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Original Articles
- Blocking Toll-like receptor 9 attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary injury
- Badr Alzahrani, Mohamed M. S. Gaballa, Ahmed A. Tantawy, Maha A. Moussa, Salma A. Shoulah, Said M. Elshafae
- J Pathol Transl Med. 2022;56(2):81-91. Published online March 2, 2022
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2021.12.27
- 5,474 View
- 134 Download
- 9 Web of Science
- 8 Crossref
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Abstract
PDF - Background
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is one of the most common complications in coronavirus disease 2019 patients suffering from acute lung injury (ALI). In ARDS, marked distortion of pulmonary architecture has been reported. The pulmonary lesions in ARDS include hemodynamic derangements (such as alveolar edema and hemorrhage), vascular and bronchiolar damage, interstitial inflammatory cellular aggregations, and eventually fibrosis. Bleomycin induces ARDS-representative pulmonary damage in mice and rats; therefore, we used bleomycin model mice in our study. Recently, Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) was implicated in the development of ARDS and ALI.
Methods
In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of a TLR9 blocker (ODN2088) on bleomycin-induced pulmonary damage. We measured the apoptosis rate, inflammatory reaction, and fibroplasia in bleomycin- and bleomycin + ODN2088-treated mice.
Results
Our results showed a significant amelioration in bleomycin-induced damage to pulmonary architecture following ODN2088 treatment. A marked decrease in pulmonary epithelial and endothelial apoptosis rate as measured by cleaved caspase-3 expression, inflammatory reaction as indicated by tumor necrosis factor α expression, and pulmonary fibrosis as demonstrated by Van Gieson staining and α-smooth muscle actin immunohistochemistry were observed following ODN2088 treatment.
Conclusions
All these findings indicate that blocking downstream TLR9 signaling could be beneficial in prevention or mitigation of ARDS through hemodynamic derangements, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis. -
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- A novel mouse model of myositis-associated interstitial lung disease was established by using TLR9 agonist combined with muscle homogenate
Ling Bai, Jiarui Zhu, Wenlan Ma, Peipei Zhao, Feifei Li, Cen Zhang, Sigong Zhang
Clinical and Experimental Immunology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Toll-like Receptor 9 Inhibition Mitigates Fibroproliferative Responses in Translational Models of Pulmonary Fibrosis
Glenda Trujillo, Alicia Regueiro-Ren, Chunjian Liu, Buqu Hu, Ying Sun, Farida Ahangari, Vitoria Fiorini, Genta Ishikawa, Karam Al Jumaily, Johad Khoury, John McGovern, Chris J. Lee, Xue Yan Peng, Taylor Pivarnik, Huanxing Sun, Anjali Walia, Samuel Woo, Sh
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.2025; 211(1): 91. CrossRef - CD103+ dendritic cell–fibroblast crosstalk via TLR9, TDO2, and AHR signaling drives lung fibrogenesis
Hannah Carter, Rita Medina Costa, Taylor S. Adams, Talon M. Gilchrist, Claire E. Emch, Monica Bame, Justin M. Oldham, Steven K. Huang, Angela L. Linderholm, Imre Noth, Naftali Kaminski, Bethany B. Moore, Stephen J. Gurczynski
JCI Insight.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Mechanisms underlying dose-limiting toxicities of conventional chemotherapeutic agents
Mohammad Amin Manavi, Mohammad Hosein Fathian Nasab, Razieh Mohammad Jafari, Ahmad Reza Dehpour
Journal of Chemotherapy.2024; 36(8): 623. CrossRef - Innate Immune Response-Mediated Inflammation in Viral Pneumonia
Weiwei Ni, Xin Wei, Rui Wu
Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases.2024; 19(03): 140. CrossRef - Combination of losartan with pirfenidone: a protective anti-fibrotic against pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in rats
Arian Amirkhosravi, Maryamossadat Mirtajaddini Goki, Mahmoud Reza Heidari, Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri, Maryam Iranpour, Maryam Torshabi, Mitra Mehrabani, Ali Mandegary, Mehrnaz Mehrabani
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Suppression of miR-17 Alleviates Acute Respiratory Distress-associated Lung Fibrosis by Regulating Mfn2
Mei-xia Xu, Tao Xu, Ning An
Current Medical Science.2024; 44(5): 964. CrossRef - TLR9: A friend or a foe
Mona M. Saber, Nada Monir, Azza S. Awad, Marwa E. Elsherbiny, Hala F. Zaki
Life Sciences.2022; 307: 120874. CrossRef
- A novel mouse model of myositis-associated interstitial lung disease was established by using TLR9 agonist combined with muscle homogenate
- An Ultrastructural Study of Bleomycin-Induced Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis in the Rat.
- Seung Che Cho, Kwan Kyu Park, Kun Young Kwon, Eun Sook Chang
- Korean J Pathol. 1991;25(6):539-550.
- 1,935 View
- 21 Download
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Abstract
PDF
- This study was carried out to investigate the mechanisms of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis of rats after the intratracheal administration of bleomycin. Both lungs after bleomycin injection were examined by light and electron microscopy. The results are as follows: Light microscopically, 1 or 2 weeks after bleomycin injection acute and chronic inflammatory infiltrates and edema in the interstitium and alveolar spaces were observed. Proliferation of alveolar type II pneumocytes was also found at 4 to 6 weeks after bleomycin injection, chronic inflammatory infiltrates with interstitial fibrous thickening were noted. Electron microscopically, the number of type II pneumocytes and irregular lamellar bodies were increased and blunted microvilli were noted at 2 weeks. 4 to 8 weeks, proliferation of fibroblasts with deposition of abundant collagen fibrils in the thickened interstitium revealing irregular or collapsed alveolar spaces were observed. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that bleomycin-induced interstitial pulmonary fibrosis is considered to pass from an early acute inflammation of the interstitium and alveolar spaces to an interstitial fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition to the length of the period after injection.
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