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Case Study
- Amoebic Encephalitis Caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris
- Su Jung Kum, Hye Won Lee, Hye Ra Jung, Misun Choe, Sang Pyo Kim
- J Pathol Transl Med. 2019;53(5):327-331. Published online May 24, 2019
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2019.05.14
- 17,746 View
- 175 Download
- 12 Web of Science
- 12 Crossref
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Abstract
PDF - We present the case of a 71-year-old man who was diagnosed with amoebic encephalitis caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris. He had rheumatic arthritis for 30 years and had undergone continuous treatment with immunosuppressants. First, he complained of partial spasm from the left thigh to the left upper limb. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed multifocal enhancing nodules in the cortical and subcortical area of both cerebral hemispheres, which were suggestive of brain metastases. However, the patient developed fever with stuporous mentality and an open biopsy was performed immediately. Microscopically, numerous amoebic trophozoites, measuring 20 to 25 µm in size, with nuclei containing one to four nucleoli and some scattered cysts having a double-layered wall were noted in the background of hemorrhagic necrosis. Based on the microscopic findings, amoebic encephalitis caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris was diagnosed. The patient died on the 10th day after being admitted at the hospital. The diagnosis of amoebic encephalitis in the early stage is difficult for clinicians. Moreover, most cases undergo rapid deterioration, resulting in fatal consequences. In this report, we present the first case of B. mandrillaris amoebic encephalitis with fatal progression in a Korean patient.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Molecular identification, phylogenetic analysis and histopathological study of pathogenic free-living amoebae isolated from discus fish (Symphysodon aequifasciatus) in Iran: 2020–2022
Hooman Rahmati-Holasoo, Maryam Niyyati, Marziye Fatemi, Fatemeh Mahdavi Abhari, Sara Shokrpoor, Alireza Nassiri, Amin Marandi
BMC Veterinary Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Encephalomyelomeningitis Caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris: A Case Report and Literature Review
XueMei Fan, TianWen Chen, Hui Yang, Yue Gao, Yan Chen
Infection and Drug Resistance.2023; Volume 16: 727. CrossRef - Diagnosing Balamuthia mandrillaris amebic meningoencephalitis in a 64-year-old woman from the Southwest of China
Suhua Yao, Xiaoting Chen, Lian Qian, Shizheng Sun, Chunjing Zhao, Zongkai Bai, Zhaofang Chen, Youcong Wu
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(2): 183. CrossRef - Diagnosis of Balamuthia mandrillaris Encephalitis by Thymine–Adenine Cloning Using Universal Eukaryotic Primers
Ju Yeong Kim, Myung-Hee Yi, Myungjun Kim, Joon-Sup Yeom, Hyun Dong Yoo, Seong Min Kim, Tai-Soon Yong
Annals of Laboratory Medicine.2022; 42(2): 196. CrossRef - Facial Balamuthia mandrillaris infection with neurological involvement in an immunocompetent child
Zhen Zhang, Jianying Liang, Ruoqu Wei, Xiaobo Feng, Lei Wang, Liuhui Wang, Piaoping Zhao, Hong Yu, Yan Gu, Zhirong Yao
The Lancet Infectious Diseases.2022; 22(3): e93. CrossRef - Subacute Balamuthia mandrillaris encephalitis in an immunocompetent patient diagnosed by next-generation sequencing
Changbo Xu, Xiaoyan Wu, Miaoqin Tan, Dongmei Wang, Shengnan Wang, Yongming Wu
Journal of International Medical Research.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Distribution and Current State of Molecular Genetic Characterization in Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae
Alejandro Otero-Ruiz, Leobardo Daniel Gonzalez-Zuñiga, Libia Zulema Rodriguez-Anaya, Luis Fernando Lares-Jiménez, Jose Reyes Gonzalez-Galaviz, Fernando Lares-Villa
Pathogens.2022; 11(10): 1199. CrossRef - Fulminant Disseminating Fatal Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis: The First Case Report in an Immunocompetent Patient in South Korea
Ju Yeon Lee, In Kyu Yu, Seong Min Kim, Joo Heon Kim, Ha Youn Kim
Yonsei Medical Journal.2021; 62(6): 563. CrossRef - A Japanese case of amoebic meningoencephalitis initially diagnosed by cerebrospinal fluid cytology
Ryogo Aoki, Toshimasa Sakakima, Asuka Ohashi, Riyoko Niwa, Masashi Matsuyama, Fumimasa Etori, Naoki Watanabe, Kenji Yagita, Takuji Tanaka
Clinical Case Reports.2020; 8(9): 1728. CrossRef -
Balamuthia mandrillaris
infection in China: a retrospective report of 28 cases
Lei Wang, Wenjing Cheng, Bing Li, Zhe Jian, Xianlong Qi, Dongjie Sun, Jian Gao, Xuetao Lu, Yi Yang, Kun Lin, Chuanlong Lu, Jiaxi Chen, Chunying Li, Gang Wang, Tianwen Gao
Emerging Microbes & Infections.2020; 9(1): 2348. CrossRef - Methotrexate/nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs/steroids
Reactions Weekly.2019; 1775(1): 307. CrossRef - Identification of plicamycin, TG02, panobinostat, lestaurtinib, and GDC-0084 as promising compounds for the treatment of central nervous system infections caused by the free-living amebae Naegleria, Acanthamoeba and Balamuthia
Monica M. Kangussu-Marcolino, Gretchen M. Ehrenkaufer, Emily Chen, Anjan Debnath, Upinder Singh
International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance.2019; 11: 80. CrossRef
- Molecular identification, phylogenetic analysis and histopathological study of pathogenic free-living amoebae isolated from discus fish (Symphysodon aequifasciatus) in Iran: 2020–2022
Original Article
- An Analysis of Histopathologic Evaluation of Lung Carcinomas in Last Ten Years.
- Ji Min Jeon, Sun Young Kwon, Eun Sook Chang, Young Jun Jeon, Kun Young Kwon
- Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(7):483-489.
- 1,764 View
- 23 Download
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Abstract
PDF
- Lung cancer is one of the most common types of malignancy in western nations with serious health problem, and it has become the leading cause of cancer death of males, second only to stomach cancer, in Korea. A review of the histopathology of 1363 cases (1231 patients) of lung carcinoma, diagnosed at the Keimyung University Medical center from 1987 to 1996, was performed to reclassify the type of carcinomas and to investigate the change in the distribution of histologic types of lung carcinoma according to age, sex and year. Among the 1363 cases, 132 patients underwent a surgical operation after biopsy. The diagnosis of each case was proven by histopathologic analysis of surgical specimens (13.2%) and biopsy materials (86.8%). The histologic types in our study were basically based on modified WHO classification (1982) and on new WHO classification (1999). The classification of small cell carcinoma was based on International Association for the Small Cell Lung Cancer (IASLC, 1988). Of the 1231 patients with lung carcinoma, 1012 were male and 219 were female (male to female ratio was 3.6:1). According to the analysis of age distribution, the most prevalent age group was 60~69 years in both sex as (n=516, 42.0%). Changing trends in sex distribution of lung carcinoma patients showed that the proportion of men had decreased throughout the years, whereas the proportion of women had significantly increased. Histologically, squamous cell carcinoma was the most common (n=624, 50.7%), followed by small cell carcinoma (21.1%), adenocarcinoma (18.1%), large cell undifferentiated carcinoma (2.1%), adenosquamous carcinoma (0.4%), and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (0.4%), in order of frequency. In men, squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequent type (55.1%). In women, adenocarcinoma was the most frequent type (39.7%). In both sexes, adenocarcinoma was the most common type in patients under the age of 40 (n=12, 41.4%), while squamous cell carcinoma proved the most frequent type in patients over the age of 40 (n=617, 51.3%). Changing trends of histologic types of lung cancer showed that the incidences of squamous cell carcinoma had significantly decreased throughout the years, whereas those of adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma had increased. In conclusion, the results showing increases in the percentage of female patients and in the number of cases of adenocarcinoma were noteworthy, and well correlated with other related reports.
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