Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Original Articles

Diagnostic proficiency test using digital cytopathology and comparative assessment of whole slide images of cytologic samples for quality assurance program in Korea: Yosep Chong, Soon Auck Hong, Hoon Kyu Oh, Soo Jin Jung, Bo-Sung Kim, Ji Yun Jeong, Ho-Chang Lee, Gyungyub Gong; J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(5):251-264. Published online August 24, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.07.17

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Background
The Korean Society for Cytopathology introduced a digital proficiency test (PT) in 2021. However, many doubtful opinions remain on whether digitally scanned images can satisfactorily present subtle differences in the nuclear features and chromatin patterns of cytological samples.
Methods
We prepared 30 whole-slide images (WSIs) from the conventional PT archive by a selection process for digital PT. Digital and conventional PT were performed in parallel for volunteer institutes, and the results were compared using feedback. To assess the quality of cytological assessment WSIs, 12 slides were collected and scanned using five different scanners, with four cytopathologists evaluating image quality through a questionnaire.
Results
Among the 215 institutes, 108 and 107 participated in glass and digital PT, respectively. No significant difference was noted in category C (major discordance), although the number of discordant cases was slightly higher in the digital PT group. Leica, 3DHistech Pannoramic 250 Flash, and Hamamatsu NanoZoomer 360 systems showed comparable results in terms of image quality, feature presentation, and error rates for most cytological samples. Overall satisfaction was observed with the general convenience and image quality of digital PT.
Conclusions
As three-dimensional clusters are common and nuclear/chromatin features are critical for cytological interpretation, careful selection of scanners and optimal conditions are mandatory for the successful establishment of digital quality assurance programs in cytology.

Citations

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Validation of digital image slides for diagnosis in cervico-vaginal cytology
Francisco Tresserra, Gemma Fabra, Olga Luque, Miriam Castélla, Carla Gómez, Carmen Fernández-Cid, Ignacio Rodríguez
Revista Española de Patología.2024; 57(3): 182. CrossRef
Improved Diagnostic Accuracy of Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology with Artificial Intelligence Technology
Yujin Lee, Mohammad Rizwan Alam, Hongsik Park, Kwangil Yim, Kyung Jin Seo, Gisu Hwang, Dahyeon Kim, Yeonsoo Chung, Gyungyub Gong, Nam Hoon Cho, Chong Woo Yoo, Yosep Chong, Hyun Joo Choi
Thyroid®.2024; 34(6): 723. CrossRef
Sensitivity, Specificity, and Cost–Benefit Effect Between Primary Human Papillomavirus Testing, Primary Liquid‐Based Cytology, and Co‐Testing Algorithms for Cervical Lesions
Chang Gok Woo, Seung‐Myoung Son, Hye‐Kyung Hwang, Jung‐Sil Bae, Ok‐Jun Lee, Ho‐Chang Lee
Diagnostic Cytopathology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Current status of cytopathology practices in Korea: annual report on the Continuous Quality Improvement program of the Korean Society for Cytopathology for 2018: Yosep Chong, Haeyoen Jung, Jung-Soo Pyo, Soon Won Hong, Hoon Kyu Oh; J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(4):318-331. Published online April 15, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2020.02.26

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Background
The Korean Society for Cytopathology has conducted the Continuous Quality Improvement program for cytopathology laboratories in Korea since 1995. In 2018 as part of the program, an annual survey of cytologic data was administered to determine the current status of cytopathology practices in Korea. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to 211 cytopathology laboratories. Individual laboratories submitted their annual statistics regarding cytopathology practices, diagnoses of gynecologic samples, inadequacy rates, and gynecologic cytology-histology correlation review (CHCR) data for 2018. In addition, proficiency tests and sample adequacy assessments were conducted using five consequent gynecologic slides. Results: Over 10 million cytologic exams were performed in 2018, and this number has almost tripled since this survey was first conducted in 2004 (compounded annual growth rate of 7.2%). The number of non-gynecologic samples has increased gradually over time and comprised 24% of all exams. The overall unsatisfactory rate was 0.14%. The ratio of the cases with atypical squamous cells to squamous intraepithelial lesions accounted for up to 4.24. The major discrepancy rate of the CHCR in gynecologic samples was 0.52%. In the proficiency test, the major discrepancy rate was approximately 1%. In the sample adequacy assessment, a discrepancy was observed in 0.1% of cases. Conclusions: This study represents the current status of cytopathology practices in Korea, illustrating the importance of the Continuous Quality Improvement program for increasing the accuracy and credibility of cytopathologic exams as well as developing national cancer exam guidelines and government projects on the prevention and treatment of cancer.

Citations

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Sensitivity, Specificity, and Cost–Benefit Effect Between Primary Human Papillomavirus Testing, Primary Liquid‐Based Cytology, and Co‐Testing Algorithms for Cervical Lesions
Chang Gok Woo, Seung‐Myoung Son, Hye‐Kyung Hwang, Jung‐Sil Bae, Ok‐Jun Lee, Ho‐Chang Lee
Diagnostic Cytopathology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Diagnostic proficiency test using digital cytopathology and comparative assessment of whole slide images of cytologic samples for quality assurance program in Korea
Yosep Chong, Soon Auck Hong, Hoon Kyu Oh, Soo Jin Jung, Bo-Sung Kim, Ji Yun Jeong, Ho-Chang Lee, Gyungyub Gong
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2023; 57(5): 251. CrossRef
Recent Application of Artificial Intelligence in Non-Gynecological Cancer Cytopathology: A Systematic Review
Nishant Thakur, Mohammad Rizwan Alam, Jamshid Abdul-Ghafar, Yosep Chong
Cancers.2022; 14(14): 3529. CrossRef
Re-Increasing Trends in Thyroid Cancer Incidence after a Short Period of Decrease in Korea: Reigniting the Debate on Ultrasound Screening
Chan Kwon Jung, Ja Seong Bae, Young Joo Park
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(5): 816. CrossRef
Current status of cytopathology practice in Korea: impact of the coronavirus pandemic on cytopathology practice
Soon Auck Hong, Haeyoen Jung, Sung Sun Kim, Min-Sun Jin, Jung-Soo Pyo, Ji Yun Jeong, Younghee Choi, Gyungyub Gong, Yosep Chong
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2022; 56(6): 361. CrossRef

Significance of Intratumoral Fibrosis in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Jae Won Joung, Hoon Kyu Oh, Sun Jae Lee, Young Ah Kim, Hyun Jin Jung; J Pathol Transl Med. 2018;52(5):323-330. Published online August 19, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.07.21

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Abstract PDF

Background
Intratumoral fibrosis (ITF) is a frequent histologic finding in solid organ tumors. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a highly vascularized tumor with different shapes and degrees of ITF and inflammation. ITF is a poor prognostic factor, especially in breast cancer, and is related to intratumoral necrosis (ITN) and intratumoral inflammation (ITI). However, the significance of ITF in RCC has not been fully studied. In this study, we evaluate the relationships between ITF and other clinicopathologic parameters associated with RCC prognosis.
Methods
ITF was evaluated in 204 clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) specimens according to presence and grade of fibrosis, degree of ITI, and presence of ITN. Lysyl oxidase (LOX) expression in tumor cells was also evaluated with clinicopathologic parameters.
Results
Among 204 CCRCC cases, 167 (81.7%) showed ITF, 71 (34.8%) showed ITI, 35 (17.2%) showed ITN, and 111 (54.4%) showed LOX expression. ITF correlated with Fuhrman nuclear grade (p = .046), lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (p = .027), and ITN (p = .036). Patients with ITF had a poor five-year overall survival rate (p = .104).
Conclusions
ITF is related to other poor prognostic factors in CCRCC, such as Fuhrman nuclear grade, ITN, and LVI, but ITF itself had no significant correlation with prognosis of CCRCC.

Citations

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Jiao-Yi Chen, Wai-Han Yiu, Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang, Sydney Chi-Wai Tang
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Tumor-associated fibrosis impairs the response to immunotherapy
Angha Naik, Andrew Leask
Matrix Biology.2023; 119: 125. CrossRef
Decreased renal expression of PAQR5 is associated with the absence of a nephroprotective effect of progesterone in a rat UUO model
P. A. Abramicheva, D. S. Semenovich, L. D. Zorova, I. B. Pevzner, I. A. Sokolov, V. A. Popkov, E. P. Kazakov, D. B. Zorov, E. Y. Plotnikov
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Intratumoral fibrosis and patterns of immune infiltration in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Songchen Han, Wenbo Yang, Caipeng Qin, Yiqing Du, Mengting Ding, Huaqi Yin, Tao Xu
BMC Cancer.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Siglec-F–expressing neutrophils are essential for creating a profibrotic microenvironment in renal fibrosis
Seungwon Ryu, Jae Woo Shin, Soie Kwon, Jiwon Lee, Yong Chul Kim, Yoe-Sik Bae, Yong-Soo Bae, Dong Ki Kim, Yon Su Kim, Seung Hee Yang, Hye Young Kim
Journal of Clinical Investigation.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The atypical sphingosine 1‐phosphate variant, d16:1 S1P, mediates CTGF induction via S1P2 activation in renal cell carcinoma
Melanie Glueck, Alexander Koch, Robert Brunkhorst, Nerea Ferreiros Bouzas, Sandra Trautmann, Liliana Schaefer, Waltraud Pfeilschifter, Josef Pfeilschifter, Rajkumar Vutukuri
The FEBS Journal.2022; 289(18): 5670. CrossRef
The Synergistic Cooperation between TGF-β and Hypoxia in Cancer and Fibrosis
Pramod Mallikarjuna, Yang Zhou, Maréne Landström
Biomolecules.2022; 12(5): 635. CrossRef
In Vitro Characterization of Renal Drug Transporter Activity in Kidney Cancer
Pedro Caetano-Pinto, Nathanil Justian, Maria Dib, Jana Fischer, Maryna Somova, Martin Burchardt, Ingmar Wolff
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(17): 10177. CrossRef
PD-1 immunobiology in glomerulonephritis and renal cell carcinoma
Colleen S. Curran, Jeffrey B. Kopp
BMC Nephrology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Intratumoral Fibrosis in Facilitating Renal Cancer Aggressiveness: Underlying Mechanisms and Promising Targets
Chao Hu, Yufeng Zhao, Xuanchuan Wang, Tongyu Zhu
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
What Mediates Fibrosis in the Tumor Microenvironment of Clear Renal Cell Carcinoma
Wenbo Yang, Caipeng Qin, Jingli Han, Songchen Han, Wenjun Bai, Yiqing Du, Tao Xu
Frontiers in Genetics.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Kidney Cancer and Chronic Kidney Disease: Too Close for Comfort
Pedro Caetano Pinto, Cindy Rönnau, Martin Burchardt, Ingmar Wolff
Biomedicines.2021; 9(12): 1761. CrossRef
The Significance of Fibrosis Quantification as a Marker in Assessing Pseudo-Capsule Status and Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Prognosis
Caipeng Qin, Huaqi Yin, Huixin Liu, Feng Liu, Yiqing Du, Tao Xu
Diagnostics.2020; 10(11): 895. CrossRef
The challenges of adoptive cell transfer in the treatment of human renal cell carcinoma
Zuzana Strizova, Jirina Bartunkova, Daniel Smrz
Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy.2019; 68(11): 1831. CrossRef
Procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenases 1, 2, and 3 are potential prognostic indicators in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Wen-Hao Xu, Yue Xu, Jun Wang, Xi Tian, Junlong Wu, Fang-Ning Wan, Hong-Kai Wang, Yuan-Yuan Qu, Hai-Liang Zhang, Ding-Wei Ye
Aging.2019; 11(16): 6503. CrossRef

Transcriptional Regulation of Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation by siRNA for TGF-beta1.: Hoon Kyu Oh, Kyung Hyun Kim, Yoon Sup Keum, Chang Ho Cho, Jae Bok Park, Kwan Kyu Park; Korean J Pathol. 2009;43(6):503-508.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2009.43.6.503

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
The cytokine-induced activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) plays a major role in liver fibrosis. Quiescent HSCs undergo phenotypic transformation called "transdifferentiation" in response to viral, chemical or immune insults to the liver. The cytokine TGF-beta1 plays a key role in progressive liver fibrosis. Since small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a powerful tool for silencing gene expression post-transcriptionally, the present study aimed to determine whether synthetic TGF-beta1 siRNA down-regulates the expression of the TGF-beta1 gene in immortalized and activated rat HSCs (HSC-T6s). The study examined whether synthetic TGF-beta1 siRNA prevents rat HSCs activation and extracellular matrix (ECM) production.
METHODS
TGF-beta1 siRNA or a control (pU6) siRNA was added to HSC-T6 culture media. We then performed RT-PCR and western blot analyses for TGF-beta1 and ECM components (fibronectin, type-I collagen, and TIMP-1). RESULTS: TGF-beta1 siRNA significantly down-regulated expression of TGF-beta1 mRNA and protein and attenuated mRNA and protein expressions of type-I collagen, fibronectin, and TIMP-1, as compared to the control. CONCLUSIONS: TGF-beta1 siRNA can effectively down-regulate the expression of TGF-beta1 in rat HSC, resulting in significant inhibition of HSC activation and of ECM production. These data indicate that synthetic TGF-beta1 siRNA can be a useful treatment modality to prevent liver fibrosis.

Citations

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Glaucocalyxin A Attenuates the Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells Through the TGF-β1/Smad Signaling Pathway
Zhichao Dong, Qi Gao, Hao Guo
DNA and Cell Biology.2018; 37(3): 227. CrossRef

Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Cervical Human Papillomavirus DNA in Korean Women: A Multicenter Study.: Sung Ran Hong, In Sun Kim, Dong Won Kim, Mi Jin Kim, Ae Ree Kim, Young Ok Kim, Hye Sun Kim, Seo Hee Rha, Gyeong Sin Park, Yong Koo Park, Yong Wook Park, Ho Sung Park, Kwang Sun Suh, Jin Hee Sohn, Mi Kyung Shin, Hoon Kyu Oh, Ki Jung Yun, Hye Kyoung Yoon, Shi Nae Lee, Ah Won Lee, Hyo Jin Lee, Hyun Yee Cho, Chan Choi, Woon Won Jung; Korean J Pathol. 2009;43(4):342-350.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2009.43.4.342

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Abstract PDF

Background
DNA prevalence and type distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) varies geographically. We investigated HPV prevalence and type distribution in Korean women using the MyHPV DNA chip testing. Methods: A total of 2,368 women from five regions of the country underwent Pap smear examination and MyHPV chip testing. Results: Overall HPV positivity was 15.8% and 78.4% in women with normal and abnormal cytology, respectively. High-risk HPV infection was strongly correlated with cytological atypia. In women with abnormal cytology, the five most common HPV types were 16, 58, 18, 52, and 56/53, and HPV16 was significantly the most common type in most geographical regions. After HPV16, HPV58, and 52 were the next most frequently detected types. Women with normal cytology, in contrast, showed heterogeneity in HPV type distribution. High-grade intraepithelial lesions infected with HPV16, 18, 31 or 45 are more likely to progress to carcinoma. Conclusions: The HPV chip test can provide useful data regarding HPV positivity and type. The most common HPV type in Korean women with abnormal cytology is HPV16, with HPV58 and 52 being frequently present. Our data may have important implications for vaccination programs and the development of cervical screening.

Citations

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HPV genotyping by L1 amplicon sequencing of archived invasive cervical cancer samples: a pilot study
Charles D. Warden, Preetam Cholli, Hanjun Qin, Chao Guo, Yafan Wang, Chetan Kancharla, Angelique M. Russell, Sylvana Salvatierra, Lorraine Z. Mutsvunguma, Kerin K. Higa, Xiwei Wu, Sharon Wilczynski, Raju Pillai, Javier Gordon Ogembo
Infectious Agents and Cancer.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Enhanced disease progression due to persistent HPV-16/58 infections in Korean women: a systematic review and the Korea HPV cohort study
Jaehyun Seong, Sangmi Ryou, JeongGyu Lee, Myeongsu Yoo, Sooyoung Hur, Byeong-Sun Choi
Virology Journal.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparison of FFPE histological versus LBP cytological samples for HPV detection and typing in cervical cancer
Geehyuk Kim, Hyemi Cho, Dongsup Lee, Sunyoung Park, Jiyoung Lee, Hye-young Wang, Sunghyun Kim, Kwang Hwa Park, Hyeyoung Lee
Experimental and Molecular Pathology.2017; 102(2): 321. CrossRef
Distribution of Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus Genotypes at High Grade Cervical Lesions above CIN 2 Grade with Histological Diagnosis
Geehyuk Kim, Sungyoung Park, Hye-young Wang, Sunghyun Kim, Sangjung Park, Kwangmin Yu, Boohyung Lee, Seung-Ju Ahn, Eun-Joong Kim, Dongsup Lee
Biomedical Science Letters.2016; 22(2): 37. CrossRef
Human Papillomavirus Prevalence and Genotype Distribution in Normal and ASCUS Specimens: Comparison of a Reverse Blot Hybridization Assay with a DNA Chip Test
Sunghyun Kim, In-soo Lee, Dongsup Lee
Biomedical Science Letters.2015; 21(1): 32. CrossRef
Genotype Analysis of Human Papilloma Virus Infection in Accordance with Cytological Diagnoses
Mi-Suk Park, Hyun-Wook Cho, Jin-Gak Kim, Nan-Young Bae, Dong-Sun Oh, Ho-Hyun Park
Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science.2015; 47(1): 39. CrossRef
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Sun-Young Jun, Eun Su Park, Jiyoung Kim, Jun Kang, Jae Jun Lee, Yoonjin Bae, Sang-Il Kim, Lee-So Maeng, Magdalena Grce
PLOS ONE.2015; 10(10): e0140336. CrossRef
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Na Rae Kim, Myunghee Kang, Soon Pyo Lee, Hyunchul Kim, Jungsuk An, Dong Hae Chung, Seung Yeon Ha, Hyun Yee Cho
Korean Journal of Pathology.2014; 48(1): 43. CrossRef
Evaluation of Human Papillomavirus Genotyping from Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded Specimens in Cervical Cancers
Hyunwoo Jin
Journal of Life Science.2014; 24(9): 1025. CrossRef
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Eunsim Shin, Heojin Bae, Wan-Keun Song, Sun-Kyung Jung, Yoo-Sung Hwang
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Significance of HPV-58 Infection in Women Who Are HPV-Positive, Cytology-Negative and Living in a Country with a High Prevalence of HPV-58 Infection
Joon Seon Song, Eun Ju Kim, Jene Choi, Gyungyub Gong, Chang Ohk Sung, Robert D. Burk
PLoS ONE.2013; 8(3): e58678. CrossRef
REBA HPV‐ID® for efficient genotyping of human papillomavirus in clinical samples from Korean patients
Sunghyun Kim, Dongsup Lee, Sangjung Park, Tae Ue Kim, Bo‐Young Jeon, Kwang Hwa Park, Hyeyoung Lee
Journal of Medical Virology.2012; 84(8): 1248. CrossRef
Dynamin 2 expression as a biomarker in grading of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Yoo-Young Lee, Sang Yong Song, In-Gu Do, Tae-Joong Kim, Byoung-Gie Kim, Jeong-Won Lee, Duk-Soo Bae
European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology.2012; 164(2): 180. CrossRef
Cytomorphologic Features According to HPV DNA Type in Histologically Proven Cases of the Uterine Cervix
In Ho Choi, So-Young Jin, Dong Wha Lee, Dong Won Kim, Yoon Mi Jeen
The Korean Journal of Pathology.2011; 45(6): 612. CrossRef
Human Papillomavirus Prevalence in Gangwon Province Using Reverse Blot Hybridization Assay
Dongsup Lee, Sunghyun Kim, Sangjung Park, Hyunwoo Jin, Tae Ue Kim, Kwang Hwa Park, Hyeyoung Lee
The Korean Journal of Pathology.2011; 45(4): 348. CrossRef
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Case Report

Sebaceous Carcinoma Occurred in a Patient with Recurrent Bowen's Disease.: Mi Ok Park, Hoon Kyu Oh, Yong Jin Kim, Jae Bok Park; Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(5):476-481.

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Abstract PDF: Sebaceous carcinoma is a rare malignant epithelial tumor and has diverse clinical presentations as well as a variety of histologic patterns. Although the overwhelming majority of sebaceous carcinomas occur on the eyelid, they may also arise where sebaceous gland and hair are found together, but they favor the head and neck. We report a case of sebaceous carcinoma of the umbilicus in a 68-year-old man who had suffered from a long standing recurrent Bowen's disease of 23 years. The recurrent Bowen's disease in this patient appeared to be closely related to multiple arsenic medication 49 years and 39 years earlier. The excised specimen of umbilicus revealed a well demarcated, 1.5x1 cm sized tumor with grey-yellow hue. The tumor was identified as sebaceous carcinoma, which was characterized by lobular and comedo-carcinoma patterns. The tumor cells showed cytoplasmic foamy vacuolation, nuclear pleomorphism, and high mitotic activity. On an Oil-Red-O stain, the tumor cells were found to contain fine lipid droplets. The intracytoplasmic lipid vacuoles were demonstrated by an electron microscopic examination.

Original Articles

Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-beta and Morphologic Changes of Glomerulosclerosis in FGS/NgaKist Mouse.: Hoon Kyu Oh, Yong Jin Kim, Mi Ok Park, Chul Ho Lee, Byung Hwa Hyun, In Soo Shu; Korean J Pathol. 1998;32(1):35-42.

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Abstract PDF: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is presented as not only one of the primary glomerular diseases but also as a secondary phenomenon for chronic irreversible renal diseases. The main pathological feature of FSGS is the accumulation of extracellular matrix in the glomeruli, for which overexpression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) may be responsible for the accumulation of pathological matrix. A new animal model (FGS/NgaKist mouse) of renal failure by spontaneously generating glomerulosclerosis was developed. To elucidate the role of TGF-beta for FSGS, authors observed glomeruli of FGS/NgaKist mouse periodically. FGS/NgaKist mouse strain showed progression of proteinuria and focal glomerular sclerosis with the aging. The glomeruli showed anti IgG, IgA, IgM and complement complex deposits and extracellular matrix accumulation in the mesangium. TGF-beta mRNA and beta2antibody expressions were increased with the advance of glomerular sclerosis. The results suggest the following; FSGS of FGS/NgaKist strain is immune mediated disease and this stimuli on mesangial or endothelial cells may activate TGF-beta gene in their nuclei. This activation, in turn, can cause sclerosis by increasing TGF-beta mRNA transcription followed by secretion of TGF-beta and its action as cytokine for making collagen fibrils.

The Effects of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor on Progressive Glomerular Sclerosis.: Mi Ok Park, Yong Jin Kim, Hoon Kyu Oh, Chul Ho Lee, Byung Hwa Hyun, Jung Sik Kwak; Korean J Pathol. 1998;32(12):1058-1065.

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Abstract: Almost all advanced glomerular diseases have glomerular sclerotic changes to varying degrees whatever causes their primary glomerular disease are. Pathogenesis of these sclerosis has been thought of as the hyperfiltration in the primary glomerulosclerosis due to development of glomerular hypertension in each insulted glomeruli. This background gave the theoretical bases for antihypertensive therapies for supporting chronic renal insufficient patients. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, one of the antihypertensive drugs, has received attention recently for its effectiveness. The aims of this study determined the effects and mechanism of the ACE inhibitor, enalapril, on the glomerulosclerosis in FGS/NgaKist mice, which was an animal model of chronic renal failure by generating spontaneously heavy proteinuria and progressive glomerulosclerosis. Five-week-old FGS/NgaKist mice (n=38) were assigned to four groups. Group 1a (n=6) and group 2a (n=8) fed with a vehicle, were sacrificed at the end of 10 weeks and 15 weeks, respectively. Group 1b (n=12) and 2b (n=12) received enalapril (100 mg/L) in drinking water for 5 weeks and 10 weeks from 6th week of age respectively, and were sacrified on the same day as the control groups. Doses of enanapril were maintained to 2 mg/kg/day by measuring the amount of water consumption. In enalapril groups 1b and 2b, systemic blood pressure (74.7 14.0 mm Hg, 74.3 15.9 mmHg) were significantly lower than control group 2a (116.1 4.6 mmHg, P<0.001). Similarly, degree of proteinuria lowered in enalapril group 2b versus control group 2a (0% and 50.0%, P<0.001). Glomerulosclerosis percentage significantly decreased (P<0.001) (group 1b and 2b; 1.9 6.5, 5.6 7.0 vs control 1a and 2a; 32.8 15.5, 31.4 13.8). Glomerulosclerosis score also decreased (P<0.001) (group 1b and 2b; 0.02 0.08 vs control 1a and 2a; 0.48 0.12, 0.30 0.14). The immunofluorescent staining of enalapril groups showed negative for mesangial deposition of IgG, IgA, IgM, and C3 which were positive in control groups. Immunohistochemical staining with TGF-beta1 was negative in enalapril groups and sclerotic glomeruli both enalapril groups and control groups. These results support that the ACE inhibitor has a renoprotective effect on glomerulosclerosis not only by decreasing the blood pressure but also by suppressing the immune deposits on glomeruli.

Case Report

Analysis of Pulmonary Asbestos Body in Malignant Mesothelioma: A case report.: Hoon Kyu Oh, Jae Yoe Ro, Chul Jong Yoon, Je Geun Chi; Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(5):361-366.

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Abstract PDF: The association between occupational asbestos exposure and the subsequent development of malignant mesothelioma of pleura is well recognized. We analyzed an asbestos body by energy dispersive X-ray analyser in a case of malignant mesothelioma of pleura who had a history of asbestos exposure 30 years ago. In transmission electron microscope, the asbestos body was composed of a core of refractile thin asbestos fiber bundle and beaded masses of electron-dense iron and protein complex. The core fibers were analyzed as an amphibole type crocidolite fiber [(Na2Fe3Fe2(Si8O22)(OH)2] which composed of high content of silicon, iron and sodium.

Original Article

Cytologic Features of Plasmacytoma of the Ovary and Breast Occurred in a Patient with Solitary Plasmacytoma of Vertebra .: Mi OK Park, Hoon Kyu Oh, Yong Jin Kim, Jae Bok Park; Korean J Cytopathol. 1997;8(2):164-169.

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Abstract PDF: A case of plasmacytoma of the ovary and breast, which developed in a patient with a solitary plasmacytoma in the lumbar vertebra for nine months, was diagnosed cytologically and histologically. Enlargement of the right ovary and multiple palpable masses in the right and left breast were already present at six months after the diagnosis of vertebral solitary plasmacytoma. At eight months, plasma cell leukemia developed, and nine months the enlarged both ovaries, replaced by yellowish-gray solid tumors showed infiltration of immature plasma cells. The cytologic features of the ovarian tumors were same with those of the breast tumor. The tumor cells were of predominantly immature plasma cells with one or more nuclei. Some mature plasma cell had an eccentric nucleus with single nucleolus and peripherally clumped chromatin. Binucleated or multinucleated giant cells were often present. Histologically, sheets of poorly differentiated plasmacytoid tumor cells were separated by strands of hyaline fibrous tissue. On immunohistochemical stains, the tumor cells showed strong reactivity for lambda-light chain but no reaction for kappa-light chain, cytokeratin, or leukocyte common antigen.

Case Reports

Well Differentiated Adenosquamous Carcinoma of Lung Mimicking Benign Lesions in Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology: Report of a Case .: Jong Yup Bae, Hoon Kyu Oh, Jae Bok Park; Korean J Cytopathol. 2004;15(2):101-105.

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Abstract PDF: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytological examination is an appropriate method for the evaluation of pulmonary nodules. In major types of lung cancer, its diagnostic accuracy is quite high. However, it is sometimes difficult, using this technique, to differentiate between some unusual phenotypes including adenosquamous carcinoma, bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC), neuroendocrine tumor, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and sclerosing hemangioma. Here, we present a case involving extremely well differentiated adenosquamous carcinoma, mimicking benign lesions, such as pulmonary scar and adenomatoid malformation with squamous metaplasia. The patient was a 68-year-old man presenting with a solitary pulmonary nodule (1.6x1.6 cm), which was incidentally found at the periphery of the right lower lobe. FNA revealed some clusters of glandular cells with minimal atypia, in addition to squamous cells at a nearly full maturational state. Histological examination verified the cytological diagnosis on a lobectomy specimen. The tumor exhibited a well differentiated adenocarcinoma component, mimicking the bronchioles in scarred lung tissue, and a well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma component, mimicking the squamous cell nests of adenoacanthoma, in the other organs. In the present case, the possibility of adenosquamous carcinoma should have been considered if squamous cells were seen in the FNA from the peripheral pulmonary nodule, even though they appeared to be benign.

Adenocarcinoma of the Sigmoid Colon with Prominent Rhabdoid Features: A Case Report.: Hoon Kyu Oh, Chang Ho Cho, Yoon Seup Kum; Korean J Pathol. 2008;42(1):63-65.

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Abstract PDF: Colorectal adenocarcinoma with rhabdoid features is extremely rare and only two cases have been previously reported. We report here on a case of colorectal adenocarcinoma with prominent rhabdoid features in a 69-year-old female. The specimen was an ulcerative mass from the sigmoid colon, and it measured 3.5x3 cm. Microscopic examination of the tumor showed mostly rhabdoid cells that had eccentrically located large nuclei and foci of glandular formation. A transitional area from the poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma to the rhabdoid tumor was also noted. Immunohistochemical studies showed strong reactivity of the glandular forming cells for pan-cytokeratin, and the cells were occasionally positive for vimentin. The cells with rhabdoid features were diffusely positive for vimentin and focally positive for pan-cytokeratin. These results suggested that the cells with rhabdoid features originated from dedifferentiated primary adenocarcinoma. Since colorectal adenocarcinoma with rhabdoid features is highly aggressive and unresponsive to conventional therapy, making the preoperative diagnosis is important to facilitate the treatment.

Nasal Type NK/T Cell Lymphoma with Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia: A Case Report.: Hoon Kyu Oh, Jeong Kyu Kim, Kwan Kyu Park; Korean J Pathol. 2006;40(3):250-254.

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Abstract PDF: A case of prominent pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH), that was misdiagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) on the frozen section occured in the nasal mucosa of a patient suffering with nasal type NK/T cell lymphoma. To prevent misdiagnosis of this lesion, pathologists should be aware that NK/T cell lymphoma may be associated with overlying mucosal PEH, and so the physician must adhere to strict diagnostic criteria for making the diagnosis of SCC. The pathogenesis of PEH associated with NK/T cell lymphoma is not still clear, but it may be related to the production of growth factors, especially epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor, by the underlying tumors.

Heterotopic Mesenteric Ossification: A Case Report.: Hoon Kyu Oh, Jong Yup Bae; Korean J Pathol. 2006;40(1):70-72.

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Abstract PDF: Heterotopic mesenteric ossification is a very rare reactive lesion in the small bowel mesentery, and it is related with trauma or surgical operation. It is pathologically characterized by well formed bone trabeculae and prominent osteoblastic rimming and is clinically related to rapid and recurrent bowel obstruction symptoms. This unusual reactive process shares many clinical and pathologic features with myositis ossificans. We report here on a rare case of heterotopic mesenteric ossification in 28-year-old man who underwent a delayed small bowel resection 15 days after trauma.

Deep Nabothian Cyst of Uterine Cervix: A Case Report.: Hye Ra Jung, Yu Na Kang, Sun Young Kwon, Hoon Kyu Oh; Korean J Pathol. 2004;38(4):273-275.

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Abstract PDF: Herein, a case of nabothian cysts, extending into the deep cervical wall is reported. The radiologic and clinical examinations were suggestive of adenoma malignum. The cysts were incidentally found in a 42 year-old woman with abnormal uterine bleeding of about ten days duration. The patient underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy. A gross examination of the cervix revealed multiple mucin-filled cysts that extended almost to the serosa. On microscopic examination, the cysts were lined by columnar to flattened endocervical type cells, which are usually found in nabothian cysts. No atypical features or mitotic activity were noted. A deep nabothian cyst is a rare benign lesion of the cervix that should be distinguished from a cystically dilated adenoma malignum.

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