Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Original Article

Immunohistochemistry of Janus Kinase 1 (JAK1) Expression in Vitiligo: Asmaa Gaber Abdou, Alaa Maraee, Hossam Yassien, Mona Sarhan; J Pathol Transl Med. 2018;52(6):363-368. Published online October 23, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.09.18

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Background
Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the destruction of melanocytes causes white spots on the affected skin. Janus kinase (JAK) is a family of intracellular, non-receptor tyrosine kinases that transduce cytokine-mediated signals via the JAK–signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway. The aim of the present study is to explore the possible role of JAK1 in the pathogenesis of vitiligo using immunohistochemical methods.
Methods
The current study was conducted in a sample of 39 patients who presented with vitiligo and 22 healthy individuals who were age and sex matched as a control group. We used immunohistochemistry to evaluate JAK1 status (intensity and distribution) and assess the percentage of residual melanocytes using human melanoma black 45 (HMB45).
Results
Intense and diffuse JAK1 expression was significantly more likely to indicate vitiliginous skin compared to normal skin (p < .001). Strong and diffuse JAK1 expression was associated with short disease duration, female sex, and lower percentage of melanocytes (detected by HMB45) (p < .05).
Conclusions
JAK1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of vitiligo, as indicated by intense and diffuse expression compared to control and association with lower percentage of melanocytes detected by HMB45 immunostaining.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Upadacitinib and its role in the treatment of vitiligo: A new possible therapeutic perspective
Jorge Magdaleno-Tapial, Pablo Hernández-Bel, Altea Esteve-Martínez, Rodrigo Peñuelas-Leal, Carolina Labrandero-Hoyos, José Luis Sánchez-Carazo, Amparo Pérez-Ferriols
JAAD Case Reports.2024; 46: 57. CrossRef
Signaling pathways in rheumatoid arthritis: implications for targeted therapy
Qian Ding, Wei Hu, Ran Wang, Qinyan Yang, Menglin Zhu, Meng Li, Jianghong Cai, Peter Rose, Jianchun Mao, Yi Zhun Zhu
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Treatment update for vitiligo based on autoimmune inhibition and melanocyte protection
Bo Xie, Yuqi Zhu, Yuqing Shen, Wen Xu, Xiuzu Song
Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets.2023; 27(3): 189. CrossRef
Vitiligo, from Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Advances: State of the Art
Federico Diotallevi, Helena Gioacchini, Edoardo De Simoni, Andrea Marani, Matteo Candelora, Matteo Paolinelli, Elisa Molinelli, Annamaria Offidani, Oriana Simonetti
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(5): 4910. CrossRef
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Chemical Engineering Journal.2022; 431: 134196. CrossRef
The skin delivery of tofacitinib citrate using transethosomes and hybridized ethosomes/nanostructured lipid carriers for vitiligo therapy: Dermatopharmacokinetics and in vivo assays
Heba Hesham, Mai Rady, Rania M. Hathout, Mohammad Abdel-Halim, Samar Mansour
International Journal of Pharmaceutics.2022; 629: 122387. CrossRef
Cutaneous JAK Expression in Vitiligo
Amira A. Abdel Motaleb, Yasmin M. Tawfik, Mohamed A. El-Mokhtar, Sherouk Elkady, Amira F. El-Gazzar, Suzan Kamel- ElSayed, Sara M. Awad
Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery.2021; 25(2): 157. CrossRef
Vitiligo: A focus on pathogenesis and its therapeutic implications
Christina Bergqvist, Khaled Ezzedine
The Journal of Dermatology.2021; 48(3): 252. CrossRef
Developing a JAK Inhibitor for Targeted Local Delivery: Ruxolitinib Cream
Paul Smith, Wenqing Yao, Stacey Shepard, Maryanne Covington, Jim Lee, Jennifer Lofland, Ahmad Naim, Trupti Sheth, Bhavnish Parikh, Swamy Yeleswaram
Pharmaceutics.2021; 13(7): 1044. CrossRef
Vitiligo: A Review
Christina Bergqvist, Khaled Ezzedine
Dermatology.2020; 236(6): 571. CrossRef
Drug Repurposing Patent Applications January–March 2019
Hermann A.M. Mucke
ASSAY and Drug Development Technologies.2019; 17(5): 255. CrossRef
Targeting the Janus Kinase Family in Autoimmune Skin Diseases
Michael D. Howell, Fiona I. Kuo, Paul A. Smith
Frontiers in Immunology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

Case Reports

Malignant Melanoma of the Anus: Report of a case.: Eun Sun Jung, Byung Kee Kim, Sun Moo Kim, Sang In Shim; Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(3):276-278.

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Abstract PDF: This report describes a primary malignant melanoma which developed in the anus, as documented by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. A 53-year-old woman had a 4 month history of a protruding mass in the anal canal. The mass was located in the squamo-columnar junction of the anal canal, measuring 5.0x4.5 cm. Its cut surface was dark brown and poorly circumscribed. The histologic appearance was characterized by epithelioid or spindle cells with prominant nucleoli and frequent atypical mitosis. Melanin pigments were strongly seen in Fontana-Masson stain. Immunoreactivity revealed that the cytoplasm of tumor cells was strongly positive with antibody directed against S-100 protein, vimentin and it was focally positive with neuron specific enolase.

Perianal Granuloma Caused by a Female Pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis): A case report.: Seok hyung Kim, Je Geun Chi; Korean J Pathol. 2000;34(8):605-607.

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Abstract PDF: The intestinal nematode Enterobius vermicularis is the most common metazoan endoparasite in humans, with humans being the only host. But complicated perianal granulomas due to Enterobius are unusual. The literature reports only 13 previous cases of enterobiasis presenting as perianal mass or abscess. We describe an additional case of a perianal mass caused by granulomatous inflammation containing Enterobius vermicularis eggs and dead bodies in a 7-year-old boy. The lesion was located in the anus and measured 2 1 cm. Clinical impression was lipoma and excisional biopsy was done. Microscopic examination revealed necrotizing granuloma which contained several 50~60 20~30 micrometer sized eggs which were identified as those of Enterobius vermicularis. The adult worm could not be identified with clarity due to necrosis.

Original Articles

Elafin Expression in Oral Lichen Planus.: Sang Shin Lee, Suk Keun Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2004;38(1):15-22.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Elafin is a potent anti-elastase in human saliva, and is supposed to play a role in preventing oral ulceration. The expression of elafin was observed in the oral lichen planus (OLP), one of the most common noninfectious oral mucosal diseases, which frequently manifests as extensive ulceration on the involved oral mucosa.
METHODS
50 OLP, 10 oral leuko-plakia, 3 inflammatory oral ulcers, and 3 normal oral mucosa cases were fixed with 10% buffered formalin, and immunohistochemically stained with monoclonal elafin antibody. Representative specimens were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, and RNA in situ hybridization, with an elafin RNA probe, was performed.
RESULTS
With both the immunohistochemistry and RNA in situ hybridization the expression of elafin was more decreased in the OLP compared to the normal mucosa, while in the hyperplastic epithelium of the leukoplakia and inflammatory ulcers the expressions of elafin was more intense. In the thin epithelia of the reticular and atrophic OLPs the expressions of elafin were reduced compared to the normal mucosa, and became almost negative in the epithelium of the erosive OLP.
CONCLUSIONS
These data suggested that the extensive ulceration of the OLP was closely relevant to the reduced expression of elafin in the involved epithelium

Autopsy Findings of Neonatal Tetanus.: Je G Chi, Sang Woon Choi; Korean J Pathol. 1990;24(3):183-189.

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Abstract PDF: During last 28 years since 1962 we experienced 11 cases of neonatal tetanus that was clinically diagnosed and autopsied at the Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital. All these case were encountered before the year 1980, and was caused by cutting the umbilical cord with unsterilized scissors. All the patients had onset of characteristic symptoms of seizure in first few days and died within a week in most cases. Postmortem findings could be summarized as follows: 1) The most impressive pathological finding was found in lungs, which was multifocal intraalveolar hemorrhage. In 3 cases, only fresh hemorrhage and edema were found. 2) Fatty changes of hepatocytes, focal degenerations of cardiac and skeletal muscles, vacuolar change of proximal tubules were found. 3) The changes of other organs seemed to be the secondary changes due to hypoxia.

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