Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Case Study

Mediastinal Glomus Tumor: A Case Report and Literature Review: Si-Hyong Jang, Hyun Deuk Cho, Ji-Hye Lee, Hyun Ju Lee, Hae Yoen Jung, Kyung-Ju Kim, Sung Sik Cho, Mee-Hye Oh; J Pathol Transl Med. 2015;49(6):520-524. Published online August 4, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2015.07.02

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A glomus tumor in the mediastinum is very uncommon, and only five cases have been reported in the English literature. We recently encountered a 21-year-old woman with an asymptomatic mediastinal mass that measured 5.3 × 4.0 cm. Surgical excision was performed, and the tumor was finally diagnosed as mediastinal glomus tumor with an uncertain malignant potential. After reviewing this case and previous reports, we analyzed the clinicopathologic features associated with progression of such a tumor.

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Primary glomus tumor of the thymus in a 66-year-old patient
Yibing Zang, Ruixing Zhao, Chengquan Ma, Dejun Gao
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Unexpected posterior mediastinal mass: A case report and literature review
Messaoudi Houssem, Bessrour Habib, Raghmoun Wafa, Dardour Syrine, Mansouri Nada, Hachicha Saber
International Journal of Surgery Case Reports.2024; 125: 110544. CrossRef
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Miho Muramoto, Shintaro Kanda, Takashi Kobayashi, Hisashi Tamada, Ayumu Fukazawa, Keiichirou Koiwai, Tomonobu Koizumi
Thoracic Cancer.2023; 14(13): 1204. CrossRef
Report of a vagal paraganglioma at the cervicothoracic junction
Jun Yun, Danielle Kapustin, Aisosa Omorogbe, Samuel J. Rubin, Daniel G. Nicastri, Reade A. De Leacy, Azita Khorsandi, Mark L. Urken
Head & Neck.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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W. Shane Sills, Janet A. Tooze, John D. Olson, David L. Caudell, Greg O. Dugan, Brendan J. Johnson, Nancy D. Kock, Rachel N. Andrews, George W. Schaaf, Richard A. Lang, J. Mark Cline
International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics.2022; 113(3): 661. CrossRef
Mesenchymal Tumors of the Mediastinum: An Update on Diagnostic Approach
Joon Hyuk Choi, Jae Y. Ro
Advances in Anatomic Pathology.2021; 28(5): 351. CrossRef
La glomangiomatose médiastinale postérieure : localisation exceptionnelle d’une tumeur rare. À propos d’un cas
A. Machboua, S. Hamraoui, S. Zarouki, I. Kamaoui, I. Alloubi
Revue des Maladies Respiratoires.2021; 38(8): 848. CrossRef
An unusual case of chest wall glomus tumor presenting with axillary pain: a case report and literature review
Leila Oryadi Zanjani, Bahman Shafiee Nia, Farzad Vosoughi, Elham Mirzaian, Leila Aghaghazvini, Aidin Arabzadeh
European Journal of Medical Research.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical Implications of 18F-FDG PET/CT in Malignant Glomus Tumors of the Esophagus
Romain-David Seban, Laurence Bozec, Laurence Champion
Clinical Nuclear Medicine.2020; 45(6): e301. CrossRef
Symplastic glomus tumor of the urinary bladder treated by robot-assisted partial cystectomy: a case report and literature review
Franco Palmisano, Franco Gadda, Matteo G. Spinelli, Marco Maggioni, Bernardo Rocco, Emanuele Montanari
Urologia Journal.2018; 85(3): 130. CrossRef
Thoracoscopic Surgery for Glomus Tumor: An Uncommon Mediastinal Neoplasm and Iatrogenic Tracheal Rupture
Zhongjie Fang, Dehua Ma, Baofu Chen, Huarong Luo
Case Reports in Surgery.2017; 2017: 1. CrossRef
Asymptomatic Glomus Tumor of the Mediastinum
Meletios Kanakis, Nikoletta Rapti, Maria Chorti, Achilleas Lioulias
Case Reports in Surgery.2015; 2015: 1. CrossRef

Original Article

Rapid and Sensitive Detection of KRAS Mutation by Peptide Nucleic Acid-based Real-time PCR Clamping: A Comparison with Direct Sequencing between Fresh Tissue and Formalin-fixed and Paraffin Embedded Tissue of Colorectal Cancer.: Dongjun Jeong, Yujun Jeong, Jonghyun Lee, Moo Jun Baek, Yongbae Kim, Ji Hye Lee, Hyun Deuk Cho, Mee Hye Oh, Chang Jin Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(2):151-159.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.2.151

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Rapid and sensitive detection of KRAS mutation is needed to maximize the benefits for patients who are being treated with monoclonal antibodies to target the epidermal growth factor receptor in colorectal cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the peptide nucleic acid clamp real-time PCR (PCqPCR) as compared to that of direct sequencing (DS) between using fresh colorectal cancer tissue and the matched formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) colorectal cancer tissue.
METHODS
The efficacy of PCqPCR was evaluated and compared with that of DS using fresh tissue and matched FFPE tissue from 30 cases of colorectal cancer.
RESULTS
PCqPCR is more sensitive than DS for detecting KRAS mutation. PCqPCR detected 1% of mutants in 1 ng DNA. PCqPCR detected mutation in 1% of mutant cells, while DS barely detected, by manual reading, that in 20-50% of mutant cells. In the clinical samples, PCqPCR detected KRAS mutation in 60.0% while DS detected KRAS mutation in 53.3% of the colorectal cancers. The two methods showed a 100% concordance rate for detecting KRAS mutation between the fresh tissue and FFPE tissue.
CONCLUSIONS
The PCqPCR method is efficiently applicable for the detection of KRAS mutation in a clinical setting.

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NTRK oncogenic fusions are exclusively associated with the serrated neoplasia pathway in the colorectum and begin to occur in sessile serrated lesions
Jung Ho Kim, Jeong Hoon Hong, Yoon‐La Choi, Ji Ae Lee, Mi‐kyoung Seo, Mi‐Sook Lee, Sung Bin An, Min Jung Sung, Nam‐Yun Cho, Sung‐Su Kim, Young Kee Shin, Sangwoo Kim, Gyeong Hoon Kang
The Journal of Pathology.2021; 255(4): 399. CrossRef
Discrimination of the V600E Mutation in BRAF by Rolling Circle Amplification and Förster Resonance Energy Transfer
Mariia Dekaliuk, Xue Qiu, Frédéric Troalen, Pierre Busson, Niko Hildebrandt
ACS Sensors.2019; 4(10): 2786. CrossRef
Sensitive Genotyping of Somatic Mutations in the EGFR, KRAS, PIK3CA, BRAF Genes from NSCLC Patients Using Hydrogel Biochips
Marina Emelyanova, Ksenia Arkhipova, Natalia Mazurenko, Alexander Chudinov, Irina Demidova, Irina Zborovskaya, Lyudmila Lyubchenko, Alexander Zasedatelev, Tatiana Nasedkina
Applied Immunohistochemistry & Molecular Morphology.2015; 23(4): 255. CrossRef
Low Frequency of KRAS Mutation in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas in Korean Patients and Its Prognostic Value
Mi Jung Kwon, Jang Yong Jeon, Hye-Rim Park, Eun Sook Nam, Seong Jin Cho, Hyung Sik Shin, Ji Hyun Kwon, Joo Seop Kim, Boram Han, Dong Hoon Kim, Yoon-La Choi
Pancreas.2015; 44(3): 484. CrossRef
Comparison of PNA clamping and direct sequencing for detecting KRAS mutations in matched tumour tissue, cell block, pleural effusion and serum from patients with malignant pleural effusion
Ji Young Kang, Chan Kwon Park, Chang Dong Yeo, Hea Yeon Lee, Chin Kook Rhee, Seung Joon Kim, Seok Chan Kim, Young Kyoon Kim, Mi Sun Park, Hyeon Woo Yim
Respirology.2015; 20(1): 138. CrossRef
BRAF V600E Mutation Analysis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas by Peptide Nucleic Acid Clamp Real-time PCR
Dongjun Jeong, Yujun Jeong, Ji Hye Park, Sun Wook Han, Sung Yong Kim, Yeo Joo Kim, Sang Jin Kim, Young Hwangbo, Soyoung Park, Hyun Deuk Cho, Mee Hye Oh, Seung Ha Yang, Chang Jin Kim
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2013; 20(3): 759. CrossRef
Detection and comparison of EGFR mutations in matched tumor tissues, cell blocks, pleural effusions, and sera from patients with NSCLC with malignant pleural effusion, by PNA clamping and direct sequencing
Chang Dong Yeo, Jin Woo Kim, Kwan Hyoung Kim, Jick Hwan Ha, Chin Kook Rhee, Seung Joon Kim, Young Kyoon Kim, Chan Kwon Park, Sang Haak Lee, Mi Sun Park, Hyeon Woo Yim
Lung Cancer.2013; 81(2): 207. CrossRef
Detection ofBRAFV600EMutations in Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas by Peptide Nucleic Acid Clamp Real-Time PCR: A Comparison with Direct Sequencing
Dongjun Jeong, Yujun Jeong, Sungche Lee, Hyeran Lee, Wanju Lee, Hyungjoo Kim, Doosan Park, Soyoung Park, Wenxia Mu, Hyun-Deuk Cho, Mee-Hye Oh, Sung Soo Lee, Seung-Ha Yang, Chang-Jin Kim
Korean Journal of Pathology.2012; 46(1): 61. CrossRef

Case Reports

Coexistence of Intrapulmonary Bronchogenic Cyst and Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation: A Case Report.: Mee Hye Oh, Eun Ah Jung, Ji Hye Lee, Hyun Deuk Cho, Ki Hyun Seo, Seock Yeol Lee, Young Tong Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(1):92-95.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.1.92

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Abstract PDF

Congenital cystic lesions of the lung are uncommon and a conjunction of two or more lesions is very rare. We report here on a case of coexisting intrapulmonary bronchogenic cyst and congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation in a 13-year-old female with a cystic mass in the right upper lobe of the lung. Computed tomography showed a cystic lesion measuring 2.5 cm with an air fluid level and surrounding multicystic lesions in the right upper lobe. On gross examination, the cut surface showed a cystic mass containing inspissated mucinous material, and the cystic mass was surrounded by multiple small cysts. Microscopically, the larger cystic cavity was lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. The submucosal tissue contained mucinous glands and plates of cartilage. The surrounding smaller cysts or irregular spaces were lined with bronchiolar-type respiratory epithelium. We propose that this hybrid lung lesion may represent the missing link in a common embryologic pathway determined by the timing of mesenchymal and epithelial interactions.

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Case 2: Coexisting Cystic Lesions of Lung in a Term Neonate: A Management Dilemma
Bichitrananda Raut, Aakriti Soni, Susanta Kumar Badatya, Satish Saluja, Manoj Modi, Arun Soni
NeoReviews.2018; 19(9): e542. CrossRef

Spindle Cell Epithelioma, a So-called Benign Mixed Tumor of the Vagina: A Case Report.: Mee Hye Oh, Eun Ah Jung, Ji Hye Lee, Hyun Deuk Cho, Seung Ha Yang, Jeong Ja Kwak; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(6):670-674.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.6.670

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Abstract PDF: We report a case of spindle cell epithelioma, a so-called benign mixed tumor of the vagina. The patient was a 35-year-old nulliparous woman who presented with a polypoid mass in the posterior wall of the lower vagina just above the hymenal ring. The tumor was relatively well-defined with an expansile margin and composed of stromal-type spindle cells with a myxoid stroma arranged in short fascicles and an irregular cord-like or reticular pattern. A few glandular structures lined by cuboidal cells with squamous metaplasia were also noted. Cellular atypia was not conspicuous and mitosis was not found. We examined this tumor immunohistochemically to identify the histogenesis. The coexpression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers in stromal-type spindle cells suggested a multipotential cell origin for this tumor. The patient has been well with no signs of recurrence during the 12 months after surgery.

Original Article

Clinicopathological Significance of S100A4 Expression in Non-small Cell Lung Carcinomas.: Eun Ah Jung, Hyun Deuk Cho, Ji Hye Lee, Mee Hye Oh; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(5):477-482.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.5.477

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
S100A4 has been implicated in invasion and metastasis of various malignant tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not S100A4 plays an important role in non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs).
METHODS
Sixty-seven patients with NSCLC including 37 with squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and 30 with adenocarcinomas (ADs) who had undergone surgical resection were analyzed. S100A4 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarray blocks.
RESULTS
S100A4 expression was positive in 56 (83.6%) of 67 NSCLC cases. ADs were more frequently S100A4 positive than SCCs (p = 0.017). However, no significant correlation was observed between S100A4 expression and age, gender, pT, pN or tumor, node and metastasis (TNM) stage. Two distant metastatic cases revealed an S100A4 positive reaction. Kaplan-Meier survival curves with the log-rank test showed no correlation with 3-year survival (p = 0.782) or 5-year survival (p = 0.227) in either group of patients according to S100A4 expression.
CONCLUSIONS
S100A4 expression was not correlated with age, gender, pT, pN or TNM stage or survival in patients with NSCLCs. Therefore, S100A4 expression may not be useful as a prognostic marker for NSCLCs. However, S100A4 expression showed a higher positivity in ADs than in SCCs.

Citations

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Clinicopathological and prognostic value of S100A4 expression in non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis
Jing Zhang, Yanhui Gu, Xiaoli Liu, Ximin Rao, Guichuan Huang, Yao Ouyang
Bioscience Reports.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
S100A4 promotes endometrial cancer progress through epithelial-mesenchymal transition regulation
TENG HUA, SHUANGGE LIU, XIAOYAN XIN, LIQIONG CAI, RUI SHI, SHUQI CHI, DILU FENG, HONGBO WANG
Oncology Reports.2016; 35(6): 3419. CrossRef
Prognostic value of cytoplasmic expression of S100A4 protein in endometrial carcinoma
HYE IN CHONG, JEONG HEE LEE, MAN SOO YOON, DONG SOO SUH, KYUNGBIN KIM, JEE YEON KIM, KYUNG UN CHOI
Oncology Reports.2014; 31(6): 2701. CrossRef
Clinical significance of E-cadherin, β-catenin, vimentin and S100A4 expression in completely resected squamous cell lung carcinoma
Hua Zhang, Jun Liu, Dongsheng Yue, Liuwei Gao, Daowei Wang, Hongdian Zhang, Changli Wang
Journal of Clinical Pathology.2013; 66(11): 937. CrossRef
Expression of S100A4, ephrin-A1 and osteopontin in non-small cell lung cancer
Ane Kongsgaard, Marius Lund-Iversen, Gisle Berge, Odd Terje Brustugun, Steinar K Solberg, Gunhild M Mælandsmo, Kjetil Boye
BMC Cancer.2012;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinicopathologic Implication of Ezrin Expression in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Ho Won Lee, Eui Han Kim, Mee-Hye Oh
Korean Journal of Pathology.2012; 46(5): 470. CrossRef

Case Reports

Mucinous Tubular and Spindle Cell Carcinoma of the Kidney with Aggressive Behavior: An Unusual Renal Epithelial Neoplasm: A Case Report.: Ji Hye Lee, Mee Hye Oh, Hyun Deuk Cho, Young Sik Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(2):211-215.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.2.211

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Abstract PDF

Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma is a rare low-grade renal cell carcinoma, which was first described as a new entity in the World Health Organization 2004 classification. We report here on a case of this tumor with very unusual aggressive behavior. A 73-year-old man presented with gross hematuria. A computed tomography scan demonstrated a 5 cm sized low density mass in the left kidney. The radical nephrectomy specimen grossly showed a well demarcated tumor confined to the renal parenchyma. Histologically, the tumor consisted of elongated tubules or trabeculae of oval to cuboidal cells with a low nuclear grade, and these tubules/trabeculae were separated by abundant acidic mucinous stroma. In some areas, spindle cell components were mixed with parallel tubules. Neither significant atypia nor mitosis was seen. The patient developed multiple metastatic pulmonary nodules 2 months later. Four months after the surgery, the left supraclavicular, right hilar and right subcarinal lymph nodes were also enlarged by metastasis. The patient died of respiratory failure 13 months after the operation.

Citations

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Mucinous spindle and tubular renal cell carcinoma: analysis of chromosomal aberration pattern of low-grade, high-grade, and overlapping morphologic variant with papillary renal cell carcinoma
Kvetoslava Peckova, Petr Martinek, Maris Sperga, Delia Perez Montiel, Ondrej Daum, Pavla Rotterova, Kristýna Kalusová, Milan Hora, Kristýna Pivovarcikova, Boris Rychly, Semir Vranic, Whitney Davidson, Josef Vodicka, Magdaléna Dubová, Michal Michal, Ondrej
Annals of Diagnostic Pathology.2015; 19(4): 226. CrossRef

Calcifying Aponeurotic Fibroma of the Elbow: A Case Report.: Mee Hye Oh, Eun Ah Jung, Ji Hye Lee, Hyun Deuk Cho, Jong Kyu Han, Yong Koo Park; Korean J Pathol. 2009;43(1):75-78.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2009.43.1.75

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Abstract PDF: Calcifying aponeurotic fibroma is a rare soft tissue tumor that mostly occurs in the distal extremities of children and adolescents. We report here on a case of calcifying aponeurotic fibroma of the right elbow in an 8-year-old boy, and the tumor was diagnosed by surgical excision. The patient complained of painless swelling and mild limitation of the range of motion of the elbow joint. Radiologically, the mass was ill-defined and showed stippled calcification with shallow bony erosion. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of spindle cells with nodular deposits of hyalination and calcification, and these deposits were surrounded by palisading polygonal plump cells. Immunohistochemically, the tumor showed a diffuse positive expression for CD99 and negativity for smooth muscle actin, S-100 protein and CD34. The patient has been well with no signs of recurrence during the 42 months after surgery.

Original Articles

The Usefulness of Cytokeratin 7 and Colon Ovarian Tumor Antigen in the Differential Diagnosis of Primary and Metastatic Ovarian Tumors.: Eung Seok Lee, Hyun Deuk Cho, In Sun Kim; Korean J Pathol. 1998;32(3):201-207.

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Abstract PDF: Cytokeratin 7 has been known to be present in various types of human epithelial cells including the ovarian neoplasms, but not in colon cancers. The antibody to colon ovarian tumor antigen (COTA) has been introduced as a marker of colon and ovarian tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of cytokeratin 7 and COTA in the differential diagnosis between ovarian primary and metastatic tumors. Nineteen primary ovarian epithelial tumors, seven metastatic carcinomas of the ovary from the stomach, three metastatic carcinomas of the ovary from the colon, one mucinous tumor of the ovary associated with a mucinous tumor of the appendix and pseudomyxoma peritonei, and nineteen colonic and twenty gastric adenocarcinomas were stained with monoclonal antibodies to cytokeratin 7 and COTA. The results are summerized as follows; In the primary ovarian tumors, 94.4% were positive for cytokeratin 7 and 50% were positive for COTA. In the primary colonic adenocarcinomas, 94.7% were negative for cytokeratin 7 and 68% were positive for COTA. In the metastatic ovarian tumor from the colonic adenocarcinomas, 100% were negative for cytokeratin 7 and positive for COTA. In the primary gastric adenocarcinomas, 40% were negative for cytokeratin 7 and 85% were negative for COTA. In the metastatic ovarian tumor from the gastric adenocarcinomas, 43% were negative for cytokeratin 7 and 14% were negative for COTA. From the results of this study, it could be concluded that in the differential diagnosis of primary ovarian tumors from metastatic colonic carcinomas, positive reaction for cytokeratin 7 suggests a primary ovarian tumor but a negative reaction for cytokeratin 7 and positive reaction for COTA suggest metastatic colonic carcinomas. The results of this study also reveal that cytokeratin 7 and COTA are not useful in the differential diagnosis of primary ovarian tumors from metastatic gastric carcinomas.

Expression of Androgen Receptor, bcl-2 Protein and Rb Protein in Breast Cancers as Related to Prognostic Factors.: Hyun Deuk Cho, Young Sik Kim, Insun Kim; Korean J Pathol. 1998;32(6):443-452.

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Abstract: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy of women in industrialized countries and the third in Korean women. There have been a lot of studies on biologic behaviors as well as on the prognostic factors of the breast cancer. In this study, the expression of hormone receptors (estrogen receptor ; ER, progesterone receptor ; PR, and androgen receptor ; AR), bcl-2 and Rb proteins were immunostained on 60 infiltrating ductal carcinomas of the breast. The results were evaluated in relation with the age, histologic grade, tumor size, and status of lymph node metastasis. The expression of ER and PR had a significant inverse correlation with the histologic grade (p<0.001). The expression of AR was significantly correlated with the expression of ER (p=0.039) and PR (p=0.009), but not with other factors such as age, histologic grade, tumor size, and status of lymph node metastasis. There was no relationship between bcl-2 protein expresssion and other prognostic factors, except with the expression of ER. Rb protein expression had a significant positive relationship with PR (p=0.05) and the degree of positivity was correlated with histologic grade (p=0.002). In conclusion, this result suggests that expression of AR is well correlated with ER and PR. bcl-2 has no prognostic value. The significance of Rb protein expression remained to be studied.

E-Cadherin Expression in Renal Cell Carcinoma according to the Mainz Classification.: Ju Han Lee, Hyun Deuk Cho, Dale Lee, Nam Hee Won; Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(12):1131-1138.

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Abstract PDF: According to the Mainz classification, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) consists of three subtypes: each has characteristic genetic alterations within the chromosomal or mitochondrial DNA. The three subtypes are: clear cell type, chromophil type, and chromophobe type. E-cadherin is a Ca++-dependent adhesion molecule which plays a major role in the maintenance of intercellular adhesion in epithelial tissues. In a normal kidney, E-cadherin is expressed in the distal tubule and the collecting duct, but not in the proximal tubule. We reclassified 110 cases of RCC according to mainz classification. Immunohistochemical staining for E-cadherin was done on twenty eight cases of RCC, including 18 cases of clear cell type, four cases of chromophil type, and six cases of chromophobe type. The results were as follows: 1) of the 110 cases of RCC, 96 cases (87.3%) were of clear cell type, four cases (3.6%) of chromophil type, and ten cases (9.1%) of chromophobe type, 2) there was no significant correlation between the nuclear grade and clinical stage according to each subtype, 3) E-cadherin expression showed a strong positive reaction along the cell membranes in all six cases of chromophobe type. The differential expression of E-cadherin in RCC may suggest that the chromophobe type may have different biologic characteristics from other types of RCC.

Inactivation Pattern of p16 Gene in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas.: Hyun Deuk Cho, In Sun Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2002;36(6):365-373.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and mutation of the p16 tumor suppressor gene have been detected in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs). Recently, hypermethylation of the p16 gene has been reported. The role of p16 gene alterations in the genesis of NHLs and their high-grade transformations require explanation.
METHODS
LOH of D9S171 and IFNA microsatellite markers, DNA hypermethylation, and mutation of exon 1 and 2A were assessed in 43 cases of NHLs. The genetic abnormalities were compared with the protein expression by immunohistochemistry, and they were evaluated according to the histologic subtypes, grades and immunophenotypes.
RESULTS
DNA hypermethylation was the most common p16 gene abnormality and was found in 30 of 39 cases (76.9%). Eight cases (18.6%) showed LOH in one or both microsatellite markers, and five cases (11.6%) showed mutations in exon 1 or 2A. Loss of protein expression was seen in 17 cases (39.5%) and was associated with mutation and LOH. Loss of protein was more frequent in high-grade lymphomas than in low-grade lymphomas.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that the functional loss of the p16 gene contributes to the development of NHLs, especially to the development of high-grade lymphomas.

The Expressions of Tyrosine Kinase Receptors, EphA2, c-met and c-erbB-2 in the Human Breast.: Soo Kee Min, Hyun Deuk Cho, Seong Jin Cho, Hye Rim Park, Hyung Sik Shin, Young Euy Park, Bom Woo Yeom; Korean J Pathol. 2005;39(1):15-22.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Tyrosine kinase receptor (TKR) is an important protein for normal-development, growth and tumorigenesis in human tissues. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of TKR in the progression of breast cancer.
METHODS
The expressions of EphA2, c-met and c-erbB-2 were examined, by using immunohistochemical methods and RT-PCR, in samples of breast tissue that included 111 samples of normal epithelium, 34 samples of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and 109 samples of invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC). The results were compared with the prognostic parameters of breast cancer including the tumor grade, growth pattern, lymph node metastasis and the expressions of ER, PR, p53 and Ki-67.
RESULTS
The protein expressions of the three TKRs were higher in DCIS and IDC than in normal epithelium. The protein expression of EphA2 was correlated with a tumor grade, a labeling index of Ki-67, and the protein expression of c-met. Overexpression of c-erbB-2 was correlated with lymph node metastasis. The mRNA levels of the three TKRs were correlated with each other in normal tissue and IDC. The level of c-met mRNA was higher in the low grade tumors.
CONCLUSIONS
The three TKRs may play roles in the tumorigenesis of human breast cancer. The overexpressions of EphA2 and c-erbB-2 may be a poor prognostic parameter in breast cancers.

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