Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Review

HER2 status in breast cancer: changes in guidelines and complicating factors for interpretation: Soomin Ahn, Ji Won Woo, Kyoungyul Lee, So Yeon Park; J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(1):34-44. Published online November 6, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2019.11.03

20,938 View
1,143 Download
137 Web of Science
134 Crossref

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein overexpression and/or HER2 gene amplification is found in about 20% of invasive breast cancers. It is a sole predictive marker for treatment benefits from HER2 targeted therapy and thus, HER2 testing is a routine practice for newly diagnosed breast cancer in pathology. Currently, HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) is used for a screening test, and in situ hybridization is used as a confirmation test for HER2 IHC equivocal cases. Since the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)/College of American Pathologists (CAP) guidelines on HER2 testing was first released in 2007, it has been updated to provide clear instructions for HER2 testing and accurate determination of HER2 status in breast cancer. During HER2 interpretation, some pitfalls such as intratumoral HER2 heterogeneity and increase in chromosome enumeration probe 17 signals may lead to inaccurate assessment of HER2 status. Moreover, HER2 status can be altered after neoadjuvant chemotherapy or during metastatic progression, due to biologic or methodologic issues. This review addresses recent updates of ASCO/CAP guidelines and factors complicating in the interpretation of HER2 status in breast cancers.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Identification of novel chemical scaffolds against kinase domain of cancer causing human epidermal growth factor receptor 2: a systemic chemoinformatic approach
Faris Alrumaihi
Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics.2024; 42(12): 6269. CrossRef
Standardized pathology report for HER2 testing in compliance with 2023 ASCO/CAP updates and 2023 ESMO consensus statements on HER2-low breast cancer
Mariia Ivanova, Francesca Maria Porta, Marianna D’Ercole, Carlo Pescia, Elham Sajjadi, Giulia Cursano, Elisa De Camilli, Oriana Pala, Giovanni Mazzarol, Konstantinos Venetis, Elena Guerini-Rocco, Giuseppe Curigliano, Giuseppe Viale, Nicola Fusco
Virchows Archiv.2024; 484(1): 3. CrossRef
Analytical Performance Evaluation of a 523-Gene Circulating Tumor DNA Assay for Next-Generation Sequencing–Based Comprehensive Tumor Profiling in Liquid Biopsy Samples
Johannes Harter, Eleonora Buth, Janina Johaenning, Florian Battke, Maria Kopp, Henning Zelba, Martin Schulze, Jiri Koedding, Saskia Biskup
The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics.2024; 26(1): 61. CrossRef
Are There More HER2 FISH in the Sea? An Institution’s Experience in Identifying HER2 Positivity Using Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization in Patients with HER2 Negative Immunohistochemistry
Camille Suydam, Fairouz Chibane, Nicole Brown, Madeleine Schlafly, Alicia H. Arnold, Intisar Ghleilib, Melissa Easley, Joseph White
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2024; 31(1): 376. CrossRef
HER2 copy number determination in breast cancer using the highly sensitive droplet digital PCR method
Beate Alinger-Scharinger, Cornelia Kronberger, Georg Hutarew, Wolfgang Hitzl, Roland Reitsamer, Klaassen-Federspiel Frederike, Martina Hager, Thorsten Fischer, Karl Sotlar, Heidi Jaksch-Bogensperger
Virchows Archiv.2024; 485(1): 53. CrossRef
Impact of HER2-low status for patients with early-stage breast cancer and non-pCR after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a National Cancer Database Analysis
Huiyue Li, Jennifer K. Plichta, Kan Li, Yizi Jin, Samantha M. Thomas, Fei Ma, Li Tang, Qingyi Wei, You-Wen He, Qichen Chen, Yuanyuan Guo, Yueping Liu, Jian Zhang, Sheng Luo
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment.2024; 204(1): 89. CrossRef
Qualification of a multiplexed tissue imaging assay and detection of novel patterns of HER2 heterogeneity in breast cancer
Jennifer L. Guerriero, Jia-Ren Lin, Ricardo G. Pastorello, Ziming Du, Yu-An Chen, Madeline G. Townsend, Kenichi Shimada, Melissa E. Hughes, Siyang Ren, Nabihah Tayob, Kelly Zheng, Shaolin Mei, Alyssa Patterson, Krishan L. Taneja, Otto Metzger, Sara M. Tol
npj Breast Cancer.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical Utility and Benefits of Comprehensive Genomic Profiling in Cancer
Melissa Yuwono Tjota, Jeremy P Segal, Peng Wang
The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine.2024; 9(1): 76. CrossRef
High contrast breast cancer biomarker semi-quantification and immunohistochemistry imaging using upconverting nanoparticles
Sanathana Konugolu Venkata Sekar, Hui Ma, Katarzyna Komolibus, Gokhan Dumlupinar, Matthias J. Mickert, Krzysztof Krawczyk, Stefan Andersson-Engels
Biomedical Optics Express.2024; 15(2): 900. CrossRef
HER2-low breast cancer and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a population-based cohort study
Ximena Baez-Navarro, Mieke R. van Bockstal, Agnes Jager, Carolien H.M. van Deurzen
Pathology.2024; 56(3): 334. CrossRef
Fast-tracking drug development with biomarkers and companion diagnostics
Noreen McBrearty, Devika Bahal, Suso Platero
Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Emerging Landscape of Targeted Therapy of Breast Cancers With Low Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Protein Expression
Gary Tozbikian, Savitri Krishnamurthy, Marilyn M. Bui, Michael Feldman, David G. Hicks, Shabnam Jaffer, Thaer Khoury, Shi Wei, Hannah Wen, Paula Pohlmann
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine.2024; 148(2): 242. CrossRef
Treatment Patterns and Health Outcomes among Patients with HER2 IHC0/-Low Metastatic or Recurrent Breast Cancer
Eliya Farah, Chantelle Carbonell, Devon J. Boyne, Darren R. Brenner, Jan-Willem Henning, Daniel Moldaver, Simran Shokar, Winson Y. Cheung
Cancers.2024; 16(3): 518. CrossRef
Clinical Internal Dosimetry and Biodistribution of 177Lu-DOTA-Trastuzumab in HER2-Positive Metastatic and Locally Advanced Breast Carcinoma
Yoga S. Narwadkar, Rahul V. Parghane, Sudeep Sahu, Sangita Lad, Kamal Deep, Gaurav Wanage, Tejal Suralkar, Sharmila Banerjee, Sudeep Gupta, Sandip Basu, Rajendra A. Badwe
Clinical Nuclear Medicine.2024; 49(4): e149. CrossRef
Molecular Classifications in Gastric Cancer: A Call for Interdisciplinary Collaboration
Cristina Díaz del Arco, María Jesús Fernández Aceñero, Luis Ortega Medina
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(5): 2649. CrossRef
The combined immunohistochemical expression of AMBRA1 and SQSTM1 identifies patients with poorly differentiated cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma at risk of metastasis: A proof of concept study
Michael H. Alexander, William J. Cousins, Tom Ewen, Andrew P. South, Penny Lovat, Niki Stefanos
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology.2024; 51(6): 450. CrossRef
Concordance between pathologists and between specimen types in detection of HER2-low breast carcinoma by immunohistochemistry
Jing Wang, Esther Yoon, Savitri Krishnamurthy
Annals of Diagnostic Pathology.2024; 70: 152288. CrossRef
Detection of HER2 expression using 99mTc-NM-02 nanobody in patients with breast cancer: a non-randomized, non-blinded clinical trial
Lingzhou Zhao, Yan Xing, Changcun Liu, Shaofei Ma, Wenhua Huang, Zhen Cheng, Jinhua Zhao
Breast Cancer Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Pyrotinib and Trastuzumab Plus Chemotherapy Serve as an Acceptable Neoadjuvant Regimen Exhibiting Good Efficacy and Tolerance in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Patients
Yibo Chen, Tianyi Zhang, Rui Zhang, Xuchen Cao
Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals.2024; 39(6): 435. CrossRef
Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of VEGF, PDGF-B, and HER2/neu expression in gallbladder cancer
Pooja Shukla, Kumudesh Mishra, Ratnakar Shukla, Ruchira Vishwakarma, Niraj Kumari, Narendra Krishnani, Anu Behari, Vinay K. Kapoor
Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics.2024; 20(1): 349. CrossRef
Open questions, current challenges, and future perspectives in targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-low breast cancer
G. Curigliano, R. Dent, H. Earle, S. Modi, P. Tarantino, G. Viale, S.M. Tolaney
ESMO Open.2024; 9(4): 102989. CrossRef
Concordance of HER2 status between core needle biopsy and surgical resection specimens of breast cancer: an analysis focusing on the HER2-low status
Sei Na, Milim Kim, Yujun Park, Hyun Jung Kwon, Hee-Chul Shin, Eun-Kyu Kim, Mijung Jang, Sun Mi Kim, So Yeon Park
Breast Cancer.2024; 31(4): 705. CrossRef
Impact of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (NAC) on Biomarker Expression in Breast Cancer
Suji Lee, Jee Yeon Kim, So Jeong Lee, Chung Su Hwang, Hyun Jung Lee, Kyung Bin Kim, Jung Hee Lee, Dong Hoon Shin, Kyung Un Choi, Chang Hun Lee, Gi Yeong Huh, Ahrong Kim
Medicina.2024; 60(5): 737. CrossRef
Clinical Use of Molecular Biomarkers in Canine and Feline Oncology: Current and Future
Heike Aupperle-Lellbach, Alexandra Kehl, Simone de Brot, Louise van der Weyden
Veterinary Sciences.2024; 11(5): 199. CrossRef
Clinical Validation of Artificial Intelligence–Powered PD-L1 Tumor Proportion Score Interpretation for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Response Prediction in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Hyojin Kim, Seokhwi Kim, Sangjoon Choi, Changhee Park, Seonwook Park, Sergio Pereira, Minuk Ma, Donggeun Yoo, Kyunghyun Paeng, Wonkyung Jung, Sehhoon Park, Chan-Young Ock, Se-Hoon Lee, Yoon-La Choi, Jin-Haeng Chung
JCO Precision Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor amplification correlates with adverse pathological features and poor clinical outcome in colorectal cancer
Qiu-Xiao Yu, Ping-Ying Fu, Chi Zhang, Li Li, Wen-Ting Huang
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.2024; 16(5): 1395. CrossRef
Lipid nanoparticles-based RNA therapies for breast cancer treatment
Luigia Serpico, Yuewen Zhu, Renata Faria Maia, Sumedha Sumedha, Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi, Hélder A. Santos
Drug Delivery and Translational Research.2024; 14(10): 2823. CrossRef
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status in breast cancer: practice points and challenges
Natthawadee Laokulrath, Mihir Gudi, Syed Ahmed Salahuddin, Angela Phek Yoon Chong, Cristine Ding, Jabed Iqbal, Wei Qiang Leow, Benjamin Yongcheng Tan, Gary Tse, Emad Rakha, Puay Hoon Tan
Histopathology.2024; 85(3): 371. CrossRef
Comprehensive Immunohistochemical Analysis of Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Biomarkers in the Invasive Micropapillary Cancer of the Breast
Ozden Oz, Funda Alkan Tasli, Resmiye Irmak Yuzuguldu, Baha Zengel, Demet Kocatepe Cavdar, Merih Guray Durak, Raika Durusoy, Pranshu Sahgal
International Journal of Breast Cancer.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Advancing HER2-low breast cancer management: enhancing diagnosis and treatment strategies
Simona Borstnar, Ivana Bozovic-Spasojevic, Ana Cvetanovic, Natalija Dedic Plavetic, Assia Konsoulova, Erika Matos, Lazar Popovic, Savelina Popovska, Snjezana Tomic, Eduard Vrdoljak
Radiology and Oncology.2024; 58(2): 258. CrossRef
Peer‐to‐peer validation of Ki‐67 scoring in a pathology quality circle as a tool to assess interobserver variability: are we better than we thought?
Marit Bernhardt, Leonie Weinhold, Christine Sanders, Oliver Hommerding, Jan‐Frederic Lau, Marieta Toma, Verena Tischler, Matthias Schmid, Tomasz Zienkiewicz, Ralf Hildenbrand, Peter Gerlach, Hui Zhou, Martin Braun, Gunnar Müller, Erich Sieber, Christian M
APMIS.2024; 132(10): 718. CrossRef
Immunohistochemical Expression of Cyclin D1 and p16 in Invasive Breast Carcinoma and Its Association with Clinicopathological Parameters
Shaivy Malik, Shakthivel V., Sana Ahuja, Charanjeet Ahluwalia
Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology.2024; 15(4): 864. CrossRef
Novel engineered HER2 specific recombinant protein nanocages for targeted drug delivery
Javad Kheshti, Mohammad Ahmadyousefi, Meysam Soleimani
Molecular Biology Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Circulating C-reactive protein levels as a prognostic biomarker in breast cancer across body mass index groups
J. B. Holm, E. Baggesen, D. Cronin-Fenton, J. Frystyk, J. M. Bruun, P. Christiansen, S. Borgquist
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Standardized molecular pathology workflow for ctDNA-based ESR1 testing in HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer
Elena Guerini-Rocco, Konstantinos Venetis, Giulia Cursano, Eltjona Mane, Chiara Frascarelli, Francesco Pepe, Mariachiara Negrelli, Edoardo Olmeda, Davide Vacirca, Alberto Ranghiero, Dario Trapani, Carmen Criscitiello, Giuseppe Curigliano, Christian Rolfo,
Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology.2024; 201: 104427. CrossRef
The differences between pure and mixed invasive micropapillary breast cancer: the epithelial–mesenchymal transition molecules and prognosis
Ozden Oz, Resmiye Irmak Yuzuguldu, Ayse Yazici, Demet Kocatepe Cavdar, Cengiz Yilmaz, Mucteba Ozturk, Hilal Duzel, Duygu Gurel
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment.2024; 208(1): 41. CrossRef
Best practices for achieving consensus in HER2‐low expression in breast cancer: current perspectives from practising pathologists
Gary Tozbikian, Marilyn M. Bui, David G Hicks, Shabnam Jaffer, Thaer Khoury, Hannah Y Wen, Savitri Krishnamurthy, Shi Wei
Histopathology.2024; 85(3): 489. CrossRef
Consensus Guidelines on Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2)-Low Testing in Breast Cancer in Malaysia
Pathmanathan Rajadurai, Sarala Ravindran, Bang Rom Lee, Suria Hayati Md Pauzi, Seow Fan Chiew, Kean Hooi Teoh, Navarasi S. Raja Gopal, Mastura Md Yusof, Cheng Har Yip
Cancers.2024; 16(13): 2325. CrossRef
Revolutionizing Pathology with Artificial Intelligence: Innovations in Immunohistochemistry
Diana Gina Poalelungi, Anca Iulia Neagu, Ana Fulga, Marius Neagu, Dana Tutunaru, Aurel Nechita, Iuliu Fulga
Journal of Personalized Medicine.2024; 14(7): 693. CrossRef
A Comprehensive Model Outperformed the Single Radiomics Model in Noninvasively Predicting the HER2 Status in Patients with Breast Cancer
Weimin Liu, Yiqing Yang, Xiaohong Wang, Chao Li, Chen Liu, Xiaolei Li, Junzhe Wen, Xue Lin, Jie Qin
Academic Radiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Interobserver Variability in HER‐2 Immunostaining Interpretation of Metastatic HER2 Low Breast Cancers in Cytology Specimens
Niyati Desai, Courtney F. Connelly, Simon Sung, Adela Cimic, Swikrity U. Baskota
Diagnostic Cytopathology.2024; 52(12): 722. CrossRef
Weakly-supervised deep learning models enable HER2-low prediction from H &E stained slides
Renan Valieris, Luan Martins, Alexandre Defelicibus, Adriana Passos Bueno, Cynthia Aparecida Bueno de Toledo Osorio, Dirce Carraro, Emmanuel Dias-Neto, Rafael A. Rosales, Jose Marcio Barros de Figueiredo, Israel Tojal da Silva
Breast Cancer Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Understanding the spectrum of HER2 status in breast cancer: From HER2-positive to ultra-low HER2
Sana Ahuja, Adil Aziz Khan, Sufian Zaheer
Pathology - Research and Practice.2024; 262: 155550. CrossRef
Systematic review of added immunotherapy in traditional treatment for HER2 positive breast cancer patients
Rohan Choudhari
Innovative Practice in Breast Health.2024; 3-4: 100013. CrossRef
Detecting early-stage breast cancer with GATA3-positive circulating tumor cells
Chun-Hsin Hsieh, Ya-Herng Chang, Pei-Ying Ling, Ying-Tai Jin, Pei-Hsuan Lo, Hei-Jen Jou
Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology.2024; 63(5): 745. CrossRef
First-in-human study of DP303c, a HER2-targeted antibody-drug conjugate in patients with HER2 positive solid tumors
Jian Zhang, Yiqun Du, Yanchun Meng, Xiaojun Liu, Yuxin Mu, Yunpeng Liu, Yehui Shi, Jufeng Wang, Aimin Zang, Shanzhi Gu, Tianshu Liu, Huan Zhou, Hongqian Guo, Silong Xiang, Xialu Zhang, Suqiong Wu, Huanhuan Qi, Mengke Li, Xichun Hu
npj Precision Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Targeting CD276 for T cell-based immunotherapy of breast cancer
Ilona Hagelstein, Laura Wessling, Alexander Rochwarger, Latifa Zekri, Boris Klimovich, Christian M. Tegeler, Gundram Jung, Christian M. Schürch, Helmut R. Salih, Martina S. Lutz
Journal of Translational Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Correlation of Androgen Receptor Expression With Ki67 Proliferative Index and Other Clinicopathological Characteristics in Invasive Mammary Carcinomas
D Keerthana Devi, V Pavithra, Leena D Joseph, Chithra Bhanu Challa
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
CD81-guided heterologous EVs present heterogeneous interactions with breast cancer cells
Elena Gurrieri, Giulia Carradori, Michela Roccuzzo, Michael Pancher, Daniele Peroni, Romina Belli, Caterina Trevisan, Michela Notarangelo, Wen-Qiu Huang, Agata S. A. Carreira, Alessandro Quattrone, Guido Jenster, Timo L. M. Ten Hagen, Vito Giuseppe D’Agos
Journal of Biomedical Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Multiparametric MRI Radiomics With Machine Learning for Differentiating HER2-Zero, -Low, and -Positive Breast Cancer: Model Development, Testing, and Interpretability Analysis
Yongxin Chen, Siyi Chen, Wenjie Tang, Qingcong Konge, Zhidan Zhong, Xiaomeng Yu, Yi Sui, Wenke Hu, Xinqing Jiang, Yuan Guo
American Journal of Roentgenology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Deciphering HER2-low breast cancer (BC): insights from real-world data in early stage breast cancer
Anna Pous, Adrià Bernat-Peguera, Assumpció López-Paradís, Beatriz Cirauqui, Vanesa Quiroga, Iris Teruel, Eudald Felip, Angelica Ferrando-Díez, Milana Bergamino, Laia Boronat, Margarita Romeo, Gemma Soler, Christian Mariño, Paula Rodríguez-Martínez, Laura
Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Liquid biopsy-based technologies: a promising tool for biomarker identification in her2-low breast cancer patients for improved therapeutic outcomes
Aldo D’Alessandro, Anca Florentina Deaconu, Sandro Mandolesi, Federico Pio Fabrizio, Massimo Lombardi, Giovanna Liguori, Giovanni Pepe, Nicola Marino, Aureliano Stingi, Alessandro D’Alessandro, Antonio Giordano
Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Surgical Management of the Axilla in HR+/HER2– Breast Cancer in the Z1071 Era: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis of the National Cancer Database
Vayda R. Barker, Samer A. Naffouje, Melissa A. Mallory, Susan A. Hoover, Christine Laronga
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2023; 30(13): 8371. CrossRef
Noninvasive identification of HER2-low-positive status by MRI-based deep learning radiomics predicts the disease-free survival of patients with breast cancer
Yuan Guo, Xiaotong Xie, Wenjie Tang, Siyi Chen, Mingyu Wang, Yaheng Fan, Chuxuan Lin, Wenke Hu, Jing Yang, Jialin Xiang, Kuiming Jiang, Xinhua Wei, Bingsheng Huang, Xinqing Jiang
European Radiology.2023; 34(2): 899. CrossRef
Systemic investigation of inetetamab in combination with small molecules to treat HER2-overexpressing breast and gastric cancers
Lan Deng, Le Zhao, Lifen Liu, Haomin Huang
Open Life Sciences.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
HER2-low expression in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors
B. Uzunparmak, C. Haymaker, G. Raso, S. Masciari, L. Wang, H. Lin, A. Gorur, B. Kirby, A.-M. Cimo, A. Kennon, Q. Ding, G. Urschel, Y. Yuan, G. Feng, Y. Rizvi, A. Hussain, C. Zhu, P. Kim, G. Abbadessa, V. Subbiah, T.A. Yap, J. Rodon, S.A. Piha-Paul, F. Mer
Annals of Oncology.2023; 34(11): 1035. CrossRef
Data on 2D culture characterisation of potential markers in human HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines
Son H. Pham, Lyn R. Griffiths, Rachel K. Okolicsanyi, Larisa M. Haupt
Data in Brief.2023; 46: 108880. CrossRef
Determining HER2 Status by Artificial Intelligence: An Investigation of Primary, Metastatic, and HER2 Low Breast Tumors
Christiane Palm, Catherine E. Connolly, Regina Masser, Barbara Padberg Sgier, Eva Karamitopoulou, Quentin Simon, Beata Bode, Marianne Tinguely
Diagnostics.2023; 13(1): 168. CrossRef
Gene amplification mutations originate prior to selective stress inAcinetobacter baylyi
Jennifer A Herrmann, Agata Koprowska, Tesa J Winters, Nancy Villanueva, Victoria D Nikityuk, Feini Pek, Elizabeth M Reis, Constancia Z Dominguez, Daniel Davis, Eric McPherson, Staci R Rocco, Cynthia Recendez, Shyla M Difuntorum, Kelly Faeth, Mario D Lopez
G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Flow Rate-Independent Multiscale Liquid Biopsy for Precision Oncology
Jie Wang, Robert Dallmann, Renquan Lu, Jing Yan, Jérôme Charmet
ACS Sensors.2023; 8(3): 1200. CrossRef
Single-cell HER2 quantification via instant signal amplification in microdroplets
Xiaoxian Liu, Yifan Zhu, Caoxin Li, Yanyun Fang, Jinna Chen, Fei Xu, Yanqing Lu, Perry Ping Shum, Ying Liu, Guanghui Wang
Analytica Chimica Acta.2023; 1251: 340976. CrossRef
Molecular imaging of HER2 receptor: Targeting HER2 for imaging and therapy in nuclear medicine
Daniela Miladinova
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
CORRELATION BETWEEN DIFFERENT CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND MOLECULAR SUBTYPES OF FEMALE BREAST CARCINOMA IN SOUTH REGION OF IRAQ
Yassir Alaa Muhammed Hassan Shubbar
Wiadomości Lekarskie.2023; 76(1): 97. CrossRef
Pathological identification of HER2-low breast cancer: Tips, tricks, and troubleshooting for the optimal test
Elham Sajjadi, Elena Guerini-Rocco, Elisa De Camilli, Oriana Pala, Giovanni Mazzarol, Konstantinos Venetis, Mariia Ivanova, Nicola Fusco
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Protective Effect of HER2 Gene Polymorphism rs24537331 in the Outcome of Canine Mammary Tumors
Ana Canadas-Sousa, Marta Santos, Patrícia Dias-Pereira
Animals.2023; 13(8): 1384. CrossRef
Can Patients with HER2-Low Breast Cancer Benefit from Anti-HER2 Therapies? A Review
Jin Wang, Dongying Liao, Xuemin Zhang, Changhong Miao, Kuang Chen
Breast Cancer: Targets and Therapy.2023; Volume 15: 281. CrossRef
HER2 Low Breast Cancer: A New Subtype or a Trojan for Cytotoxic Drug Delivery?
Marina Popović, Tajana Silovski, Marija Križić, Natalija Dedić Plavetić
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(9): 8206. CrossRef
HER2-Low Breast Cancer—Diagnostic Challenges and Opportunities for Insights from Ongoing Studies: A Podcast
Aditya Bardia, Giuseppe Viale
Targeted Oncology.2023; 18(3): 313. CrossRef
Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of predictive and prognostic markers in spontaneous canine mammary cancer
Vladimír Tancoš, Marcel Kovalik, Martin Levkut, Martina Bobrovská, Petra Kolenčíková, Ľubomír Straka, Zuzana Ševčíková, Ondřej Škor, Martina Antošová, Lukáš Plank, Keith L. Thoday
Acta Veterinaria Brno.2023; 92(2): 143. CrossRef
Dissecting sources of variability in patient response to targeted therapy: anti-HER2 therapies as a case study
Timothy Qi, Yanguang Cao
European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences.2023; 186: 106467. CrossRef
The Effect of HER2-Low Status on Pathological Complete Response and Survival in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis
Yakup Ergun, Baran Akagunduz, Cengiz Karacin, Sema Turker, Gokhan Ucar
Clinical Breast Cancer.2023; 23(6): 567. CrossRef
Efficacy, toxicity and prognostic factors of pyrotinib‑involved neoadjuvant therapy in HER2‑positive breast cancer: A retrospective study
Hao Wang, Hailing Cao, Zhiyun Guo
Oncology Letters.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Advancements in clinical aspects of targeted therapy and immunotherapy in breast cancer
Feng Ye, Saikat Dewanjee, Yuehua Li, Niraj Kumar Jha, Zhe-Sheng Chen, Ankush Kumar, Vishakha, Tapan Behl, Saurabh Kumar Jha, Hailin Tang
Molecular Cancer.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Weakly supervised bilayer convolutional network in segmentation of HER2 related cells to guide HER2 targeted therapies
Ching-Wei Wang, Kun-Lin Lin, Hikam Muzakky, Yi-Jia Lin, Tai-Kuang Chao
Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics.2023; 108: 102270. CrossRef
Immune Biomarkers in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Improving the Predictivity of Current Testing Methods
Francesca Maria Porta, Elham Sajjadi, Konstantinos Venetis, Chiara Frascarelli, Giulia Cursano, Elena Guerini-Rocco, Nicola Fusco, Mariia Ivanova
Journal of Personalized Medicine.2023; 13(7): 1176. CrossRef
HER2 Equivocal (Score = 2+) Breast Carcinoma Cases Identified by Immunohistochemistry at a South African Hospital. What is the Impact of Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization Testing?
Reena Dhansukh Mohanlal, Nikki Bouwer, Pascale Willem
Applied Immunohistochemistry & Molecular Morphology.2023; 31(8): 555. CrossRef
Discordance of HER2 Expression and/or Amplification on Repeat Testing
Timothy P. DiPeri, Kathleen Kong, Kaushik Varadarajan, Daniel D. Karp, Jaffer A. Ajani, Shubham Pant, Michael F. Press, Sarina A. Piha-Paul, Ecaterina E. Dumbrava, Funda Meric-Bernstam
Molecular Cancer Therapeutics.2023; 22(8): 976. CrossRef
Low and Ultra-Low HER2 in Human Breast Cancer: An Effort to Define New Neoplastic Subtypes
Mariausilia Franchina, Cristina Pizzimenti, Vincenzo Fiorentino, Maurizio Martini, Giuseppina Rosaria Rita Ricciardi, Nicola Silvestris, Antonio Ieni, Giovanni Tuccari
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(16): 12795. CrossRef
Genetic analysis of oligo-recurrence breast cancer: correlation with clinical outcomes
Kuikui Jiang, Danyang Zhou, Fei Xu, Wen Xia, Qiufan Zheng, Qianyi Lu, Rongzhen Luo, Ruoxi Hong, Shusen Wang
BMC Cancer.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Single domain antibodies specific for HER2 dimerization domain effectively disrupts HER2 dimerization
Ahmad Najafi, Reza Valadan, Hossein Asgarian-Omran, Alireza Rafiei, Mohsen Tehrani
International Immunopharmacology.2023; 124: 110999. CrossRef
Récepteur du facteur de croissance épidermique HER2, tests utilisés pour rechercher son amplification dans le cancer du sein : principes et limites
Imane Eliahiai, Mohammed Eljiar, Sanae Chaib, Jinane KHarmoum, Mariame Chraïbi
Bulletin du Cancer.2023; 110(12): 1301. CrossRef
Integrated Molecular Characterization of HER2-Low Breast Cancer Using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)
Jean-Louis Merlin, Marie Husson, Nassim Sahki, Pauline Gilson, Vincent Massard, Alexandre Harlé, Agnès Leroux
Biomedicines.2023; 11(12): 3164. CrossRef
GLUCOSE LEVELS OF PLEURAL EFFUSION FLUID AND HER2 STATUS IN PLEURAL-METASTATIC BREAST CANCER
Muhammad Dhanny Irawan, Desak Gede Agung Suprabawati, Heru Purwanto
Majalah Biomorfologi.2023; 33(2): 75. CrossRef
Design of a Ratiometric Plasmonic Biosensor for Herceptin Detection in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
Neda Shahbazi, Rouholah Zare-Dorabei, Seyed Morteza Naghib
ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering.2022; 8(2): 871. CrossRef
A highly sensitive nanobiosensor based on aptamer-conjugated graphene-decorated rhodium nanoparticles for detection of HER2-positive circulating tumor cells
Mahdi Sadeghi, Soheila Kashanian, Seyed Morteza Naghib, Esfandyar Askari, Fateme Haghiralsadat, Davood Tofighi
Nanotechnology Reviews.2022; 11(1): 793. CrossRef
Anti-HER2 therapy in metastatic breast cancer: many choices and future directions
Carrie S. Wynn, Shou-Ching Tang
Cancer and Metastasis Reviews.2022; 41(1): 193. CrossRef
Electroanalytical overview: screen-printed electrochemical sensing platforms for the detection of vital cardiac, cancer and inflammatory biomarkers
Robert D. Crapnell, Alejandro Garcia-Miranda Ferrari, Nina C. Dempsey, Craig E. Banks
Sensors & Diagnostics.2022; 1(3): 405. CrossRef
FTO genotype was associated with breast cancer in HER2 negative patients
Fateme Montazeri, Hossein Hatami, Soroor Fathi, Naeemeh Hasanpour Ardekanizadeh, Fatemeh Bourbour, Samira Rastgoo, Fatemeh Shafiee, Mohammad Esmail Akbari, Maryam Gholamalizadeh, Seyed Alireza Mosavi Jarrahi, Saeid Doaei
Clinical Nutrition ESPEN.2022; 49: 495. CrossRef
Breast Cancer Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 mRNA Molecular Testing Compared to Immunohistochemistry with Correlation to Neoadjuvant Therapy Response
Mahmoud Behairy, Samia Mohamed Gabal, Mohamed Sherif Negm
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences.2022; 10(A): 352. CrossRef
Validity and utility of HER2/ERBB2 copy number variation assessed in liquid biopsies from breast cancer patients: A systematic review
Noortje Verschoor, Teoman Deger, Agnes Jager, Stefan Sleijfer, Saskia M. Wilting, John W.M. Martens
Cancer Treatment Reviews.2022; 106: 102384. CrossRef
RETRACTED: Longitude Variation of the microRNA-497/FGF-23 Axis during Treatment and Its Linkage with Neoadjuvant/Adjuvant Trastuzumab-Induced Cardiotoxicity in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Patients
Hui Liu, Xiaoyan Hu, Lingyun Wang, Tao Du, Jing Feng, Ming Li, Lei Liu, Xiaofang Liu
Frontiers in Surgery.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Use of Radionuclide-Based Imaging Methods in Breast Cancer
Betül Altunay, Agnieszka Morgenroth, Felix M. Mottaghy
Seminars in Nuclear Medicine.2022; 52(5): 561. CrossRef
Functional regulations between genetic alteration-driven genes and drug target genes acting as prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer
Li Wang, Lei Yu, Jian Shi, Feng Li, Caiyu Zhang, Haotian Xu, Xiangzhe Yin, Lixia Wang, Shihua Lin, Anastasiia Litvinova, Yanyan Ping, Shangwei Ning, Hongying Zhao
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 and endocrine resistance in hormone-dependent breast cancer
Anastasia Alataki, Mitch Dowsett
Endocrine-Related Cancer.2022; 29(8): R105. CrossRef
The Evolution of Targeted Radionuclide Diagnosis of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
Olga D. Bragina, Sergei M. Deyev, Vladimir I. Chernov, Vladimir M. Tolmachev
Acta Naturae.2022; 14(2): 4. CrossRef
Deriving tumor purity from cancer next generation sequencing data: applications for quantitative ERBB2 (HER2) copy number analysis and germline inference of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations
Stephanie E. Siegmund, Danielle K. Manning, Phani K. Davineni, Fei Dong
Modern Pathology.2022; 35(10): 1458. CrossRef
Current challenges and unmet needs in treating patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive advanced breast cancer
Matti Aapro, Fatima Cardoso, Giuseppe Curigliano, Alexandru Eniu, Joseph Gligorov, Nadia Harbeck, Andreas Mueller, Olivia Pagani, Shani Paluch-Shimon, Elzbieta Senkus, Beat Thürlimann, Khalil Zaman
The Breast.2022; 66: 145. CrossRef
[Retracted] Application of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Assisted by Fluorescence Microscope in Detection of Her2 Gene in Breast Cancer Patients
Fang Lu, Tingting Zhou, Yan Liu, Liying Song, Bin Zhang, Yuyan Li, Sorayouth Chumnanvej
Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
High sensitivity label-free detection of HER2 using an Al–GaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor-based biosensor
Shivanshu Mishra, Pharyanshu Kachhawa, Amber Kumar Jain, Rajiv Ranjan Thakur, Nidhi Chaturvedi
Lab on a Chip.2022; 22(21): 4129. CrossRef
Indian Data on HER2 Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in Invasive Breast Cancer with Immunohistochemically Equivocal Results As Per 2018 ASCO/CAP Guidelines
B. R. Nagarjun, Biren Parikh, Manaswi Nareshkumar Patel, Pina J. Trivedi, Dharmesh M. Patel
South Asian Journal of Cancer.2022; 11(04): 281. CrossRef
S‑phase fraction, lymph node status and disease staging as the main prognostic factors to differentiate between young and older patients with invasive breast carcinoma
António Pinto, João Matos, Teresa Pereira, Giovani Silva, Saudade André
Oncology Letters.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Inferring tumor-specific cancer dependencies through integrating ex vivo drug response assays and drug-protein profiling
Alina Batzilla, Junyan Lu, Jarno Kivioja, Kerstin Putzker, Joe Lewis, Thorsten Zenz, Wolfgang Huber, James Gallo
PLOS Computational Biology.2022; 18(8): e1010438. CrossRef
Clinical possibilities of HER2-positive breast cancer diagnosis using alternative scaffold proteins
O. D. Bragina, V. I. Chernov, S. M. Deyev, V. M. Tolmachev
Bulletin of Siberian Medicine.2022; 21(3): 132. CrossRef
Molecular Pathology of Gastric Cancer
Moonsik Kim, An Na Seo
Journal of Gastric Cancer.2022; 22(4): 264. CrossRef
Loss of NECTIN1 triggers melanoma dissemination upon local IGF1 depletion
Julien Ablain, Amira Al Mahi, Harriet Rothschild, Meera Prasad, Sophie Aires, Song Yang, Maxim E. Dokukin, Shuyun Xu, Michelle Dang, Igor Sokolov, Christine G. Lian, Leonard I. Zon
Nature Genetics.2022; 54(12): 1839. CrossRef
Advanced diagnosis technologies for HER2 breast cancer markers
Mengxue Zhang
Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology.2022; 14: 44. CrossRef
An Overview of Clinical Development of Agents for Metastatic or Advanced Breast Cancer Without ERBB2 Amplification (HER2-Low)
Aleix Prat, Aditya Bardia, Giuseppe Curigliano, M. Elizabeth H. Hammond, Sibylle Loibl, Sara M. Tolaney, Giuseppe Viale
JAMA Oncology.2022; 8(11): 1676. CrossRef
Development of T-cell engagers selective for cells co-expressing two antigens
Danielle M. Dicara, Sunil Bhakta, Mary Ann Go, James Ziai, Ron Firestein, Bill Forrest, Chen Gu, Steven R. Leong, Genee Lee, Shang-Fan Yu, Andrew G. Polson, Nicholas J. Agard
mAbs.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The clinical significance of HER2 expression in DCIS
Ioanna Akrida, Francesk Mulita
Medical Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Breast Cancer: Spotlight on HER2
Rachel Occhiogrosso Abelman, Arielle Medford, Laura Spring, Aditya Bardia
The Cancer Journal.2022; 28(6): 423. CrossRef
The Clinical Utility of Droplet Digital PCR for Profiling Circulating Tumor DNA in Breast Cancer Patients
Ugur Gezer, Abel J. Bronkhorst, Stefan Holdenrieder
Diagnostics.2022; 12(12): 3042. CrossRef
Lapatinib and lapatinib plus trastuzumab therapy versus trastuzumab therapy for HER2 positive breast cancer patients: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Ye Yuan, Xumei Liu, Yi Cai, Wenyuan Li
Systematic Reviews.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Interactions dietary components with expression level of breast cancer-related genes
Fatemeh Bourbour, Azam Pourtaheri, Khadijeh Abbasi, Naeemeh Hasanpour Ardekanizadeh, Maryam Gholamalizadeh, Azadeh Hajipour, Sepideh Abdollahi, Seyedeh Elaheh Bagheri, Mina Ahmadzadeh, Saeid Doaei, Arezoo Haghighian
Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
HER2-directed antibodies, affibodies and nanobodies as drug-delivery vehicles in breast cancer with a specific focus on radioimmunotherapy and radioimmunoimaging
Betül Altunay, Agnieszka Morgenroth, Mohsen Beheshti, Andreas Vogg, Nicholas C. L. Wong, Hong Hoi Ting, Hans-Jürgen Biersack, Elmar Stickeler, Felix M. Mottaghy
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.2021; 48(5): 1371. CrossRef
Risk-based decision-making in the treatment of HER2-positive early breast cancer: Recommendations based on the current state of knowledge
Christian Jackisch, Patricia Cortazar, Charles E. Geyer, Luca Gianni, Joseph Gligorov, Zuzana Machackova, Edith A. Perez, Andreas Schneeweiss, Sara M. Tolaney, Michael Untch, Andrew Wardley, Martine Piccart
Cancer Treatment Reviews.2021; 99: 102229. CrossRef
Histologic Patterns of Cutaneous Metastases of Breast Carcinoma: A Clinicopathologic Study of 232 Cases
Shira Ronen, David Suster, Wei-Shen Chen, Natali Ronen, Sri Krishna C. Arudra, Celestine Trinidad, Doina Ivan, Victor G. Prieto, Saul Suster
The American Journal of Dermatopathology.2021; 43(6): 401. CrossRef
Standardized pathology report for breast cancer
Soo Youn Cho, So Yeon Park, Young Kyung Bae, Jee Yeon Kim, Eun Kyung Kim, Woo Gyeong Kim, Youngmee Kwon, Ahwon Lee, Hee Jin Lee, Ji Shin Lee, Jee Young Park, Gyungyub Gong, Hye Kyoung Yoon
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2021; 55(1): 1. CrossRef
The impact of oral contraceptive use on breast cancer risk: State of the art and future perspectives in the era of 4P medicine
R. Bonfiglio, M.L. Di Pietro
Seminars in Cancer Biology.2021; 72: 11. CrossRef
The Co-Expression of Melanoma-Antigen Family a Proteins and New York Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma-1 in Breast Cancer: A Pilot Study
Yu-Xin Wang, Feng-Lian Li, Li-Xin Du, Jun-Fang Liu, Li-Gang Huo, Shu-Qing Li, Bin Tian
Cancer Management and Research.2021; Volume 13: 6123. CrossRef
Targeting HER2 protein in individual cells using ICP-MS detection and its potential as prognostic and predictive breast cancer biomarker
A. Fernández Asensio, M. Corte-Rodríguez, J. Bettmer, L.M. Sierra, M. Montes-Bayón, E. Blanco- González
Talanta.2021; 235: 122773. CrossRef
Development of a 99mTc-Labeled Single-Domain Antibody for SPECT/CT Assessment of HER2 Expression in Breast Cancer
Lingzhou Zhao, Changcun Liu, Yan Xing, Jin He, Jim O’Doherty, Wenhua Huang, Jinhua Zhao
Molecular Pharmaceutics.2021; 18(9): 3616. CrossRef
WITHDRAWN: Nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques dans les cancers du sein HER2-surexprimé
Benoîte Mery, Philippe Toussaint, Pierre-Etienne Heudel, Armelle Dufresne, Mélodie Carbonnaux, Hélène Vanacker, Thomas Bachelot, Olivier Trédan
Bulletin du Cancer.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Retrospective observational study of HER2 immunohistochemistry in borderline breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy, with an emphasis on Group 2 (HER2/CEP17 ratio ≥2.0, HER2 copy number <4.0 signals/cell) cases
Emad A. Rakha, Islam M. Miligy, Cecily M. Quinn, Elena Provenzano, Abeer M. Shaaban, Caterina Marchiò, Michael S. Toss, Grace Gallagy, Ciara Murray, Janice Walshe, Ayaka Katayama, Karim Eldib, Nahla Badr, Bruce Tanchel, Rebecca Millican-Slater, Colin Purd
British Journal of Cancer.2021; 124(11): 1836. CrossRef
Loss of HER2‐positivity following neoadjuvant targeted therapy for breast cancer is not associated with inferior oncologic outcomes
Catherine L. Wetzel, Thomas L. Sutton, Stuart Gardiner, Maryam Farinola, Nathalie Johnson, Jennifer R. Garreau
Journal of Surgical Oncology.2021; 124(8): 1224. CrossRef
Clinical and Genetic Predictive Models for the Prediction of Pathological Complete Response to Optimize the Effectiveness for Trastuzumab Based Chemotherapy
Lun Li, Min Chen, Shuyue Zheng, Hanlu Li, Weiru Chi, Bingqiu Xiu, Qi Zhang, Jianjing Hou, Jia Wang, Jiong Wu
Frontiers in Oncology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
tRNA‐derived fragments: tRF‐Gly‐CCC‐046, tRF‐Tyr‐GTA‐010 and tRF‐Pro‐TGG‐001 as novel diagnostic biomarkers for breast cancer
Yue Zhang, Zhao Bi, Xiaohan Dong, Miao Yu, Kangyu Wang, Xingguo Song, Li Xie, Xianrang Song
Thoracic Cancer.2021; 12(17): 2314. CrossRef
Detection of secondary metastatic breast cancer by measurement of plasma CA 15.3
L. De Cock, J. Heylen, A. Wildiers, K. Punie, A. Smeets, C. Weltens, P. Neven, J. Billen, A. Laenen, H. Wildiers
ESMO Open.2021; 6(4): 100203. CrossRef
Standardized Pathology Report for Breast Cancer
Soo Youn Cho, So Yeon Park, Young Kyung Bae, Jee Yeon Kim, Eun Kyung Kim, Woo Gyeong Kim, Youngmee Kwon, Ahwon Lee, Hee Jin Lee, Ji Shin Lee, Jee Young Park, Gyungyub Gong, Hye Kyoung Yoon
Journal of Breast Cancer.2021; 24(1): 1. CrossRef
Circular RNA circ-ERBB2 promotes HER2-positive breast cancer progression and metastasis via sponging miR-136-5p and miR-198
Jin-xiu Zhong, Yun-yuan Kong, Rong-guang Luo, Guo-jin Xia, Wen-xing He, Xue-zhong Chen, Wei-wei Tan, Qing-jie Chen, Yu-yin Huang, Yan-xing Guan
Journal of Translational Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques dans les cancers du sein HER2-surexprimé
Benoîte Mery, Philippe Toussaint, Pierre-Etienne Heudel, Armelle Dufresne, Mélodie Carbonnaux, Hélène Vanacker, Thomas Bachelot, Olivier Trédan
Bulletin du Cancer.2021; 108(11): 11S8. CrossRef
Association of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors with Clinicopathological Prognostic Factors in Breast Cancer
Ali Abdul Hadi Abdul-Kareem, Qahtan A. Mahdi
Medical Journal of Babylon.2021; 18(2): 111. CrossRef
HER2 alterations in non-small-cell lung cancer – Druggable or undruggable?
Suresh Kumar Bondili, Ravindra Nandhana, Vanita Noronha, Swayamprabha Pawar, Nandini Menon, Omshree Shetty, Anuradha Chougule, Abhishek Mahajan, Rajiv Kumar, Vijay M. Patil, Amit Joshi, Kumar Prabhash
Cancer Research, Statistics, and Treatment.2021; 4(2): 374. CrossRef
UCNP-based Photoluminescent Nanomedicines for Targeted Imaging and Theranostics of Cancer
Evgenii L. Guryev, Anita S. Smyshlyaeva, Natalia Y. Shilyagina, Evgeniya A. Sokolova, Samah Shanwar, Alexey B. Kostyuk, Alexander V. Lyubeshkin, Alexey A. Schulga, Elena V. Konovalova, Quan Lin, Indrajit Roy, Irina V. Balalaeva, Sergey M. Deyev, Andrei V.
Molecules.2020; 25(18): 4302. CrossRef
Impact of the Updated Guidelines on Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) Testing in Breast Cancer
Min Chong Kim, Su Hwan Kang, Jung Eun Choi, Young Kyung Bae
Journal of Breast Cancer.2020; 23(5): 484. CrossRef

Original Articles

Metaplastic Squamous Carcinoma of the Breast: Clinicopathologic Analysis of 17 Cases.: Sun Ah Lee, Kyung Eun Lee, Byung In Moon, Woon Sup Han, Sun Hee Sung; Korean J Pathol. 2009;43(1):20-25.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2009.43.1.20

3,848 View
41 Download
2 Crossref

Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Squamous cell carcinoma of the breast is very rare and it is considered to arise from metaplastic change of ductal carcinoma. Metaplastic squamous cell carcinoma (MSC) of the breast includes pure squamous cell carcinoma, metaplastic adenosquamous carcinoma and low grade adenosquamous carcinoma. Most of the cases of MSC of the breast were reported to have lymph node metastasis and this has a worse prognosis than that of conventional invasive ductal carcinoma.
METHODS
We collected 17 cases of MSC of the breast from 1,173 cases of breast cancer and analyzed the clinicopathological characteristics.
RESULTS
The age range was 31 to 69 years (mean age: 47.2). The mean tumor size was 3.6 cm. Twelve cases (70.6%) had a negative nodal status. The majority of the cases were of a high nuclear grade (grade III: 76.5%), and a high histologic grade (grade III: 88.2%). All the cases had no amplification of HER2, and they were negative for hormonal receptors, except for 2 cases with weak positivity. All the cases showed positivity for EGFR (3+: 14 cases, 1+: 3 cases). Clinical relapse was found in 3 patients on follow up and two of them expired due to lung and bone metastasis.
CONCLUSIONS
MSC is associated with high nuclear and histologic grades, a high EGFR expression and they are triple negative for ER, PR, and HER2. The EGFR immunopositivity of MSC suggests a basal-like subtype.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Eccrine ductal and acrosyringeal metaplasia in breast carcinomas: report of eight cases
Tibor Tot
Virchows Archiv.2019; 474(3): 383. CrossRef
Significance of Foxp3 Positive Regulatory T Cell and Tumor Infiltrating T Lymphocyte in Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Hanna Kang, Harin Cheong, Min Sun Cho, Heasoo Koo, Woon Sup Han, Kyung Eun Lee, Byung In Moon, Sun Hee Sung
The Korean Journal of Pathology.2011; 45(1): 53. CrossRef

The Effect of Tamoxifen and Pentosan Polysulfate on the Microvessel Density and Cell Proliferation of Dimethylbenzanthracene-Induced Rat Mammary Carcinoma.: Chan Heun Park, Zhe Piao, Kwang Gil Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(2):94-105.

1,712 View
17 Download

Abstract PDF: Antiestrogen tamoxifen (TMX) is thought to elicit its therapeutic effect by competing with endogenous estrogens for the estrogen receptor. Several more recent studies asserted that the antitumor effect of TMX is not due solely to the inhibition of estrogen receptor-mediated action, but due partly to its capacity to inhibit angiogenesis and impair neovascularization. Despite extensive research and clinical experience with this drug, its exact mode of action in inducing tumor regression is still not clear. The present study is aimed toward the investigation of the effects of TMX on dimethylbenzanthracene- induced rat mammary carcinomas with respect to the tumor response to the drugs, histological changes, cell proliferative acitivity and angiogenesis inhibition, and if TMX has antiangiogenic action, to compare it with that of pentosan polysulfate (PPS), an already known antiangiogenic substance. Female Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 50 days, were divided into normal control, test control (tumor induction by dimethylbenzanthracene), TMX (TMX administration after tumor induction), and PPS (PPS administration after tumor induction) groups. Tumor response to the drug administration was classified according to changes of tumor volume as follows; complete response (CR), partial response (PR), no response (NR), and progressive disease (PD). The response rate of rat mammary carcinomas to the drug administration was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the TMX and PPS groups as compared with the test control group. There was, however, no statistical significance between the TMX and PPS groups. Necrosis was considerably frequent in tumors of the TMX and PPS groups. Hyaline change of the stroma was strikingly more common and marked in the TMX group and it was associated with atrophy of epithelial cells of the tumor glands. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)- labeling index of the tumors was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the tumors with NR and PD of the TMX group when compared with those with PR of the same group, which suggested a higher cell proliferative activity in these response groups. In the PPS group, however, there was no significant difference in PCNA index according to response. Microvessel density of the tumors was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the PPS group as compared with the test control and TMX groups and it was not related with response. The TMX group, however, did not show any significant difference in microvessel density when compared with the test control group. Microvessel density was significantly higher (p<0.05) in tumors with PD than those with PR in all 3 groups, which suggested a positive relation of increase in tumor size and angiogenesis. Based on these results it is thought that TMX and PPS inhibit growth of chemically-induced rat mammary carcinomas. It seems that the antitumor action of PPS is related with its antiangiogenic capability, but that of TMX does not have a relationship with angiogenenesis inhibition.

Analysis of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in Breast Carcinoma: Comparison of immunocytochemical assay with biochemical dextran-coated charcoal assay.: Ill Hyang Ko, Kyeong Mee Park; Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(3):228-237.

1,629 View
27 Download

Abstract PDF: Estrogen receptor(ER) is a soluble form of hormone receptor protein which is located in the nucleus and cytoplasm of a cell is found in 60% of cases of the cells of breast carcinoma. Fifty to sixty percent of ER positive breast carcinoma responds to antihormone therapy wheres the response rate is only 5% in ER negative tumors. Currently, the ER assay has become a standard index in the management and prediction of the prognosis of advanced breast carcinoma. Semiquantitative biochemical assay, dextran-coated charcol(DCC) assay, to measure ER from fresh tissue was first developed by Korenman in 1970 using isotope-labled ertradiol, has been widely utilized. In 1978, Kurzon newly developed immunocytochemical assay(ICA) employing monoclonal antibody against those hormone receptors to detect intracellular localization of ER and progesterone receptor (PR). The results of the assay have been reported by many investigators thereafter. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hormonal receptors with a monoclonal antibody using an immunoperoxidase procedure to detect both estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER-immunocytochemical assay:ER-ICA and PR-immunocytochemical assay:PR-ICA) in 59 cases of paraffin embedded sections from formalin-fixed and routinely processed breast carcinoma tissue. Concomitantly, fine-needle aspiration biopsy cytology of the breast cancer from 29 women were assayed for ER/PR receptors. Results were compared with quantitative biochemical values determined from dextran-coated charcoal(DCC) assay on the fresh tumor tissue obtained subsequently from the surgery. ER-ICA showed positive result in 22 out of 36 DCC-positive cases(sensitivity, 61.1%) and negative in 23 out of 23 DCC-negative cases (specificity, 100.0%). PR-ICA was positive in 33 out of 35 DCC-positive cases(sensitivity, 94.3%) and negative in 16 out of 24 DCC-negative cases(specificity, 66.7%). The value of ER-ICA or PR-ICA positivity were roughly correlated with the concentration of ER/PR receptors analyzed by DCC method. The results of both methods were correlated with the nuclear grade of the tumor(ICA:p=0.002, DCC: p=0.015) but were not correlated with histologic grade(ICA: p=0.323, DCC: p=0.0164). ER-ICA positivity was correlated with lower incidence of axillary node metastasis (p=0.021) but no significant correlation between PR-ICA positivity and node metastasis(p=0.171). Both ER/PR-ICA positivity were not correlated with age(p=0.924) and tumor size(p=0.663). The score of ICA particularly ER was proportional to DCC level(ER: r=0.5, p=0.000, PR: r=0.2, p=0.000). ICA concordance with DCC of ER and PR were 76.3% and 83.1%, respectively. The concordance of PR-ICA and DCC was proportional but was statistically less significant. In aspiration biopsy cytology the concordance of ER/PR-ICA and DCC were 72.4% and 65.5%, respectively. Immunocytochemical staining to identify ER/PR receptors from the tissue of breast carcinoma would be tested as a mean to substitute for the conventional DCC method.

Case Report

Secretory Carcinoma of the Breast: A case report.: Kyu Rae Kim, Jung Hyun Yang, Yeon Lim Seo, Howe Jung Ree; Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(4):347-350.

1,579 View
15 Download

Abstract PDF: We report a case of secretory carcinoma with axillary lymph node metastasis in a 21-year old woman. She was aware of a mass in her breast for 10 years and noticed a rapid growth of the preexisting mass during the last years. Histologically, the tumor was composed of micropapillary and microcystic or cribriform glandular structures which contained eosinophilic, mucinous, intraluminal secretions. The center had a dense hyalinized strama with a solid infiltrative growth of tumor cells with intracytoplasmic secretory vacuoles at the periphery. In addition, marked intraductal papillary epithelial proliferations were present at the superficial portions of the tumor near the nipple. Prognostic factors and their relationship to juvenile papillomatosis are discussed with a review of the literature.

Original Articles

Tumor Angiogenesis and Cathepsin-D Expression in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast.: Young Gyung Bae, Dae Hong Suh, Dong Sug Kim, Soo Jung Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(8):735-744.

1,574 View
17 Download

Abstract PDF: This study was conducted to assess the prognostic value of tumor angiogenesis and Cathepsin-D in breast carcinoma, by correlating them with other clinicopathologic prognostic factors. In order to estimate microvessels within the tumor, an immunohistochemical method using monoclonal antibodies for factor VIII-related antigens (DAKO-vWf, F8/86) was used, and they were counted (perx200 field) in the most active areas of neovascularization. For the expression of Cathepsin-D, an immunohistochemical method using monoclonal antibodies (Novocastra, NCL-CDm) was performed. The microvessel count ranged from 8 to 346 per x200 field and the mean (+/-SD) was 72.46+/-54.96. The microvessel count was correlated with the estrogen receptor status, and it was also correlated with the tumor size when it was graded into four groups (1-33, 34-67, 68-100, >100), but was not correlated with other clinicopathologic parameters. Cathepsin-D was expressed in 40% (46/115) of the cases, but it was statistically correlated with the tumor size only. In conclusion, the expression of Cathepsin D and the degree of angiogenesis in breast cancer showed a correlation with the tumor size only. Therefore, they do not appear to be good prognostic parameters, according to the present study.

Expression of the pS2 Protein and Its Relation with Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor in Breast Cancer.: Eun Deok Chang, Chung Soo Chun; Korean J Pathol. 1998;32(3):169-173.

1,855 View
16 Download

Abstract PDF: Expression of the pS2 protein in breast carcinoma is a useful guide to evaluate the prognosis and response to tamoxifen. The pS2 protein is an estrogen-regulated 60 amino acid protein which was originally discovered following the screening of cDNA libraries in MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells and is induced through estrogen-dependent transcription of the pS2 gene. The presence of the pS2 protein in breast cancer is considered as valuable as the receptor status, or even more so, in predicting the response to hormonal therapy. We have investigated the pS2 protein expression in 62 cases of primary breast cancer in order to know the relationship between the expression rate of the pS2 protein and hormonal receptor status using immunohistochemical procedures on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. Concomitantly, both the estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) were examined using the immunohistochemical technique. Positive staining for the pS2 was seen in forty-nine cases (79%) of the tumors. Forty three cases (88%) of the pS2 positive tumors were ER positive and forty one cases (84%) of the pS2 positive tumors were PR positive ; forty six cases (93%) of pS2 positive tumors were positive for ER and/or PR. The pS2 status correlated significantly with the ER (p<0.0001) and PR (p<0.001). The results reveal a close association between the pS2 protein and either or both the ER and PR status.

The Expression of p53, c-erbB-2 and nm23 Proteins in Breast Cancer.: Kyo Young Lee, Yong Goo Kim, Young Shin Kim, Kyung Ja Han, Chang Suk Kang, Jean A Kim, Won Il Kim, Sang In Shim; Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(2):88-95.

1,459 View
10 Download

Abstract: Recently, p53, c-erbB-2 and nm23 proteins have been studied in breast cancer. The expression of p53 protein indicates the mutation of p53 gene known as a tumor supressor gene, and c-erbB-2 gene amplification has been considered an indicator of poor prognosis and nm23 a metastsis suppressor gene. In order to elucidate the roles and relations of these proteins in the develpoment, progression and metastasis in breast cancer, we studied 89 cases of invasive breast cancer and 32 cases of lymph node metastasis for the expression of p53, c-erbB-2 and nm23 proteins using an immunohistochemical method. The results were as follows: 1) The expression rates of p53, c-erbB-2, and nm23 proteins in breast cancer were 40.4%, 34.8% and 55.1%, respectively. Co-expression of p53 protein and c-erbB-2 protein was found in 20.2% of cases, showing the highest incidence in poorly differentiated type (40%). 2) p53 protein expression was increased in poorly differentiated type but was not statistically significant. On the other hand, the expression of nm23 protein was decreased in poorly differentiated type, which was statistically significant (p<0.05). 3) The correlation of p53 protein expression with c-erbB-2 protein expression was statistically significant (p<0.05) but that with nm23 protein was not. 4) In the cases with lymph node metastasis, discordant expression of p53, c-erbB-2 and nm23 proteins between primary tumor and the lymph node metastatic tumor was found in 9.4%, 3.1% and 18.8% of cases, respectively. The above results suggest that overexpression of p53 and c-erbB-2 proteins and downregulation of nm23 protein are associated with the tumor progression in the breast cancer.

Analyses of Genetic Alterations in Breast Cancers by Comparative Genomic Hybridization.: Jin Man Kim, Young Mi Jeon, Young Hyeh Ko, Kyu Sang Song, Howe J Ree, Joo Seob Keum, Jae Hyuk Lee, Sun Hoe Koo; Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(8):603-613.

1,819 View
17 Download

Abstract PDF: Transformation and progression of breast cancer are thought to be caused by an accumulation of complex genetic alterations, but little is known about specific changes. In this study, the author has undertaken a genome-wide screening to detect genetic changes in 20 cases of breast cancer among Koreans, including 16 infiltrating ductal carcinomas, 2 medullary carcinomas, 1 invasive lobular carcinoma, and 1 borderline phyllodes tumor. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was used to screen for DNA sequence gains and losses across all human chromosomes. Simultaneous immunohistochemical staining for c-erbB-2 (Her-2/neu), c-myc, cyclin D1, and p53 protein was done to make comparisons with nuclear grade and that with CGH results. Biotin-labeled tumor DNA and digoxigenin-labeled normal DNA were hybridized to normal metaphase cells. The fluorescence signals were captured by fluorescence microscope after detection by avidin-FITC and anti-digoxigenin rhodamine. Then, the ratio of fluorescence was calculated by an image analyzer. The immunohistochemical staining was done in paraffin-embedded tissue with an LSAB kit and avidin-biotin complex (ABC) method. The CGH results showed gains on chromosomes 8q (40%), 1q (30%), 17q (15%), 20q (15%), 18q (15%), 5p (15%), and 13q (15%). Deletions were on chromosomes 17p (45%) and 22q (20%). High-level amplifications (green/red ratio >1.5) were noted on chromosomes 1p31, 1q, 3q25-qter, 5p, 7q31-qter, 8q, 9p22-qter, 10p, 11p, 11q22-qter, 12p, 12q24, 14q21-qter, 15q23-qter, 17q, 18p, 18q12-qter, 20p, and 20q. By comparison with infiltrating ductal carcinoma, the two medullary carcinomas showed high-level amplification on chromosomes 1p31, 1q, 8q, 10p, 11p and 12p. c-erbB-2, c-myc, cyclin D1, and p53 protein expression was immunohistochemically detected in 9 of 20 (45%), 8 of 20 (40%), 10 of 20 (50%), and 13 of 20 (65%), respectively. The results indicate that the amplification on chromosome 8q, 1q and the deletions on chromosomes 17p and 22q are the most frequent genetic alterations in breast cancers among Koreans. The results reveal a different pattern of genetic alteration from previous studies. The CGH results were not correlated with the immunohistochemical profiles. The amplification pattern of medullary carcinomas was quite different from the pattern of infiltrating ductal carcinomas. The CGH was thought to be very useful in the screening of genetic alterations of solid tumors.

Correlation of Expression of CD44, p53 and bcl-2 Protein, DNA Ploidy Pattern, and Clinicopathologic Prognostic Factors in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast.: Mi Ja Lee, Ho Jong Jeon, Kweon Cheon Kim; Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(12):1152-1162.

1,633 View
24 Download

Abstract PDF: In this study of 64 cases of breast cancer with a clinical follow-up period of more than 5 years, several prognostic factors were evaluated. The purpose of this study was to determine whether any one parameter or group of parameters serves as adequate predictors of tumor behavior and patient's prognosis. Several prognostic factors included clinicopathological variables (patient's age, histologic grade, status of lymph node (LN) metastasis, and tumor size), expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), p53, bcl-2 and CD44 by immunohistochemistry, and DNA ploidy pattern. The results showed that the expression of ER and PR had a significant inverse correlation with the histologic grade (ER, p=0.05; PR, p<0.05). The expression of p53 protein showed a significant relationship with high histologic grade of tumor (p<0.05). The expression of bcl-2 protein was preferably seen in low histologic grade of tumor (p<0.05) and significantly associated with ER positive or PR positive tumors (ER, p<0.05; PR, p<0.05). This results suggest that bcl-2 protein might play significant roles in ER and PR. The CD44 expression showed a significant relationship with tumor size (p<0.05). The large size and aneuploidy pattern of tumor had a tendency to be associated with shorter patient survival. Cox's multivariate analysis showed that overall survival was affected by LN metastasis because of the shorter survival in patients with LN metastasis. In conclusion, tumor size, DNA ploidy pattern, and LN metastasis were themselves significant predictors of breast cancer survival rate.

Significance of c-kit and COX-2 Expression in Breast Tissue.: Eun Kyung Kim, Won Mi Lee, Jong Eun Joo, Sook Kyung Ko; Korean J Pathol. 2008;42(3):157-161.

1,748 View
19 Download

Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The proto-oncogene c-kit encodes a transmembrane tyrosine kinase growth factor receptor. Studies have shown that c-kit is highly expressed in normal breast epithelium, but expression is decreased in primary breast cancer. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an inducible enzyme that converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Expression of COX-2 has been reported in malignant tumors including breast cancer. We evaluated the expression of c-kit and COX-2 in benign and malignant lesions of the breast to assess the roles of these proteins in cancer initiation and progression.
METHODS
We characterized 20 benign lesions, 20 intraductal carcinomas and 70 invasive breast carcinomas. Immunohistochemical staining for c-kit and COX-2 was performed.
RESULTS
Expression of c-kit was detected in 75% of the benign breast lesions, 40% of the intraductal carcinomas and 10% of the invasive carcinomas. COX-2 expression was observed in 80% of the benign lesions, 70% of the intraductal carcinomas and 52% of the invasive carcinomas. Expression of c-kit was significantly correlated with tumor size (p=0.02). COX-2 expression was significantly correlated with negative expression of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor (p=0.02, p=0.04), Her-2/neu expression (p=0.008) and the high proliferation index (p=0.0002).
CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that c-kit and COX-2 might be involved in malignant transformation of the mammary epithelium and tumor progression. It is suggested that c-kit and COX-2 can be used as predictive markers and therapeutic targets.

Reduced Expression of Claudin-7 Correlates with Invasiveness and Nuclear Grade of Breast Carcinomas.: Sang Hee Seok, Su Hwan Kang, Soo Jung Lee, Tae Yoon Hwang, Young Kyung Bae; Korean J Pathol. 2007;41(3):158-164.

1,599 View
19 Download

Abstract PDF: Background
: Claudins are important components of the tight junctions in the intercellular barriers and cell polarity. Among them, claudin-7 is down-regulated in breast cancers compared with the normal breast epithelium. The aim of this study was to determine the expression pattern and prognostic value of claudin-7 in breast carcinomas.
Methods
: Claudin-7 expression was evaluated immunohistochemically in 42 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and in 142 cases of invasive breast carcinoma (IBC) using a tissue microarray (TMA).
Results
: Claudin- 7 was strongly expressed in the normal luminal epithelial cells in the breast lobule. The level of claudin-7 expression was significantly lower or absent in 45.2% (19/42) of DCIS and 72.5% (103/142) of IBC. A loss or reduced expression of claudin-7 correlated with the invasiveness (p=0.001) of breast carcinomas and a high nuclear grade (p=0.013) in IBC.
Conclusion
Claudin-7 is an important tight junction protein in the breast and a loss of expression may assist in the dissociation and invasion of tumor cells.

Subcellular Localization of p27(kip1) in Breast Cancer and Its Prognostic Significance.: Sook Hee Hong, Dae Choel Kim, Se Heon Cho, Young Seoub Hong; Korean J Pathol. 2006;40(3):185-192.

1,656 View
21 Download

Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
p27 is a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors that arrest the progression of the cell cycle; thus, it acts as a tumor suppressor gene. The loss or decrease of p27 protein is frequently seen and this has an independent prognostic potential for many human cancers. p27 is functionally inactivated through accelerated proteolysis and cytoplasmic sequestration. Cytoplasmic mislocalization of p27 by abnormal phosphorylation in the tumor cells doesn't allow it to bind and inhibit nuclear cyclin/CDK targets.
METHODS
We examined the p27 protein expression in 86 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast via immunohistochemical staining to evaluate the subcellular localization of p27 and its relationship with the clinicopathologic features and the prognostic factors.
RESULTS
The nuclear expression of p27 was noted in 48.9% of the tumors, a combined nuclear and cytoplasmic expression was noted in 20.9%, a cytoplasmic expression was noted in 12.8%, and a negative expression was noted in 17.4%. The decreased nuclear expression and/or cytoplasmic mislocalization of p27 were statistically correlated with the nuclear grade (p=0.001), histologic grade (p=0.036), tumor size (p=0.033), lymph node metastasis (p=0.043), ER (p=0.001), and PR (p=0.001) status, while they were not correlated with patient age, stage, HER2, p53, and Ki67.
CONCLUSIONS
The breast tumors showing both decreased nuclear expression and cytoplasmic mislocalization of p27 are associated with a deranged cell cycle via functional inactivation and also with poor prognostic factors. It is expected that p27 can be a promising anticancer target molecule for the treatment of breast cancer.

Expression of p34(cdc2), p27(Kip1), p21(WAF1/Cip1) and p53 in Human Breast Cancers.: Dong Hoon Kim, Chan Kum Park, Ho Jung Lee, Won Mi Lee, Eun Kyung Kim, Jong Eun Joo; Korean J Pathol. 2005;39(6):391-400.

1,713 View
15 Download

Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Cell cycle progression is governed by cell cycle regulators and inhibitors such as the cyclin dependent kinases (CDK), p27(Kip1), p21(WAF1/Cip1) and p53. The purpose of this study was to correlate expressions of p34(cdc2), p27(Kip1), p21(WAF1/Cip1) and p53 with the various clinicopathologic prognostic parameters of human breast cancers.
METHODS
The paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 102 patients with human breast carcinomas were examined by performing immunohistochemical staining. The primary antibodies used for immunohistochemical staining were mouse monoclonal antibody to human p34(cdc2), p27(Kip1), p21(WAF1/Cip1), p53, ER and PR.
RESULTS
The expression rates of p34(cdc2), p21(WAF1/Cip1) and p53 were 29.3%, 40.2% and 49.1% in breast carcinomas, respectively. In normal breast tissues, p34(cdc2), p21(WAF1/Cip1) and p53 were not expressed. The p34(cdc2) was expressed in the cytoplasm of cancer cells. The expression rate of p27(Kip1) was 29.3% in breast carcinomas and 100% in normal breast tissues, so the loss of p27(Kip1) expression in breast cancer was noted. The high expression of p21(WAF1/Cip1) in neoplastic cells was associated with the p53 expression (p=0.03). The expression of p27(Kip1) was correlated with that of the progesterone receptor (PR) (p=0.04) and the expression of p21(WAF1/Cip1) was correlated with that of positivity for estrogen receptor (ER) (p=0.04) and PR (p=0.04). No correlation was demonstrated between the mean patient survival and the expression rate of p34(cdc2), p27(Kip1), p21(WAF1/Cip1) and p53.
CONCLUSIONS
The loss of the normal cell growth cycle by the abnormal expression of cyclin dependent kinases and their inhibitors and the steroid hormones may play an important role in human breast carcinogenesis. The p53 dependent p21(WAF1/Cip1) pathway, the p27(Kip1) protein loss and the cdc2 overexpression were important in development and progression of human breast cancer.

Expressions of E2F4 and E2F2 Transcription Factors in Breast Carcinoma.: Eun Young Kim, Hyun Jin Jo, Mi Ja Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2005;39(5):301-306.

2,127 View
38 Download

Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The E2F family (E2F1 to E2F6) of transcription factors plays a key role in cell cycle progression. Some act as oncogenes and others act as tumor suppressor genes (TSG) in a tissue-specific manner. E2F4 may function as a TSG. However, the role of E2F4 in breast carcinogenesis remains controversial. Also the clinical impact of E2F2 expression on breast cancer remains unknown.
METHODS
Expressions of E2F4 and E2F2 were assessed immunohistochemically in 113 breast carcinomas and were compared with clinicopathological variables, expressions of G1/S checkpoint proteins (p16, cyclin D1 and Rb), and DNA ploidy to identify their possible role and to assess their prognostic value in breast cancer.
RESULTS
Expressions of E2F4 and E2F2 were detected in 48 cases (42.5%) and 66 cases (58.4%), respectively. Expressions of E2F4 and E2F2 were significantly correlated with large tumor size (p<0.001) and lymph node metastasis (p<0.001). There was no correlation between expressions of E2F4 or E2F2 and any other variables, including age, histologic grade, DNA ploidy and expressions of p16, cyclin D1 and Rb.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that expressions of E2F4 and E2F2 are associated with growth and spread of breast cancer and indicate poor prognosis.

First
Prev
Page of 2
Next
Last

Search