A 39-year-old man infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was admitted to our hospital because of sudden onset of chest pain. Chest radiography revealed pneumothorax of the right lung. Computed tomographic scans disclosed a 5.8-cm-sized emphysematous bulla in the right middle lobe of the lung. Histologically, the wedge-resected lung showed medium to large atypical cells within the bullous cavity of the Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, without solid mass formation. These atypical cells were confirmed to be large B-cell lymphoma, Epstein-Barr virus–positive and human herpesvirus 8–negative. Therefore, this case was not diagnosed as primary effusion lymphoma, but effusion-based lymphoma arising in an emphysematous cavity of an HIV-infected patient. This type of effusion-based lymphoma has never been reported, and, although rare, it should be noted in order to clinically diagnose this lymphoma.
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Primary Effusion Lymphoma: A Timely Review on the Association with HIV, HHV8, and EBV Chih-Yi Liu, Bo-Jung Chen, Shih-Sung Chuang Diagnostics.2022; 12(3): 713. CrossRef
Human herpesvirus 8-negative effusion-based large B-cell lymphoma: a distinct entity with unique clinicopathologic characteristics Savanah D. Gisriel, Ji Yuan, Ryan C. Braunberger, Danielle L.V. Maracaja, Xueyan Chen, Xiaojun Wu, Jenna McCracken, Mingyi Chen, Yi Xie, Laura E. Brown, Peng Li, Yi Zhou, Tarsheen Sethi, Austin McHenry, Ronald G. Hauser, Nathan Paulson, Haiming Tang, Eric Modern Pathology.2022; 35(10): 1411. CrossRef
Age and CD20 Expression Are Significant Prognostic Factors in Human Herpes Virus-8-negative Effusion-based Lymphoma Tomomi Kubota, Yosuke Sasaki, Eisuke Shiozawa, Masafumi Takimoto, Tsunekazu Hishima, Ja-Mun Chong American Journal of Surgical Pathology.2018; 42(12): 1607. CrossRef
BACKGROUND Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) has been strongly implicated in the etiopathogenesis of multiple myeloma.
Cytokines, especially interleukin-6, that are produced by HHV-8 infected bone marrow stromal cells may play a role in the proliferation of neoplastic plasma cells. Viral DNA sequences have been detected in the bone marrow and peripheral blood cells of myeloma patients. Yet some investigators have not found the same results. METHODS We exmined the presence of HHV-8 DNA in the paraffin-embedded cell block specimens of bone marrow aspirations from 26 patients with multiple myeloma by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with KS330(233) primers.
Thirteen cases of bone marrow aspirations from patients with other diseases were used as a negative control. The DNA extracted from the BC-1 cell line was used as a positive control. Immunohistochemistry using commercially available HHV-8 antibody was done in the cases that were proven HHV-8 DNA-positive by PCR. RESULTS One case (3.9%) among the 26 patients with myleoma was positive for HHV-8 DNA by PCR, but no positive cells were detected in this case by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS We could not find a clear relation between myeloma and HHV-8 in Korean patients examined in the present study.