung, Ozgur Mete, Chan Kwon Jung
    Endocrine Pathology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • AXIN2 variants, tooth agenesis, and cancer risk: a systematic review
    Nutthakarn Ratanasereeprasert, Narin Intarak, Chayanit Chaweewannakorn, Mushriq Abid, Anand Marya, Sung-dae Cho, Thantrira Porntaveetus
    BMC Oral Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Article image
Senescent tumor cells in colorectal cancer are characterized by elevated enzymatic activity of complexes 1 and 2 in oxidative phosphorylation
Jun Sang Shin, Tae-Gyu Kim, Young Hwa Kim, So Yeong Eom, So Hyun Park, Dong Hyun Lee, Tae Jun Park, Soon Sang Park, Jang-Hee Kim
J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(6):305-314.   Published online November 7, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.10.09
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
Cellular senescence is defined as an irreversible cell cycle arrest caused by various internal and external insults. While the metabolic dysfunction of senescent cells in normal tissue is relatively well-established, there is a lack of information regarding the metabolic features of senescent tumor cells.
Methods
Publicly available single-cell RNA-sequencing data from the GSE166555 and GSE178341 datasets were utilized to investigate the metabolic features of senescent tumor cells. To validate the single-cell RNA-sequencing data, we performed senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining to identify senescent tumor cells in fresh frozen colorectal cancer tissue. We also evaluated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase–tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity using enzyme histochemical methods and compared the staining with SA-β-Gal staining. MTT assay was performed to reveal the complex 1 activity of the respiratory chain in in-vitro senescence model.
Results
Single-cell RNA-sequencing data revealed an upregulation in the activity of complexes 1 and 2 in oxidative phosphorylation, despite overall mitochondrial dysfunction in senescent tumor cells. Both SA-β-Gal and enzyme histochemical staining using fresh frozen colorectal cancer tissues indicated a high correlation between SA-β-Gal positivity and NADH-TR/SDH staining positivity. MTT assay showed that senescent colorectal cancer cells exhibit higher absorbance in 600 nm wavelength.
Conclusions
Senescent tumor cells exhibit distinct metabolic features, characterized by upregulation of complexes 1 and 2 in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. NADH-TR and SDH staining represent efficient methods for detecting senescent tumor cells in colorectal cancer.

Citations

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  • Senescence, Aging and Disease Throughout the Gastrointestinal System
    Sofia Ferreira-Gonzalez, Tomonori Matsumoto, Eiji Hara, Stuart J. Forbes
    Gastroenterology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Cellular Aging and Senescence in Cancer: A Holistic Review of Cellular Fate Determinants
    Muhammad Tufail, Yu-Qi Huang, Jia-Ju Hu, Jie Liang, Cai-Yun He, Wen-Dong Wan, Can-Hua Jiang, Hong Wu, Ning Li
    Aging and disease.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Real-time assessment of relative mitochondrial ATP synthesis response against inhibiting and stimulating substrates (MitoRAISE)
    Eun Sol Chang, Kyoung Song, Ji-Young Song, Minjung Sung, Mi-Sook Lee, Jung Han Oh, Ji-Yeon Kim, Yeon Hee Park, Kyungsoo Jung, Yoon-La Choi
    Cancer & Metabolism.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
Case Studies
Article image
Diagnostic conundrums of schwannomas: two cases highlighting morphological extremes and diagnostic challenges in biopsy specimens of soft tissue tumors
Chankyung Kim, Yang-Guk Chung, Chan Kwon Jung
J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(5):278-283.   Published online August 24, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.07.13
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Schwannomas are benign, slow-growing peripheral nerve sheath tumors commonly occurring in the head, neck, and flexor regions of the extremities. Although most schwannomas are easily diagnosable, their variable morphology can occasionally create difficulty in diagnosis. Reporting pathologists should be aware that schwannomas can exhibit a broad spectrum of morphological patterns. Clinical and radiological examinations can show correlation and should be performed, in conjunction with ancillary tests, when appropriate. Furthermore, deferring a definitive diagnosis until excision may be necessary for small biopsy specimens and frozen sections. This report underscores these challenges through examination of two unique schwannoma cases, one predominantly cellular and the other myxoid, both of which posed significant challenges in histological interpretation.

Citations

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  • Plexiform Schwannoma Over the Anterior Chest Wall: A Clinicopathological Review
    Debojyoti Sasmal, Saswata Barenya, Hinglaj Saha, Pankaj Kumar Halder
    Amrita Journal of Medicine.2025; 21(2): 95.     CrossRef
  • Giant Retroperitoneal Schwannoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature
    Magdalena Alexieva, Evgeni V Mekov, Silvia Ivanova, Alexandrina Vlahova, Georgi Yankov
    Cureus.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Breast schwannoma: review of entity and differential diagnosis
    Sandra Ixchel Sanchez, Ashley Cimino-Mathews
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2025; 59(6): 353.     CrossRef
Article image
Hepatic small vessel neoplasm: not totally benign, not yet malignant
Madison Miranda, David Howell, Tony El Jabbour
J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(5):273-277.   Published online August 24, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.06.19
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Hepatic small vessel neoplasm (HSVN) is a rare vascular tumor with few reports in the literature. While imaging findings may show characteristic enhancement patterns, limited available literature may not reveal the full potential for image-based diagnosis. Histologically, HSVN mimics other entities, though certain morphologic and immunohistochemical findings provide clues for diagnosis. However, HSVN still provides diagnostic challenges, especially on core biopsies with limited material for morphologic and molecular evaluation. While current recommendations are surgical resection and close observation, the long-term course of the tumor is unknown. We report a case of HSVN in a liver with additional feature of organized lymphoid aggregates necessitating additional hematopathology consultation and workup to rule out concurrent entities.

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  • Mesenchymal Tumors of the Liver: An Update Review
    Joon Hyuk Choi, Swan N. Thung
    Biomedicines.2025; 13(2): 479.     CrossRef
  • Revisiting Hepatic Small Vessel Neoplasms and Anastomosing Hemangiomas as a Unique Capillary Liver Neoplasm: A 25-Case Series With Pathomolecular Correlations
    Aurélie Beaufrère, Astrid Laurent-Bellue, Antoinette Lemoine, Agnès Bourillon, Nathalie Sturm, Pierre Gosset, Virginie Cahn, Valérie Vilgrain, Maité Lewin, Valérie Paradis, Catherine Guettier
    Modern Pathology.2025; 38(10): 100835.     CrossRef
  • Imaging features of recently identified low-grade vascular neoplasia of the liver: hepatic small vessel neoplasm and anastomosing hemangioma
    Maïté Lewin, Rauda Aldhaheri, Aurélie Beaufrère, Christophe Desterke, Anita Paisant, Ivan Bricault, Paul Borde, Gabriel Simon, Mickaël Lesurtel, Daniel Cherqui, Clara Prud’Homme, Valérie Vilgrain, Astrid Laurent-Bellue
    European Radiology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Review
Article image
Trouble-makers in cytologic interpretation of the uterine cervix
Eunah Shin, Jaeeun Yu, Soon Won Hong
J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(3):139-146.   Published online May 15, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.04.25
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AbstractAbstract PDF
The development and standardization of cytologic screening of the uterine cervix has dramatically decreased the prevalence of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Advances in the understanding of biology of human papillomavirus have contributed to upgrading the histologic diagnosis of the uterine cervix; however, cytologic screening that should triage those that need further management still poses several difficulties in interpretation. Cytologic features of high grade intraepithelial squamous lesion (HSIL) mimics including atrophy, immature metaplasia, and transitional metaplasia, and glandular lesion masquerades including tubal metaplasia and HSIL with glandular involvement are described with accentuation mainly on the differential points. When the cytologic features lie in a gray zone between the differentials, the most important key to the more accurate interpretation is sticking to the very basics of cytology; screening the background and cellular architecture, and then scrutinizing the nuclear and cytoplasmic details.

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  • Risk of cervical stenosis after cervical excision in postmenopausal patients
    Eva Hauge, Line Winther Gustafson, Mette Tranberg, Pinar Bor
    European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology.2025; 308: 208.     CrossRef
  • Pitfalls in Gynecological Cytology: Review of the Common and Less Frequent Entities in Pap Test
    Danijela Vrdoljak-Mozetič, Snježana Štemberger-Papić, Damjana Verša Ostojić, Roberta Rubeša, Marko Klarić, Senija Eminović
    Acta Cytologica.2024; 68(3): 281.     CrossRef
  • Cytological features of human papillomavirus‐infected immature squamous metaplastic cells from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2
    Mitsuaki Okodo, Kaori Okayama, Koji Teruya, Ruku Shinohara, Shuichi Mizuno, Rei Settsu, Yasuyoshi Ishii, Masahiko Fujii, Hirokazu Kimura, Mizue Oda
    Journal of Medical Virology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
Original Article
Article image
Clinicopathologic characterization of cervical metastasis from an unknown primary tumor: a multicenter study in Korea
Miseon Lee, Uiree Jo, Joon Seon Song, Youn Soo Lee, Chang Gok Woo, Dong-Hoon Kim, Jung Yeon Kim, Sun Och Yoon, Kyung-Ja Cho
J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(3):166-177.   Published online May 10, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.04.12
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
Research regarding cervical metastasis from an unknown primary tumor (CUP) according to human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) status in Korea has been sporadic and small-scale. This study aims to analyze and understand the characteristics of CUP in Korea according to viral and p16 and p53 status through a multicenter study.
Methods
Ninety-five cases of CUP retrieved from six hospitals in Korea between January 2006 and December 2016 were subjected to high-risk HPV detection (DNA in situ hybridization [ISH] or real-time polymerase chain reaction), EBV detection (ISH), and immunohistochemistry for p16 and p53.
Results
CUP was HPV-related in 37 cases (38.9%), EBV-related in five cases (5.3%), and unrelated to HPV or EBV in 46 cases (48.4%). HPV-related CUP cases had the best overall survival (OS) (p = .004). According to the multivariate analysis, virus-unrelated disease (p = .023) and longer smoking duration (p < .005) were prognostic factors for poor OS. Cystic change (p = .016) and basaloid pattern (p < .001) were more frequent in HPV-related cases, and lymphoepithelial lesion was frequent in EBV-related cases (p = .010). There was no significant association between viral status and p53 positivity (p = .341), smoking status (p = .728), or smoking duration (p = .187). Korean data differ from Western data in the absence of an association among HPV, p53 positivity, and smoking history.
Conclusions
Virus-unrelated CUP in Korea had the highest frequency among all CUP cases. HPV-related CUP is similar to HPV-mediated oropharyngeal cancer and EBVrelated CUP is similar to nasopharyngeal cancer in terms of characteristics, respectively.

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  • Differenzierung von benignen und malignen Halszysten – eine diagnostische Herausforderung
    Christina Sauter, Matthias Sand, Karim Plath, Michaela Maria Plath
    Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie.2025; 104(05): 296.     CrossRef
  • Unlocking the Hidden: Advancing Imaging Techniques in Diagnosing Cancers of Unknown Primary in the Head and Neck Region
    Daniela Messineo, Filippo Valentini, Giovanni Francesco Niccolini, Federica Zoccali, Francesca Ripari, Enrico Marotta, Marcello Caratozzolo, Pasquale Frisina
    Applied Sciences.2025; 15(4): 2194.     CrossRef
  • Expansion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to assess the potential of adoptive cell therapy
    Sangjoon Choi, Mofazzal Hossain, Hyun Lee, Jina Baek, Hye Seon Park, Chae-Lyul Lim, DoYeon Han, Taehyun Park, Jong Hyeok Kim, Gyungyub Gong, Mi-Na Kweon, Hee Jin Lee
    Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
Review Article
Article image
Multiple sclerosis: a practical review for pathologists
Rachel A. Multz, Pouya Jamshidi, Jared T. Ahrendsen
J Pathol Transl Med. 2025;59(4):203-213.   Published online June 27, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2025.05.20
  • 10,705 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. It is a chronic disorder resulting in neurologic dysfunction that is disseminated both in time (multiple discrete episodes) and space (involving multiple sites). Histologically, MS is characterized by localized loss of myelin with relative preservation of axons. This review will discuss the epidemiology, clinical, laboratory, radiologic, and pathologic features of multiple sclerosis, as well as briefly touch on the differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of the disease, especially as they relate to the pathologic interpretation of tissue specimens.

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  • White Matter in Crisis: Oligodendrocytes and the Pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis
    Mario García-Domínguez
    Cells.2025; 14(18): 1408.     CrossRef
  • Tumefactive demyelinating lesions: a case report and literature review
    Raneem Jaki, Zyad Al-Frejat, Ziad Bitar
    BMC Neurology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Reviews
Article image
Professional biobanking education in Korea based on ISO 20387
Jong Ok Kim, Chungyeul Kim, Sangyong Song, Eunah Shin, Ji-Sun Song, Mee Sook Roh, Dong-chul Kim, Han-Kyeom Kim, Joon Mee Kim, Yeong Jin Choi
J Pathol Transl Med. 2025;59(1):11-25.   Published online January 15, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.11.04
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AbstractAbstract PDF
To ensure high-quality bioresources and standardize biobanks, there is an urgent need to develop and disseminate educational training programs in accordance with ISO 20387, which was developed in 2018. The standardization of biobank education programs is also required to train biobank experts. The subdivision of categories and levels of education is necessary for jobs such as operations manager (bank president), quality manager, practitioner, and administrator. Essential training includes programs tailored for beginner, intermediate, and advanced practitioners, along with customized training for operations managers. We reviewed and studied ways to develop an appropriate range of education and training opportunities for standard biobanking education and the training of experts based on KS J ISO 20387. We propose more systematic and professional biobanking training programs in accordance with ISO 20387, in addition to the certification programs of the National Biobank and the Korean Laboratory Accreditation System. We suggest various training programs appropriate to a student’s affiliation or work, such as university biobanking specialized education, short-term job training at unit biobanks, biobank research institute symposiums by the Korean Society of Pathologists, and education programs for biobankers and researchers. Through these various education programs, we expect that Korean biobanks will satisfy global standards, meet the needs of users and researchers, and contribute to the advancement of science.

Citations

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  • Development of a big data platform for collecting and utilizing clinical information from the Korea Biobank Network
    Yun Seon Im, Seol Whan Oh, Ki Hoon Kim, Wona Choi, In Young Choi
    BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Frozen section histopathology and preanalytical factors affecting nucleic acid integrity in biobanked fresh-frozen human cancer tissues
    Soungeun Kim, Jaewon Kang, Boyeon Kim, Yoonjin Kwak, Hye Seung Lee
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2025; 59(6): 398.     CrossRef
Article image
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cytology in pregnancy
Ji-Young Kim, Jeong Yun Shim
J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(6):283-290.   Published online November 7, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.10.17
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Cervical cancer screening during pregnancy presents unique challenges for cytologic interpretation. This review focuses on pregnancy-associated cytomorphological changes and their impact on diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. Pregnancy-induced alterations include navicular cells, hyperplastic endocervical cells, immature metaplastic cells, and occasional decidual cells or trophoblasts. These changes can mimic abnormalities such as koilocytosis, adenocarcinoma in situ, and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, potentially leading to misdiagnosis. Careful attention to nuclear features and awareness of pregnancy-related changes are crucial for correct interpretation. The natural history of CIN during pregnancy shows higher regression rates, particularly for CIN 2, with minimal risk of progression. Management of abnormal cytology follows modified risk-based guidelines to avoid invasive procedures, with treatment typically deferred until postpartum. The findings reported in this review emphasize the importance of considering pregnancy status in cytological interpretation, highlight potential problems, and provide guidance on differentiating benign pregnancy-related changes from true abnormalities. Understanding these nuances is essential for accurate diagnosis and proper management of cervical abnormalities in pregnant women.

Citations

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  • The significance of biological samples from pregnant women in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
    Xue Mi, Maharjan Rashmi, Zangyu Pan, Di Wu, Jinwei Miao
    Frontiers in Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Oncologic and pregnancy outcomes of cervical high-grade intraepithelial lesions and delivery mode
    Olga P. Matylevich, Ilya A. Tarasau, Sviatlana Y. Shelkovich, Aliaksandr F. Martsinkevich
    Academia Oncology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Article image
Development of CytoAcademy: a new web- and mobile-based E-learning platform for cytopathologists and cytotechnologists by the Korean Society for Cytopathology in the post-pandemic era
Ran Hong, Yosep Chong, Seung Wan Chae, Seung-Sook Lee, Gyungyub Gong
J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(6):261-264.   Published online November 7, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.10.02
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Since the late 1990s, online e-learning has offered unparalleled convenience and affordability, becoming increasingly popular among pathologists. Traditional learning theories have been successfully applied to web/mobile-based learning systems, with mobile technologies even enhancing conventional offline education. In cytopathology, hands-on microscope training has traditionally been paramount, complemented by real-case presentations and lectures. However, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted regular academic activities, making online e-learning platforms essential. We designed a web/mobile-based learning platform to enhance continued medical education in cytopathology at various levels, particularly during the era of COVID-19 and beyond. Since 2021, we have integrated curriculum materials, virtual education files, and whole-slide images (WSIs) of cytopathology, submitted from over 200 institutions across Korea, with the support of numerous instructors. We develop a new e-learning platform named “CytoAcademy” composed of a basic session for each organ and level across the range of morphologic findings; on-demand lectures to enhance cytopathologic knowledge; WSI archives that allow users to explore various histologically confirmed cases; and a self-assessment test to help organize diagnostic knowledge acquired through the web/mobile-friendly learning system. The platform provides not just an opportunity to achieve a correct diagnosis, but also a learning experience based on problem-solving point. Members interact, identify their deficiencies, and focus on specific educational materials. In this manner, all participants can actively engage in creating and maintaining knowledge and foster a proactive approach to learning.

Citations

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  • National quality assurance program using digital cytopathology: a 5-year digital transformation experience by the Korean Society for Cytopathology
    Yosep Chong, Hyeong Ju Kwon, Soon Auck Hong, Sung Soon Kim, Bo-Sung Kim, Younghee Choi, Yoon Jung Choi, Jung-Soo Pyo, Ji Yun Jeong, Soo Jin Jung, Hoon Kyu Oh, Seung-Sook Lee
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2025; 59(5): 320.     CrossRef
  • Integration of Digital Cytology in Quality Assurance Programs for Cytopathology
    Yosep Chong, Maria Jesús Fernández Aceñero, Zaibo Li, Andrey Bychkov
    Acta Cytologica.2025; : 1.     CrossRef
Original Articles
Article image
Histopathologic classification and immunohistochemical features of papillary renal neoplasm with potential therapeutic targets
Jeong Hwan Park, Su-Jin Shin, Hyun-Jung Kim, Sohee Oh, Yong Mee Cho
J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(6):321-330.   Published online September 12, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.07.31
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is the second most common histological subtype of renal cell carcinoma and is considered a morphologically and molecularly heterogeneous tumor. Accurate classification and assessment of the immunohistochemical features of possible therapeutic targets are needed for precise patient care. We aimed to evaluate immunohistochemical features and possible therapeutic targets of papillary renal neoplasms
Methods
We collected 140 papillary renal neoplasms from three different hospitals and conducted immunohistochemical studies on tissue microarray slides. We performed succinate dehydrogenase B, fumarate hydratase, and transcription factor E3 immunohistochemical studies for differential diagnosis and re-classified five cases (3.6%) of papillary renal neoplasms. In addition, we conducted c-MET, p16, c-Myc, Ki-67, p53, and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) immunohistochemical studies to evaluate their pathogenesis and value for therapeutic targets.
Results
We found that c-MET expression was more common in pRCC (classic) (p = .021) among papillary renal neoplasms and Ki-67 proliferation index was higher in pRCC (not otherwise specified, NOS) compared to that of pRCC (classic) and papillary neoplasm with reverse polarity (marginal significance, p = .080). Small subsets of cases with p16 block positivity (4.5%) (pRCC [NOS] only) and c-Myc expression (7.1%) (pRCC [classic] only) were found. Also, there were some cases showing STING expression and those cases were associated with increased Ki-67 proliferation index (marginal significance, p = .063).
Conclusions
Our findings suggested that there are subsets of pRCC with c-MET, p16, c-MYC, and STING expression and those cases could be potential candidates for targeted therapy.

Citations

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  • Tissue-Based Biomarkers Important for Prognostication and Management of Genitourinary Tumors, Including Surrogate Markers of Genomic Alterations
    Leonie Beauchamp, Shreeya Indulkar, Eric Erak, Mohammad Salimian, Andres Matoso
    Surgical Pathology Clinics.2025; 18(1): 175.     CrossRef
  • Papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity: a case report and literature review
    Diego Gonzalez, Kris Kokoneshi, Sam Kwon, Ryan Thomas Mathews, Ryan Michael Antar, Maher Ali, Abiye Kassa, Michael Whalen
    Frontiers in Oncology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Article image
Paricalcitol prevents MAPK pathway activation and inflammation in adriamycin-induced kidney injury in rats
Amanda Lima Deluque, Lucas Ferreira de Almeida, Beatriz Magalhães Oliveira, Cláudia Silva Souza, Ana Lívia Dias Maciel, Heloísa Della Coletta Francescato, Cleonice Giovanini, Roberto Silva Costa, Terezila Machado Coimbra
J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(5):219-228.   Published online August 27, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.07.12
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway induces uncontrolled cell proliferation in response to inflammatory stimuli. Adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephropathy (ADRN) in rats triggers MAPK activation and pro-inflammatory mechanisms by increasing cytokine secretion, similar to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Activation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) plays a crucial role in suppressing the expression of inflammatory markers in the kidney and may contribute to reducing cellular proliferation. This study evaluated the effect of pre-treatment with paricalcitol on ADRN in renal inflammation mechanisms.
Methods
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with an osmotic minipump containing activated vitamin D (paricalcitol, Zemplar, 6 ng/day) or vehicle (NaCl 0.9%). Two days after implantation, ADR (Fauldoxo, 3.5 mg/kg) or vehicle (NaCl 0.9%) was injected. The rats were divided into four experimental groups: control, n = 6; paricalcitol, n = 6; ADR, n = 7 and, ADR + paricalcitol, n = 7.
Results
VDR activation was demonstrated by increased CYP24A1 in renal tissue. Paricalcitol prevented macrophage infiltration in the glomeruli, cortex, and outer medulla, prevented secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β, increased arginase I and decreased arginase II tissue expressions, effects associated with attenuation of MAPK pathways, increased zonula occludens-1, and reduced cell proliferation associated with proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression. Paricalcitol treatment decreased the stromal cell-derived factor 1α/chemokine C-X-C receptor type 4/β-catenin pathway.
Conclusions
Paricalcitol plays a renoprotective role by modulating renal inflammation and cell proliferation. These results highlight potential targets for treating CKD.

Citations

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  • Perirenal fat differs in patients with chronic kidney disease receiving different vitamin D-based treatments: a preliminary study
    Ana Checa-Ros, Antonella Locascio, Owahabanun-Joshua Okojie, Pablo Abellán-Galiana, Luis D’Marco
    BMC Nephrology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Attenuating amiodarone-induced lung toxicity by the vitamin D receptor activator paricalcitol in rats: targeting TLR4/NF-κB/HIF-1α and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways
    Aamal G. El-Waseif, Mahmoud Elshal, Dalia H. El-Kashef, Nashwa M. Abu-Elsaad
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Review
Article image
Welcoming the new, revisiting the old: a brief glance at cytopathology reporting systems for lung, pancreas, and thyroid
Rita Luis, Balamurugan Thirunavukkarasu, Deepali Jain, Sule Canberk
J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(4):165-173.   Published online July 15, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.06.11
  • 3,577 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
This review addresses new reporting systems for lung and pancreatobiliary cytopathology as well as the most recent edition of The Bethesda Reporting System for Thyroid Cytopathology. The review spans past, present, and future aspects within the context of the intricate interplay between traditional morphological assessments and cutting-edge molecular diagnostics. For lung and pancreas, the authors discuss the evolution of reporting systems, emphasizing the bridge between past directives and more recent collaborative efforts of the International Academy of Cytology and the World Health Organization in shaping universal reporting systems. The review offers a brief overview of the structure of these novel systems, highlighting their strengths and pinpointing areas that require further refinement. For thyroid, the authors primarily focus on the third edition of The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology, also considering the two preceding editions. This review serves as an invaluable resource for cytopathologists, offering a panoramic view of the evolving landscape of cytopathology reporting and pointing out the integrative role of the cytopathologist in an era of rapid diagnostic and therapeutic advancements.

Citations

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  • WHO Reporting System for Lung Cytopathology: Insights Into the Insufficient/Inadequate/Non‐Diagnostic, Atypical and Suspicious for Malignancy Categories and How to Use Them
    Zahra Maleki, Sule Canberk, Andrew Field
    Cytopathology.2025; 36(5): 434.     CrossRef
  • Reproducibility of the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology (TBSRTC): An observational study of 100 patients
    Kishori Moni Panda, Reena Naik, Mohd Ghouse Mohiddin
    Indian Journal of Pathology and Oncology.2024; 11(4): 385.     CrossRef
Original Article
Article image
Single umbilical artery and associated birth defects in perinatal autopsies: prenatal diagnosis and management
Manushree Saxena, Bhagyashri Hungund
J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(5):214-218.   Published online July 9, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.07.03
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
The umbilical cord forms the connection between the fetus and the placenta at the feto-maternal interface and normally comprises two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein. In some cases, only a single umbilical artery (SUA) is present. This study was conducted to evaluate associations between SUA and other congenital malformations discovered in perinatal autopsies and to ascertain the existence of preferential associations between SUA and certain anomalies.
Methods
We evaluated records of all fetuses sent for autopsy to the Department of Pathology during the 10-year period from 2013 through 2022 (n = 1,277). The data were obtained from the hospital’s pathology laboratory records. The congenital anomalies were grouped by organ or system for analysis and included cardiovascular, urinary tract, nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, musculoskeletal, and lung anomalies.
Results
A SUA was present in 8.61% of the autopsies. The gestational age of the affected fetuses ranged between 13 to 40 weeks. An SUA presented as an isolated single anomaly in 44 cases (3.4%). Of the 110 SUA cases, 60% had other congenital anomalies. There was a significant association between birth defects and SUAs (p < .001). Strong associations between SUA and urinary tract, lung, and musculoskeletal anomalies were observed.
Conclusions
A SUA is usually seen in association with other congenital malformations rather than as an isolated defect. Therefore, examination for associated anomalies when an SUA is detected either antenatally or postnatally is imperative. The findings of this study should be helpful in counseling expectant mothers and their families in cases of SUA.

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  • Single Umbilical Artery with Symmetrical IUGR and Multiple Fetal Anomalies - An Interesting Case Report
    Amulya Choudary Kotapati, Bhargavi Khandru, Vijayasree M.
    Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences.2025; : 10.     CrossRef
  • Epidemiological and Histopathological Characteristics of Fetuses with Congenital Disorders: A Study in Greece
    Despoina Nteli, Maria Nteli, Konstantinos Konstantinidis, Maria Ouzounidou, Paschalis Theotokis, Maria-Eleni Manthou, Iasonas Dermitzakis, Xeni Miliara, Chrysoula Gouta, Stamatia Angelidou, Dimosthenis Miliaras, Soultana Meditskou
    Biology.2025; 14(6): 626.     CrossRef
Case Study
Article image
Primary epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma of the brain with EML4::ALK fusion mimicking intra-axial glioma: a case report and brief literature review
Eric Eunshik Kim, Chul-Kee Park, Koung Mi Kang, Yoonjin Kwak, Sung-Hye Park, Jae-Kyung Won
J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(3):141-145.   Published online May 14, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.04.12
  • 4,077 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
An aggressive subtype of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma occurs primarily inside the abdominal cavity, followed by a pulmonary localization. Most harbor anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements, with RANBP2 and RRBP1 among the well-documented fusion partners. We report the second case of primary epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma of the brain, with a well-known EML4::ALK fusion. The case is notable for its intra-axial presentation that clinico-radiologically mimicked glioma.

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  • Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor: An Updated Review
    Joon Hyuk Choi
    Cancers.2025; 17(8): 1327.     CrossRef
  • Ribosome‑binding protein 1: A multidimensional regulator of cancer progression and a novel target for precision therapy (Review)
    Ho Huang, Jia Ouyang
    Oncology Letters.2025; 31(1): 1.     CrossRef

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