Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Most-read articles are from the articles published in 2022 during the last three month.

Reviews

A stepwise approach to fine needle aspiration cytology of lymph nodes: Yosep Chong, Gyeongsin Park, Hee Jeong Cha, Hyun-Jung Kim, Chang Suk Kang, Jamshid Abdul-Ghafar, Seung-Sook Lee; J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(4):196-207. Published online July 11, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.06.12

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The cytological diagnosis of lymph node lesions is extremely challenging because of the diverse diseases that cause lymph node enlargement, including both benign and malignant or metastatic lymphoid lesions. Furthermore, the cytological findings of different lesions often resemble one another. A stepwise diagnostic approach is essential for a comprehensive diagnosis that combines: clinical findings, including age, sex, site, multiplicity, and ultrasonography findings; low-power reactive, metastatic, and lymphoma patterns; high-power population patterns, including two populations of continuous range, small monotonous pattern and large monotonous pattern; and disease-specific diagnostic clues including granulomas and lymphoglandular granules. It is also important to remember the histological features of each diagnostic category that are common in lymph node cytology and to compare them with cytological findings. It is also essential to identify a few categories of diagnostic pitfalls that often resemble lymphomas and easily lead to misdiagnosis, particularly in malignant small round cell tumors, poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, and nasopharyngeal undifferentiated carcinoma. Herein, we review a stepwise approach for fine needle aspiration cytology of lymphoid diseases and suggest a diagnostic algorithm that uses this approach and the Sydney classification system.

Citations

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Immunocytochemical markers, molecular testing and digital cytopathology for aspiration cytology of metastatic breast carcinoma
Joshua J. X. Li, Gary M. Tse
Cytopathology.2024; 35(2): 218. CrossRef
Response to comment on “A stepwise approach to fine needle aspiration cytology of lymph nodes”
Yosep Chong, Gyeongsin Park, Hee Jeong Cha, Hyun-Jung Kim, Chang Suk Kang, Jamshid Abdul-Ghafar, Seung-Sook Lee
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2024; 58(1): 43. CrossRef
Comment on “A stepwise approach to fine needle aspiration cytology of lymph nodes”
Elisabetta Maffei, Valeria Ciliberti, Pio Zeppa, Alessandro Caputo
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2024; 58(1): 40. CrossRef
The Incidence of Thyroid Cancer in Bethesda III Thyroid Nodules: A Retrospective Analysis at a Single Endocrine Surgery Center
Iyad Hassan, Lina Hassan, Nahed Balalaa, Mohamad Askar, Hussa Alshehhi, Mohamad Almarzooqi
Diagnostics.2024; 14(10): 1026. CrossRef

Interpretation of PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer: summary of a consensus meeting of Korean gastrointestinal pathologists: Soomin Ahn, Yoonjin Kwak, Gui Young Kwon, Kyoung-Mee Kim, Moonsik Kim, Hyunki Kim, Young Soo Park, Hyeon Jeong Oh, Kyoungyul Lee, Sung Hak Lee, Hye Seung Lee; J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(3):103-116. Published online April 25, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.03.15

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Nivolumab plus chemotherapy in the first-line setting has demonstrated clinical efficacy in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative advanced or metastatic gastric cancer, and is currently indicated as a standard treatment. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is an important biomarker for predicting response to anti–programmed death 1/PD-L1 agents in several solid tumors, including gastric cancer. In the CheckMate-649 trial, significant clinical improvements were observed in patients with PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS) ≥ 5, determined using the 28-8 pharmDx assay. Accordingly, an accurate interpretation of PD-L1 CPS, especially at a cutoff of 5, is important. The CPS method evaluates both immune and tumor cells and provides a comprehensive assessment of PD-L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment of gastric cancer. However, CPS evaluation has several limitations, one of which is poor interobserver concordance among pathologists. Despite these limitations, clinical indications relying on PD-L1 CPS are increasing. In response, Korean gastrointestinal pathologists held a consensus meeting for the interpretation of PD-L1 CPS in gastric cancer. Eleven pathologists reviewed 20 PD-L1 slides with a CPS cutoff close to 5, stained with the 28-8 pharmDx assay, and determined the consensus scores. The issues observed in discrepant cases were discussed. In this review, we present cases of gastric cancer with consensus PD-L1 CPS. In addition, we briefly touch upon current practices and clinical issues associated with assays used for the assessment of PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer.

Perspectives on single-nucleus RNA sequencing in different cell types and tissues: Nayoung Kim, Huiram Kang, Areum Jo, Seung-Ah Yoo, Hae-Ock Lee; J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(1):52-59. Published online January 10, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.12.19

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Abstract PDF

Single-cell RNA sequencing has become a powerful and essential tool for delineating cellular diversity in normal tissues and alterations in disease states. For certain cell types and conditions, there are difficulties in isolating intact cells for transcriptome profiling due to their fragility, large size, tight interconnections, and other factors. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) is an alternative or complementary approach for cells that are difficult to isolate. In this review, we will provide an overview of the experimental and analysis steps of snRNA-seq to understand the methods and characteristics of general and tissue-specific snRNA-seq data. Knowing the advantages and limitations of snRNA-seq will increase its use and improve the biological interpretation of the data generated using this technique.

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Mapping the cellular landscape of Atlantic salmon head kidney by single cell and single nucleus transcriptomics
Adriana M.S. Andresen, Richard S. Taylor, Unni Grimholt, Rose Ruiz Daniels, Jianxuan Sun, Ross Dobie, Neil C. Henderson, Samuel A.M. Martin, Daniel J. Macqueen, Johanna H. Fosse
Fish & Shellfish Immunology.2024; 146: 109357. CrossRef
Impaired cortical neuronal homeostasis and cognition after diffuse traumatic brain injury are dependent on microglia and type I interferon responses
Jonathan M. Packer, Chelsea E. Bray, Nicolas B. Beckman, Lynde M. Wangler, Amara C. Davis, Ethan J. Goodman, Nathaniel E. Klingele, Jonathan P. Godbout
Glia.2024; 72(2): 300. CrossRef
Adipose tissue macrophage heterogeneity in the single-cell genomics era
Haneul Kang, Jongsoon Lee
Molecules and Cells.2024; 47(2): 100031. CrossRef
A Comprehensive Review on Circulating cfRNA in Plasma: Implications for Disease Diagnosis and Beyond
Pengqiang Zhong, Lu Bai, Mengzhi Hong, Juan Ouyang, Ruizhi Wang, Xiaoli Zhang, Peisong Chen
Diagnostics.2024; 14(10): 1045. CrossRef
Single-Cell Sequencing Technology in Ruminant Livestock: Challenges and Opportunities
Avery Lyons, Jocelynn Brown, Kimberly M. Davenport
Current Issues in Molecular Biology.2024; 46(6): 5291. CrossRef
Single-cell and spatially resolved transcriptomics for liver biology
Ping Lin, Xi Yan, Siyu Jing, Yanhong Wu, Yiran Shan, Wenbo Guo, Jin Gu, Yu Li, Haibing Zhang, Hong Li
Hepatology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Integrated analysis of single-cell and bulk RNA-seq establishes a novel signature for prediction in gastric cancer
Fei Wen, Xin Guan, Hai-Xia Qu, Xiang-Jun Jiang
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology.2023; 15(7): 1215. CrossRef
Placental single cell transcriptomics: Opportunities for endocrine disrupting chemical toxicology
Elana R. Elkin, Kyle A. Campbell, Samantha Lapehn, Sean M. Harris, Vasantha Padmanabhan, Kelly M. Bakulski, Alison G. Paquette
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology.2023; 578: 112066. CrossRef
Analyzing alternative splicing in Alzheimer’s disease postmortem brain: a cell-level perspective
Mohammad-Erfan Farhadieh, Kamran Ghaedi
Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Single-nucleus transcriptome inventory of giant panda reveals cellular basis for fitness optimization under low metabolism
Shangchen Yang, Tianming Lan, Rongping Wei, Ling Zhang, Lin Lin, Hanyu Du, Yunting Huang, Guiquan Zhang, Shan Huang, Minhui Shi, Chengdong Wang, Qing Wang, Rengui Li, Lei Han, Dan Tang, Haimeng Li, Hemin Zhang, Jie Cui, Haorong Lu, Jinrong Huang, Yonglun
BMC Biology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Single-cell transcriptomics in thyroid eye disease
Sofia Ahsanuddin, Albert Y. Wu
Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Newsletter

What’s new in breast pathology 2022: WHO 5th edition and biomarker updates: Kristen Muller, Julie M. Jorns, Gary Tozbikian; J Pathol Transl Med. 2022;56(3):170-171. Published online May 15, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.04.25

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Abstract PDF

The 5th edition WHO Classification of Breast Tumours (2019) has introduced changes to our practices. Highlights are presented below, with a focus on modifications to morphological subtype categorization. In addition, we summarize important updates to ER and PR testing made in the 2020 ASCO/CAP guidelines, and briefly discuss PD-L1 and Ki-67 testing in breast cancer.

Citations

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Correlation of Histopathology and Radiological Findings Among the Diverse Breast Lesions in a Tertiary Care Centre
Ranjani Mohan, Sathish Selvakumar A, Ragupathy S, Meenakshisundaram K, Shanmugapriya S, Rajeswari Kathiah, Rajeswari T, Priavadhana Rajan Prasaad, Dinesh Kumar S, Sarika K
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Diagnostic Challenge in Veterinary Pathology: Metastatic Mammary Tumor in a Female Tiger (Panthera Tigris)
Charisha Fraser, Mun Keong Kok, Intan Shameha Abdul Razak, Yulianna Puspitasari, Annas Salleh
Veterinary Pathology.2024; 61(4): 508. CrossRef
Expression of cell surface zinc transporter LIV1 in triple negative breast cancer is an indicator of poor prognosis and therapy failure
Roshni Saravanan, Vaishnavi Balasubramanian, Sandhya Sundaram, Bhawna Dev, Pavithra Vittalraj, Ravi Shankar Pitani, Gouthaman Shanmugasundaram, Suresh Kumar Rayala, Ganesh Venkatraman
Journal of Cellular Physiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Oral Soft Tissue Metastasis from Breast Cancer as the Only Primary Source: Systematic Review
Nausheen Aga, Ruchira Shreevats, Sonia Gupta, Harman Sandhu, Muna E.M. Hassan, Harnisha V. Prajapati
Avicenna Journal of Medicine.2024; 14(01): 022. CrossRef
Influence of tumor microenvironment on the different breast cancer subtypes and applied therapies
Cristina Ferreira Almeida, Georgina Correia-da-Silva, Natércia Teixeira, Cristina Amaral
Biochemical Pharmacology.2024; 223: 116178. CrossRef
Specific feature recognition on group specific networks (SFR-GSN): a biomarker identification model for cancer stages
Bolin Chen, Yuxin Wang, Jinlei Zhang, Yourui Han, Hamza Benhammouda, Jun Bian, Ruiming Kang, Xuequn Shang
Frontiers in Genetics.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
BREAST CANCER IN THE POLTAVA REGION: CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS
K. R. Novykov, L. P. Lytvynenko, B. M. Fylenko, N. V. Roiko, O. K. Prylutskyi, S. A. Proskurnia
Bulletin of Problems Biology and Medicine.2024; 1(2): 9. CrossRef
Immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma
Zhijie Wang, Yichuan Wang, Peng Gao, Jin Ding
Cancer Letters.2023; 555: 216038. CrossRef
Demographic and Clinical Features of Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Multicenter Registry Study of the Turkish Oncology Group
Izzet Dogan, Sercan Aksoy, Burcu Cakar, Gul Basaran, Ozlem Ercelep, Nil Molinas Mandel, Taner Korkmaz, Erhan Gokmen, Cem Sener, Adnan Aydiner, Pinar Saip, Yesim Eralp
Cancers.2023; 15(6): 1667. CrossRef
The role of tumor microenvironment in drug resistance: emerging technologies to unravel breast cancer heterogeneity
Vincenzo Salemme, Giorgia Centonze, Lidia Avalle, Dora Natalini, Alessio Piccolantonio, Pietro Arina, Alessandro Morellato, Ugo Ala, Daniela Taverna, Emilia Turco, Paola Defilippi
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Unraveling the Role of Adiponectin Receptors in Obesity-Related Breast Cancer
Giuseppina Daniela Naimo, Alessandro Paolì, Francesca Giordano, Martina Forestiero, Maria Luisa Panno, Sebastiano Andò, Loredana Mauro
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(10): 8907. CrossRef
Novel Molecular Targets for Immune Surveillance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Pietro Guerra, Andrea Martini, Patrizia Pontisso, Paolo Angeli
Cancers.2023; 15(14): 3629. CrossRef
Breast metastasis as the first presentation of an anorectal melanoma diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology: a case report
Adil Aziz Khan, Shaivy Malik, Sana Ahuja, Mukul Singh
Surgical and Experimental Pathology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Meme Kanserinde Ki67 İndeks Ölçümlerinin Manuel ve Dijital Yöntemler Açısından Kıyaslanması
Zuhal SİLAV
İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi.2023; (20): 397. CrossRef

Review

Inflammatory bowel disease–associated intestinal fibrosis: Ji Min Park, Jeongseok Kim, Yoo Jin Lee, Sung Uk Bae, Hye Won Lee; J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(1):60-66. Published online January 10, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.11.02

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Abstract PDF

Fibrosis is characterized by a proliferation of fibroblasts and excessive extracellular matrix following chronic inflammation, and this replacement of organ tissue with fibrotic tissue causes a loss of function. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, and intestinal fibrosis is common in IBD patients, resulting in several complications that require surgery, such as a stricture or penetration. This review describes the pathogenesis and various factors involved in intestinal fibrosis in IBD, including cytokines, growth factors, epithelial-mesenchymal and endothelial-mesenchymal transitions, and gut microbiota. Furthermore, histopathologic findings and scoring systems used for stenosis in IBD are discussed, and differences in the fibrosis patterns of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are compared. Biomarkers and therapeutic agents targeting intestinal fibrosis are briefly mentioned at the end.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Resistance to apoptosis in complicated Crohn's disease: Relevance in ileal fibrosis
M. Seco-Cervera, D. Ortiz-Masiá, D.C. Macias-Ceja, S. Coll, L. Gisbert-Ferrándiz, J. Cosín-Roger, C. Bauset, M. Ortega, B. Heras-Morán, F. Navarro-Vicente, M. Millán, J.V. Esplugues, S. Calatayud, M.D. Barrachina
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease.2024; 1870(2): 166966. CrossRef
Characterization of patient-derived intestinal organoids for modelling fibrosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Ilaria Laudadio, Claudia Carissimi, Noemi Scafa, Alex Bastianelli, Valerio Fulci, Alessandra Renzini, Giusy Russo, Salvatore Oliva, Roberta Vitali, Francesca Palone, Salvatore Cucchiara, Laura Stronati
Inflammation Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Food additives impair gut microbiota from healthy individuals and IBD patients in a colonic in vitro fermentation model
Irma Gonza, Elizabeth Goya-Jorge, Caroline Douny, Samiha Boutaleb, Bernard Taminiau, Georges Daube, Marie–Louise Scippo, Edouard Louis, Véronique Delcenserie
Food Research International.2024; 182: 114157. CrossRef
Epigenetic Regulation of EMP/EMT-Dependent Fibrosis
Margherita Sisto, Sabrina Lisi
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(5): 2775. CrossRef
Mechanisms and therapeutic research progress in intestinal fibrosis
Yanjiang Liu, Tao Zhang, Kejian Pan, He Wei
Frontiers in Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Disease clearance in ulcerative colitis: A new therapeutic target for the future
Syed Adeel Hassan, Neeraj Kapur, Fahad Sheikh, Anam Fahad, Somia Jamal
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2024; 30(13): 1801. CrossRef
Urinary Hydroxyproline as an Inflammation-Independent Biomarker of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Muriel Huss, Tanja Elger, Johanna Loibl, Arne Kandulski, Benedicta Binder, Petra Stoeckert, Patricia Mester, Martina Müller, Christa Buechler, Hauke Christian Tews
Gastroenterology Insights.2024; 15(2): 486. CrossRef
Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Immune Function, Tissue Fibrosis and Current Therapies
Jesús Cosín-Roger
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(12): 6416. CrossRef
Pathways Affected by Falcarinol-Type Polyacetylenes and Implications for Their Anti-Inflammatory Function and Potential in Cancer Chemoprevention
Ruyuf Alfurayhi, Lei Huang, Kirsten Brandt
Foods.2023; 12(6): 1192. CrossRef
Time to eRAASe chronic inflammation: current advances and future perspectives on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system and chronic intestinal inflammation in dogs and humans
Romy M. Heilmann, Georg Csukovich, Iwan A. Burgener, Franziska Dengler
Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Role of the epithelial barrier in intestinal fibrosis associated with inflammatory bowel disease: relevance of the epithelial-to mesenchymal transition
Dulce C. Macias-Ceja, M. Teresa Mendoza-Ballesteros, María Ortega-Albiach, M. Dolores Barrachina, Dolores Ortiz-Masià
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Case Study

Primary epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma of the brain with EML4::ALK fusion mimicking intra-axial glioma: a case report and brief literature review: Eric Eunshik Kim, Chul-Kee Park, Koung Mi Kang, Yoonjin Kwak, Sung-Hye Park, Jae-Kyung Won; J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(3):141-145. Published online May 14, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.04.12

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Abstract PDF: An aggressive subtype of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma occurs primarily inside the abdominal cavity, followed by a pulmonary localization. Most harbor anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements, with RANBP2 and RRBP1 among the well-documented fusion partners. We report the second case of primary epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma of the brain, with a well-known EML4::ALK fusion. The case is notable for its intra-axial presentation that clinico-radiologically mimicked glioma.

Newsletter

What’s new in thyroid pathology 2024: updates from the new WHO classification and Bethesda system: Andrey Bychkov, Chan Kwon Jung; J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(2):98-101. Published online March 13, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.03.06

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Abstract PDF

In line with the release of the 5th edition WHO Classification of Tumors of Endocrine Organs (2022) and the 3rd edition of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (2023), the field of thyroid pathology and cytopathology has witnessed key transformations. This digest brings to the fore the refined terminologies, newly introduced categories, and contentious methodological considerations pivotal to the updated classification.

Citations

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Cytologic and Clinicopathologic Features of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with Prominent Hobnail Features on FNAC
Deepali Saxena, Ravi Hari Phulware, Prashant Durgapal, Arvind Kumar, Amit Kumar Tyagi
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Article

The spectrum of microvascular patterns in adult diffuse glioma and their correlation with tumor grade: Soni , Vaishali Walke, Deepti Joshi, Tanya Sharma, Adesh Shrivastava, Amit Agrawal; J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(3):127-133. Published online May 14, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.03.11

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Abstract PDF: Background
Primary brain tumors constitute the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Among them, adult diffuse gliomas are the most common type, affecting the cerebral hemispheres and displaying a diffuse infiltrative pattern of growth in the surrounding neuropil that accounts for about 80% of all primary intracranial tumors. The hallmark feature of gliomas is blood vessel proliferation, which plays an important role in tumor growth, tumor biological behavior, and disease outcome. High-grade gliomas exhibit increased vascularity, the worst prognosis, and lower survival rates. Several angiogenic receptors and factors are upregulated in glioblastomas and stimulate angiogenesis signaling pathways by means of activating oncogenes and/or down-regulating tumor-suppressor genes. Existing literature has emphasized that different microvascular patterns (MVPs) are displayed in different subtypes of adult diffuse gliomas.
Methods
We examined the distribution and biological characteristics of different MVPs in 50 patients with adult diffuse gliomas. Haematoxylin and eosin staining results, along with periodic acid–Schiff and CD34 dual-stained sections, were examined to assess the vascular patterns and correlate with different grades of diffuse glioma.
Results
The present observational study on adult diffuse glioma evaluated tumor grade and MVPs. Microvascular sprouting was the most common pattern, while a bizarre pattern (type 2) was associated with the presence of a high-grade glioma. Vascular mimicry was observed in 6% of cases, all of which were grade 4 gliomas.
Conclusions
This study supplements the role of neo-angiogenesis and aberrant vasculature patterns in the grading and progression of adult diffuse gliomas, which can be future targets for planning treatment strategies.

Review

A standardized pathology report for gastric cancer: 2nd edition: Young Soo Park, Myeong-Cherl Kook, Baek-hui Kim, Hye Seung Lee, Dong-Wook Kang, Mi-Jin Gu, Ok Ran Shin, Younghee Choi, Wonae Lee, Hyunki Kim, In Hye Song, Kyoung-Mee Kim, Hee Sung Kim, Guhyun Kang, Do Youn Park, So-Young Jin, Joon Mee Kim, Yoon Jung Choi, Hee Kyung Chang, Soomin Ahn, Mee Soo Chang, Song-Hee Han, Yoonjin Kwak, An Na Seo, Sung Hak Lee, Mee-Yon Cho; J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(1):1-27. Published online January 15, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.12.23

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

The first edition of ‘A Standardized Pathology Report for Gastric Cancer’ was initiated by the Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists and published 17 years ago. Since then, significant advances have been made in the pathologic diagnosis, molecular genetics, and management of gastric cancer (GC). To reflect those changes, a committee for publishing a second edition of the report was formed within the Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists. This second edition consists of two parts: standard data elements and conditional data elements. The standard data elements contain the basic pathologic findings and items necessary to predict the prognosis of GC patients, and they are adequate for routine surgical pathology service. Other diagnostic and prognostic factors relevant to adjuvant therapy, including molecular biomarkers, are classified as conditional data elements to allow each pathologist to selectively choose items appropriate to the environment in their institution. We trust that the standardized pathology report will be helpful for GC diagnosis and facilitate large-scale multidisciplinary collaborative studies.

Citations

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Genomic and Transcriptomic Characterization of Gastric Cancer with Bone Metastasis
Sujin Oh, Soo Kyung Nam, Keun-Wook Lee, Hye Seung Lee, Yujun Park, Yoonjin Kwak, Kyu Sang Lee, Ji-Won Kim, Jin Won Kim, Minsu Kang, Young Suk Park, Sang-Hoon Ahn, Yun-Suhk Suh, Do Joong Park, Hyung Ho Kim
Cancer Research and Treatment.2024; 56(1): 219. CrossRef
Microscopic tumor mapping of post-neoadjuvant therapy pancreatic cancer specimens to predict post-surgical recurrence: A prospective cohort study
Yeshong Park, Yeon Bi Han, Jinju Kim, MeeYoung Kang, Boram Lee, Eun Sung Ahn, Saemi Han, Haeryoung Kim, Hee-Young Na, Ho-Seong Han, Yoo-Seok Yoon
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Effect of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Resectable Gastric Cancer: Analysis from a Western Academic Center
Elliott J. Yee, Danielle Gilbert, Jeffrey Kaplan, Sachin Wani, Sunnie S. Kim, Martin D. McCarter, Camille L. Stewart
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Interpretation of PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer: summary of a consensus meeting of Korean gastrointestinal pathologists
Soomin Ahn, Yoonjin Kwak, Gui Young Kwon, Kyoung-Mee Kim, Moonsik Kim, Hyunki Kim, Young Soo Park, Hyeon Jeong Oh, Kyoungyul Lee, Sung Hak Lee, Hye Seung Lee
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2024; 58(3): 103. CrossRef
Pathological Interpretation of Gastric Tumors in Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection
Jung Yeon Kim
Journal of Digestive Cancer Research.2023; 11(1): 15. CrossRef
Histopathology of Gastric Cancer
Baek-hui Kim, Sung Hak Lee
The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research.2023; 23(2): 143. CrossRef
Endoscopic submucosal dissection hands-on training with artificial mucosal layer EndoGEL
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Original Article

Revisiting the utility of identifying nuclear grooves as unique nuclear changes by an object detector model: Pedro R. F. Rende, Joel Machado Pires, Kátia Sakimi Nakadaira, Sara Lopes, João Vale, Fabio Hecht, Fabyan E. L. Beltrão, Gabriel J. R. Machado, Edna T. Kimura, Catarina Eloy, Helton E. Ramos; J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(3):117-126. Published online April 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.03.07

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Abstract PDF: Background
Among other structures, nuclear grooves are vastly found in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Considering that the application of artificial intelligence in thyroid cytology has potential for diagnostic routine, our goal was to develop a new supervised convolutional neural network capable of identifying nuclear grooves in Diff-Quik stained whole-slide images (WSI) obtained from thyroid fineneedle aspiration.
Methods
We selected 22 Diff-Quik stained cytological slides with cytological diagnosis of PTC and concordant histological diagnosis. Each of the slides was scanned, forming a WSI. Images that contained the region of interest were obtained, followed by pre-formatting, annotation of the nuclear grooves and data augmentation techniques. The final dataset was divided into training and validation groups in a 7:3 ratio.
Results
This is the first artificial intelligence model based on object detection applied to nuclear structures in thyroid cytopathology. A total of 7,255 images were obtained from 22 WSI, totaling 7,242 annotated nuclear grooves. The best model was obtained after it was submitted 15 times with the train dataset (14th epoch), with 67% true positives, 49.8% for sensitivity and 43.1% for predictive positive value.
Conclusions
The model was able to develop a structure predictor rule, indicating that the application of an artificial intelligence model based on object detection in the identification of nuclear grooves is feasible. Associated with a reduction in interobserver variability and in time per slide, this demonstrates that nuclear evaluation constitutes one of the possibilities for refining the diagnosis through computational models.

Reviews

Infections and immunity: associations with obesity and related metabolic disorders: Amitabha Ray, Melissa J. L. Bonorden, Rajashree Pandit, Katai J. Nkhata, Anupam Bishayee; J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(1):28-42. Published online January 15, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.11.14

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Abstract PDF

About one-fourth of the global population is either overweight or obese, both of which increase the risk of insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, and infections. In obesity, both immune cells and adipocytes produce an excess of pro-inflammatory cytokines that may play a significant role in disease progression. In the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, important pathological characteristics such as involvement of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, endothelial injury, and pro-inflammatory cytokine release have been shown to be connected with obesity and associated sequelae such as insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes and hypertension. This pathological connection may explain the severity of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic disorders. Many studies have also reported an association between type 2 diabetes and persistent viral infections. Similarly, diabetes favors the growth of various microorganisms including protozoal pathogens as well as opportunistic bacteria and fungi. Furthermore, diabetes is a risk factor for a number of prion-like diseases. There is also an interesting relationship between helminths and type 2 diabetes; helminthiasis may reduce the pro-inflammatory state, but is also associated with type 2 diabetes or even neoplastic processes. Several studies have also documented altered circulating levels of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes in obesity, which likely modifies vaccine effectiveness. Timely monitoring of inflammatory markers (e.g., C-reactive protein) and energy homeostasis markers (e.g., leptin) could be helpful in preventing many obesity-related diseases.

Citations

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Theory of the Leaky Intestine: Gender Differences in Intestinal Parasitic Infections, Cytoskeletal Wall Dysfunctions, and Hypertension
Philip Njemanze, Anthonia Chioma Amadi, Joy E. Onuchukwu, Chinwendu C. Darlington, Nneoma E. Ukeje, Clinton O. Mezu, Clara C. Ofoegbu, Chidera Okuh, Chidimma O. Ukaegbu, Linda O. Uzoma, Marvis Amuchie, Faustina N. Ojilere, Lilian C. Mbara, Esther C. Nneke
Qeios.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Abstract PDF

Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a benign locally destructive bone neoplasm composed of multi-loculated blood-filled cystic spaces. The most common sites of involvement are the meta-diaphysis of the long bones and posterior elements of the vertebrae. Secondary, ABC-like changes can complicate a variety of other benign and malignant primary bone neoplasms, including giant cell tumor, fibrous dysplasia, and osteosarcoma. About two-third of primary ABCs have a rearrangement of the USP6 gene, which is not present in the ABC-like changes that occur secondary to other primary bone tumors (i.e., secondary ABC). Primary ABC of bone carries a variable but generally high rate of local recurrence. This paper provides an overview of the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, radiographic and pathologic findings, treatment, and prognosis of ABC.

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Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common indolent B-cell lymphoma and originates from germinal center B-cells (centrocytes and centroblasts) of the lymphoid follicle. Tumorigenesis is believed to initiate early in precursor B-cells in the bone marrow (BM) that acquire the t(14;18)(q32;q21). These cells later migrate to lymph nodes to continue their maturation through the germinal center reaction, at which time they acquire additional genetic and epigeneticabnormalities that promote lymphomagenesis. FLs are heterogeneous in terms of their clinicopathologic features. Most FLs are indolent and clinically characterized by peripheral lymphadenopathy with involvement of the spleen, BM, and peripheral blood in a substantial subset of patients, sometimes accompanied by constitutional symptoms and laboratory abnormalities. Diagnosis is established by the histopathologic identification of a B-cell proliferation usually distributed in an at least partially follicular pattern, typically, but not always, in a lymph node biopsy. The B-cell proliferation is biologically of germinal center cell origin, thus shows an expression of germinal center-associated antigens as detected by immunophenotyping. Although many cases of FLs are typical and histopathologic features are straightforward, the biologic and histopathologic variability of FL is wide, and an accurate diagnosis of FL over this disease spectrum requires knowledge of morphologic variants that can mimic other lymphomas, and rarely non-hematologic malignancies, clinically unique variants, and pitfalls in the interpretation of ancillary studies. The overall survival for most patients is prolonged, but relapses are frequent. The treatment landscape in FL now includes the application of immunotherapy and targeted therapy in addition to chemotherapy.

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Abstract PDF

Cirrhosis has traditionally been considered an irreversible process of end-stage liver disease. With new treatments for chronic liver disease, there is regression of fibrosis and cirrhosis, improvement in clinical parameters (i.e. liver function and hemodynamic markers, hepatic venous pressure gradient), and survival rates, demonstrating that fibrosis and fibrolysis are a dynamic process moving in two directions. Microscopically, hepatocytes push into thinning fibrous septa with eventual perforation leaving behind delicate periportal spikes in the portal tracts and loss of portal veins. Obliterated portal veins during progressive fibrosis and cirrhosis due to parenchymal extinction, vascular remodeling and thrombosis often leave behind a bile duct and hepatic artery within the portal tract. Traditional staging classification systems focused on a linear, progressive process; however, the Beijing classification system incorporates both the bidirectional nature for the progression and regression of fibrosis. However, even with regression, vascular lesions/remodeling, parenchymal extinction and a cumulative mutational burden place patients at an increased risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma and should continue to undergo active clinical surveillance. It is more appropriate to consider cirrhosis as another stage in the evolution of chronic liver disease as a bidirectional process rather than an end-stage, irreversible state.

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Original Article

The importance of histomorphological features and ERG expression in the diagnosis of malignancy in cases with atypical small acinar proliferation: Gizem Teoman, Ayten Livaoglu, Hatice Kucuk, Afs ¸ın Rahman Murtezaoglu; J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(3):134-140. Published online May 14, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.03.18

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Abstract PDF: Background
Atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP) cases typically require rebiopsy, which are invasive and associated with increased risk of complications. Our aim in this study was to determine the importance of laboratory and histological findings and E-26 transformation-specific-related gene (ERG) expression in the diagnosis of malignancy.
Methods
Between March 2016 and March 2022, 84 patients who were diagnosed with ASAP on biopsy or rebiopsy were included in the study. Clinical-laboratory features of age, serum prostate-specific antigen level, and histopathological features were compared and included multifocality, number of suspicious acini, nuclear enlargement, nucleolar prominence, hyperchromasia, cytoplasmic amphophilia, luminal amorphous acellular secretion, crystalloid presence, infiltrative appearance, inflammation, atrophy, α-methyl acyl-CoA racemase, p63, and/or high molecular weight cytokeratin were analyzed. In addition, ERG expression was evaluated immunohistochemically.
Results
Statistically significant correlation was found between nucleolar prominence, nuclear hyperchromasia, crystalloid presence, infiltrative pattern, and prostate cancer (p < .001). In 19 of 84 cases (22.6%) ERG was positive in the nucleus. Prostate cancer was diagnosed at rebiopsy in 15 of the 19 ERG-positive cases (78.9%). A statistically significant correlation was found between ERG positivity and prostate cancer (p= .002).
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that evaluation of these markers during initial transrectal ultrasound biopsies may decrease and prevent unnecessary prostate rebiopsy.

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