Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Case Study

Mediastinal Glomus Tumor: A Case Report and Literature Review: Si-Hyong Jang, Hyun Deuk Cho, Ji-Hye Lee, Hyun Ju Lee, Hae Yoen Jung, Kyung-Ju Kim, Sung Sik Cho, Mee-Hye Oh; J Pathol Transl Med. 2015;49(6):520-524. Published online August 4, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2015.07.02

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A glomus tumor in the mediastinum is very uncommon, and only five cases have been reported in the English literature. We recently encountered a 21-year-old woman with an asymptomatic mediastinal mass that measured 5.3 × 4.0 cm. Surgical excision was performed, and the tumor was finally diagnosed as mediastinal glomus tumor with an uncertain malignant potential. After reviewing this case and previous reports, we analyzed the clinicopathologic features associated with progression of such a tumor.

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Yibing Zang, Ruixing Zhao, Chengquan Ma, Dejun Gao
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A case of mediastinal mesenchymal tumor with pericytic neoplasm feature that responded to radiation therapy
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Total-Body Irradiation Is Associated With Increased Incidence of Mesenchymal Neoplasia in a Radiation Late Effects Cohort of Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)
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International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics.2022; 113(3): 661. CrossRef
Mesenchymal Tumors of the Mediastinum: An Update on Diagnostic Approach
Joon Hyuk Choi, Jae Y. Ro
Advances in Anatomic Pathology.2021; 28(5): 351. CrossRef
La glomangiomatose médiastinale postérieure : localisation exceptionnelle d’une tumeur rare. À propos d’un cas
A. Machboua, S. Hamraoui, S. Zarouki, I. Kamaoui, I. Alloubi
Revue des Maladies Respiratoires.2021; 38(8): 848. CrossRef
An unusual case of chest wall glomus tumor presenting with axillary pain: a case report and literature review
Leila Oryadi Zanjani, Bahman Shafiee Nia, Farzad Vosoughi, Elham Mirzaian, Leila Aghaghazvini, Aidin Arabzadeh
European Journal of Medical Research.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical Implications of 18F-FDG PET/CT in Malignant Glomus Tumors of the Esophagus
Romain-David Seban, Laurence Bozec, Laurence Champion
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Symplastic glomus tumor of the urinary bladder treated by robot-assisted partial cystectomy: a case report and literature review
Franco Palmisano, Franco Gadda, Matteo G. Spinelli, Marco Maggioni, Bernardo Rocco, Emanuele Montanari
Urologia Journal.2018; 85(3): 130. CrossRef
Thoracoscopic Surgery for Glomus Tumor: An Uncommon Mediastinal Neoplasm and Iatrogenic Tracheal Rupture
Zhongjie Fang, Dehua Ma, Baofu Chen, Huarong Luo
Case Reports in Surgery.2017; 2017: 1. CrossRef
Asymptomatic Glomus Tumor of the Mediastinum
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Case Reports

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Gastric Glomus Tumor: A Case Report.: Dong Geun Lee, Kyu Yun Jang, Myoung Ja Chung, Woo Sung Moon, Myoung Jae Kang, Ho Sung Park; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(4):448-452.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.4.448

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Abstract PDF

Glomus tumors of the stomach are rare and are usually found as a solitary, intramural lesion. Here, we report a case of a gastric glomus tumor in a 60-year-old woman diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology. Endoscopic ultrasound revealed a 4 x 3 cm-sized, round, isoechoic mass at the fourth layer of the gastric wall. Smears revealed cohesive clusters of small, uniform, round to polygonal cells with scant cytoplasm and round, hyperchromatic nuclei with homogeneous chromatin. Immunocytochemistry by liquid-based cytology was positive for smooth muscle actin. The cytologic diagnosis of a glomus tumor was confirmed by a specimen from the laparoscopic resection. Although the cytologic features of glomus tumors are quite distinctive, an immunocytochemical stain from a liquid-based cytology preparation can further help to ascertain the diagnosis.

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Glomus Tumor of the Stomach: A Systematic Review and Illustrative Case Report
Andrea Pansa, Laura Samà, Laura Ruspi, Federico Sicoli, Ferdinando Carlo Maria Cananzi, Vittorio Quagliuolo
Digestive Diseases.2023; 41(1): 17. CrossRef
Cytologic analysis of a glomus tumor in the left second toe: Case report
Jay Hwang, Susan McDowell, Bradley Cole, Aaron Huber, Maria Cecilia D. Reyes
Diagnostic Cytopathology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Glomus Tumor of the Sinonasal Tract: Two Case Reports and a Review of Literature.: Young Wha Koh, Bong Jae Lee, Kyung Ja Cho; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(3):326-329.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.3.326

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Abstract PDF

Herein we describe two cases of nasal glomus tumor. Histological findings were typical, save for one which was quite large (3.1 cm in its greatest dimension) with an invasive growth pattern and increased ki-67 labeling index (up to 10%). These features raised a red flag of similarity to a recently described "invasive glomus tumor of nasal cavity", suggesting a more aggressive form of glomus tumor. However, objective criteria for this possibility is lacking at present and more similar case studies are needed to establish a truly aggressive form of glomus tumor.

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Adamantios Kilmpasanis, Zoi Apazidi-Kesoglou, Alexandros Poutoglidis, Sotiria Sotiroudi, Konstantinos Vlachtsis, Nikolaos Tsetsos
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An Atypical Lesion in the Nasal Cavity: Glomus Tumor
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Ear, Nose & Throat Journal.2023; : 014556132311588. CrossRef
A case of malignant glomus tumor (glomangiosarcoma) of the nasal cavity
Omar A Alhroub, Shimaa A Mahameed, Mohammad O Abdelhafez, Asil Alhroub, Hani Hour, Nabil Hasasna, Nazmi Kamal
Journal of Surgical Case Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Ethmoid glomangioma and oncogenic osteomalacia: a case report
Camila R. Muniz, Gabriela A. M. Bezerra, Viviane C. da Silva, Priscilla M. F. Aguiar, Gunter Gerson, Catarina B. D’Alva, André A. A. Nunes
Journal of Medical Case Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Large Glomus Tumor of The Lateral Nasal Wall : A Case Report
Bon Min Koo, Jong In Jeong, Dong Eun Kim
Journal of Clinical Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.2019; 30(2): 243. CrossRef
Characteristics and prognosis of glomangiopericytomas: A systematic review
Eun Su Park, Jiyoung Kim, Sun-Young Jun
Head & Neck.2017; 39(9): 1897. CrossRef
Malignant Glomus Tumour (Glomangiosarcoma) with Additional Neuroendocrine Differentiation in a Horse
M. Peters, J. Grafen, C. Kuhnen, P. Wohlsein
Journal of Comparative Pathology.2016; 154(4): 309. CrossRef
A Case of Glomangioma of the Nasal Septum
Do Hun Kim
Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.2013; 56(9): 603. CrossRef

Malignant Glomus Tumors of the Stomach: A Report of 2 Cases with Multiple Metastases.: Hyunjoo Lee, Yoon Seok Choi, Sang Cheul Oh, Jong Jae Park, Chul Whan Kim, Han Kyeom Kim, Insun Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2009;43(4):358-363.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2009.43.4.358

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Abstract PDF

Glomus tumors are mesenchymal neoplasms usually developing in the dermis or subcutis of the extremities. The majority of glomus tumors are entirely benign, and malignant glomus tumors are very rare, especially those arising in the visceral organs. Here, we are presenting two cases of malignant glomus tumor, initially diagnosed in the stomach by endoscopic biopsy. Case 1 was found in the stomach, right kidney, brain and humerus of a 65-year-old woman, and Case 2 in the stomach and liver of a 63-year-old man. Histologically, the tumor was composed of solid sheets and nests of round and short-spindle shaped tumor cells with vesicular nucleus and prominent nucleolus. The tumor cells were closely admixed with blood vessels of varying size. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells showed diffuse and strong positive staining for smooth muscle actin and paranuclear, dot-like staining for synaptophysin, but negative for desmin, c-kit, CD34 and S-100 protein. These two are rare cases of a malignant glomus tumor with widespread metastases.

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Clinicopathologic features of gastric glomus tumor: A report of 15 cases and literature review
Minying Deng, Rongkui Luo, Jie Huang, Yuanlong Luo, Qi Song, Huaiyu Liang, Chen Xu, Wei Yuan, Yingyong Hou
Pathology and Oncology Research.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Glomus Tumor of the Stomach: A Systematic Review and Illustrative Case Report
Andrea Pansa, Laura Samà, Laura Ruspi, Federico Sicoli, Ferdinando Carlo Maria Cananzi, Vittorio Quagliuolo
Digestive Diseases.2023; 41(1): 17. CrossRef
Locally Advanced Glomus Tumor of the Stomach With Synchronous Liver Metastases: Case Report and Literature Review
Fabio Frosio, Carmine Petruzziello, Elia Poiasina, Michele Pisano, Alessandro Lucianetti
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Gastric Glomus Tumor: A Clinicopathologic and Immunohistochemical Study of 21 Cases
Jun Lin, Juan Shen, Hao Yue, Qiongqiong Li, Yuqing Cheng, Mengyun Zhou
BioMed Research International.2020; 2020: 1. CrossRef
Malignant glomus tumor of the gastric antrum with hepatic metastases: a case report and literature review
Adina A. Bodolan, Rebecca Wilcox, Michelle X. Yang
Human Pathology: Case Reports.2018; 14: 81. CrossRef

Malignant Glomus Tumor Arising in Benign Glomus Tumor.: Seung Sam Paik, Eun Sun Kim, Young Chun Moon, Chan Kum Park, Moon Hyang Park, Jung Dal Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(3):280-283.

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Abstract PDF: The glomus tumor is a distinct neoplasm composed of modified perivascular smooth-muscle cells identical to those described in the glomus body. Malignant glomus tumor, also referred to as glomangiosarcoma, is exceedingly rare. It has been subdivided into locally infiltrative glomus tumor, glomangiosarcoma arising in a benign glomus tumor, and glomangiosarcoma arising in de novo. A few cases of malignant glomus tumor arising in a benign glomus tumor have been reported. A 55-year-old man underwent resection of a solitary nodule in the right shoulder area. The tumor was biphasic with a typical benign glomus tumor at the periphery and the central sarcomatous area composed of oval to elongated pleomorphic cells with a single prominent nucleolus and occasional mitotic figures. Both tumor components showed intense staining for vimentin, smooth muscle actin, and muscle specific actin. Herein, we report a case of a malignant glomus tumor arising in a benign glomus tumor with an immunohistochemical study and a review of literatures.

Juxtacortical Glomus Tumor of the Tibia with an Uncertain Malignant Potential.: Dae Woon Eom, Gil Hyun Kang, Hee Jin Lee, Soo Jung Choi, Jae kwang Hwang; Korean J Pathol. 2008;42(3):181-184.

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Abstract PDF: Glomus tumors are mesenchymal neoplasms that are composed of modified smooth muscle cells of the normal glomus body. Most glomus tumors are benign and they occur in the distal extremities, and particularly the subungual lesions that occur in the hand, the wrist and the foot. We report here on a case of a solid type glomus tumor that had an uncertain malignant potential with a juxtacortical location at the distal tibia, and there were no neoplastic erosion of the cortical surface and no periosteal reaction. The tumor cells showed mild nuclear atypia and moderate mitotic activity (3-5/10HPF). Prominent intranuclear cytoplasmic pseudoinclusions were also observed. This case is interesting due to the very unusual tumor location of the juxtacortical area of the long bone, the atypical histologic features and the unique cytological finding of cytoplasmic intranuclear inclusions throughout the tumor cells.

Primary Pulmonary Glomus Tumor, Diagnosed by Preoperative Needle Biopsy: Report of One Case and Literature Review.: Mi Jin Kim, Woo Jung Sung; Korean J Pathol. 2008;42(1):37-40.

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Abstract PDF: Glomus tumors commonly occur in dermal and subcutaneous tissue in the subungal region of a finger. Some glomus tumors occur extracutaneously, including lung. Only 15 cases of primary pulmonary glomus tumor have been described in literature. In this report, we describe a case of primary pulmonary glomus tumor, which is the first case diagnosed before surgical resection. A 51-year-old man underwent a needle biopsy of a well defined coin-like mass in left lower lobe of the lung on chest radiography. Microscopic examination revealed a tumor composed of perivascularly arranged round to ovoid epithelioid cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Tumor cells are immunoreactive for smooth muscle actin and vimentin, but negative for desmin, cytokeratin (AE1/AE3), chromogranin, or synaptophysin. A diagnosis of glomus tumor was then made. The lung mass was resected by wedge resection after being diagnosed by preoperative lung needle biopsy. Although primary pulmonary glomus tumor is rare, most cases follows a benign course. For proper treatment of the patient, glomus tumor should be considered as a differential diagnosis of solitary lung mass.

Multiple Glomus Tumors of the Ankle with Prominent Intranuclear Pseudoinclusions.: Jae Yeon Seok, Se Hoon Kim, Tae jung Kwon, Jieun Kwon, Yoon Hee Lee, Kyoo Ho Shin, Woo Ick Yang; Korean J Pathol. 2007;41(5):337-342.

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Abstract PDF: Glomus tumors are neoplasms that are composed of modified smooth muscle cells of the glomus body. Here, we report a case of multiple glomus tumors of the ankle that showed various histologic types, including the solid type (glomus tumor proper) and angiomatous type (glomangioma). The tumor cells observed in this case also showed prominent intranuclear inclusions, which has not yet been reported in glomus tumors. Ultrastructural examination demonstrated that the nuclear inclusions were not true inclusion bodies but were intranuclear cytoplasmic pseudoinclusions formed by cytoplasmic invaginations that formed as a result of the deep and complex nuclear contours.

Oncocytic Glomus Tumor: A Case Report.: Na Rae Kim, Jae Y Ro, Dong Hae Chung; Korean J Pathol. 2004;38(4):268-269.

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Abstract PDF: Oncocytic glomus tumor is a newly recognized, rare variant of glomus tumor. In this study, we describe a case of oncocytic glomus tumor occurring in the nail bed of the finger. A 25-year-old woman presented with a tiny and painful mass on her hand, and she had had this lesion for six years. Upon microscopic examination, there were oval to polygonal tumor cells characterized by plump eosinophilic granular cytoplasm, which were arranged in sheets around the thin vessels. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were strongly reactive for smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and negative for S-100 protein, alpha-fetoprotein, HMB-45, desmin, CD34, and pancytokeratin. The diagnosis was a glomus tumor of the oncocytic variant.

Glomus Tumor of the Stomach.: Anhi Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1995;29(1):110-112.

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Abstract PDF: The glomus tumor or glomangioma is an uncommon benign tumor that arises from the modified smooth muscle cells of the glomus body, a neuromyoarterial receptor sensitive to temperature, that regulates arterial flow. It is most commonly found in the skin particularly in the nailbeds or fingertips, but approximately 70 cases described in the stomach. The author experienced a glomus tumor of the stomach was found in a 43 year old female patient who had discomfort in upper abdomen for 40 days. Clinically, this uncommon gastric tumor mimics most of the benign and malignant lesions of the stomach and the most important aspect of this tumor is its histologic identification and differentiation from the more common gastric lesion. Microscopically the tumor was composed of cellular lobules of various sizes separately by irregular fibrous and muscular trabeculae. Ultrastructural study showed basal lamina, pinocytotic vesicles and numerous subplaomalemmal plaque.

Glomus Tumor of Stomach: A case report.: Young Ha Oh, Chan Pil Park, Chan Kum Park, Sung Jun Kwon, Jung Dal Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1994;28(6):669-672.

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Abstract PDF: Gastric glomus tumor is an uncommon benign, submucosal neoplasm and does not require radical surgical procedure. Because there are no specific clinical or radiologic features associated with the glomus tumor, it can be recognized only by its histologic characteristics. We report a 30-year-old woman who had 10 years history of epigastric hunger pain. Radiologically, a gastric submucosal tumor was discovered, which was suggestive of leiomyoma. Gastric antrectomy was performed. The tumor cells showed immunohistochemical and ultrastructural evidence of smooth muscle differentiation.

Locally Infiltrative Glomus Tumor: A case report.: Jung Youn Kim, Kyung Ja Cho, Soo Yong Lee, Ja June Jang; Korean J Pathol. 1994;28(3):325-327.

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Abstract: Malignant glomus tumor is a rare neoplasm arising from the glomus body, comprising categories of locally infiltrative glomus tumor, sarcoma arising in benign glomus tumor and de novo glomangiosarcoma. We report one case of locally infiltrative glomus tumor arising in nail bed of the right thumb of a 50 year-old woman. The tumor showed the architectural features of glomus tumor but cytologically bizarre, pleomorphic features without mitosis and infiltrative growth pattern to adjacent connective tissue and nerve. Immunohistochemical results were consistent with glomus tumor. This category of malignant glomus tumor must be distinguished from other round cell tumors because of its good prognosis.

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