Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Case Studies

Mediastinal Glomus Tumor: A Case Report and Literature Review: Si-Hyong Jang, Hyun Deuk Cho, Ji-Hye Lee, Hyun Ju Lee, Hae Yoen Jung, Kyung-Ju Kim, Sung Sik Cho, Mee-Hye Oh; J Pathol Transl Med. 2015;49(6):520-524. Published online August 4, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2015.07.02

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A glomus tumor in the mediastinum is very uncommon, and only five cases have been reported in the English literature. We recently encountered a 21-year-old woman with an asymptomatic mediastinal mass that measured 5.3 × 4.0 cm. Surgical excision was performed, and the tumor was finally diagnosed as mediastinal glomus tumor with an uncertain malignant potential. After reviewing this case and previous reports, we analyzed the clinicopathologic features associated with progression of such a tumor.

Citations

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Primary glomus tumor of the thymus in a 66-year-old patient
Yibing Zang, Ruixing Zhao, Chengquan Ma, Dejun Gao
Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Unexpected posterior mediastinal mass: A case report and literature review
Messaoudi Houssem, Bessrour Habib, Raghmoun Wafa, Dardour Syrine, Mansouri Nada, Hachicha Saber
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A case of mediastinal mesenchymal tumor with pericytic neoplasm feature that responded to radiation therapy
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Thoracic Cancer.2023; 14(13): 1204. CrossRef
Report of a vagal paraganglioma at the cervicothoracic junction
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Head & Neck.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Total-Body Irradiation Is Associated With Increased Incidence of Mesenchymal Neoplasia in a Radiation Late Effects Cohort of Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)
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Mesenchymal Tumors of the Mediastinum: An Update on Diagnostic Approach
Joon Hyuk Choi, Jae Y. Ro
Advances in Anatomic Pathology.2021; 28(5): 351. CrossRef
La glomangiomatose médiastinale postérieure : localisation exceptionnelle d’une tumeur rare. À propos d’un cas
A. Machboua, S. Hamraoui, S. Zarouki, I. Kamaoui, I. Alloubi
Revue des Maladies Respiratoires.2021; 38(8): 848. CrossRef
An unusual case of chest wall glomus tumor presenting with axillary pain: a case report and literature review
Leila Oryadi Zanjani, Bahman Shafiee Nia, Farzad Vosoughi, Elham Mirzaian, Leila Aghaghazvini, Aidin Arabzadeh
European Journal of Medical Research.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical Implications of 18F-FDG PET/CT in Malignant Glomus Tumors of the Esophagus
Romain-David Seban, Laurence Bozec, Laurence Champion
Clinical Nuclear Medicine.2020; 45(6): e301. CrossRef
Symplastic glomus tumor of the urinary bladder treated by robot-assisted partial cystectomy: a case report and literature review
Franco Palmisano, Franco Gadda, Matteo G. Spinelli, Marco Maggioni, Bernardo Rocco, Emanuele Montanari
Urologia Journal.2018; 85(3): 130. CrossRef
Thoracoscopic Surgery for Glomus Tumor: An Uncommon Mediastinal Neoplasm and Iatrogenic Tracheal Rupture
Zhongjie Fang, Dehua Ma, Baofu Chen, Huarong Luo
Case Reports in Surgery.2017; 2017: 1. CrossRef
Asymptomatic Glomus Tumor of the Mediastinum
Meletios Kanakis, Nikoletta Rapti, Maria Chorti, Achilleas Lioulias
Case Reports in Surgery.2015; 2015: 1. CrossRef

A Rare Case of Primary Tubular Adenocarcinoma of the Thymus, Enteric Immunophenotype: A Case Study and Review of the Literature: Hae Yoen Jung, Hyundeuk Cho, Jin-Haeng Chung, Sang Byoung Bae, Ji-Hye Lee, Hyun Ju Lee, Si-Hyong Jang, Mee-Hye Oh; J Pathol Transl Med. 2015;49(4):331-334. Published online June 1, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2015.04.16

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Abstract PDF

Thymic carcinomas are uncommon malignant tumors, and thymic adenocarcinomas are extremely rare. Here, we describe a case of primary thymic adenocarcinoma in a 59-year-old woman. Histological examination of the tumor revealed tubular morphology with expression of cytokeratin 20 and caudal-type homeobox 2 according to immunohistochemistry, suggesting enteric features. Extensive clinical and radiological studies excluded the possibility of an extrathymic primary tumor. A review of the literature revealed only two global cases of primary tubular adenocarcinomas of the thymus with enteric immunophenotype.

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Clinical characteristics and prognosis of primary thymic adenocarcinoma: A single‐center retrospective analysis
Qian Hong, Rui Han, Chen Chen, Fuquan Wang, Sining Zhang, Chenguang Zhao, Fang Li, Juwei Mu, Jiagen Li
Thoracic Cancer.2024; 15(24): 1815. CrossRef
Case report: Primary adenocarcinoma NOS of the thymus and cytological features
Jonathan Willner, Osvaldo Hernandez, Lea Azour, Andre L. Moreira
Diagnostic Cytopathology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Enteric-type thymic adenocarcinoma: a case report and literature review focusing on prognosis based on histological subtypes
Rurika Hamanaka, Kei Nakano, Takaaki Tsuboi, Kazuhito Hatanaka, Mitsutomo Kohno, Ryota Masuda, Masayuki Iwazaki
General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery.2022; 70(5): 501. CrossRef
Metastatic thymic-enteric adenocarcinoma responding to chemoradiation plus anti-angiogenic therapy: A case report
Man Li, Xiao-Yu Pu, Li-Hua Dong, Peng-Yu Chang
World Journal of Clinical Cases.2021; 9(7): 1676. CrossRef
A case report: primary thymic adenocarcinoma with enteric differentiation
Yuuki Kou, Hirokazu Tanaka, Nobuhisa Yamazaki, Hiroyoshi Watanabe, Makoto Sonobe
The Journal of the Japanese Association for Chest Surgery.2020; 34(2): 107. CrossRef
Thymic enteric type adenocarcinoma: A case report with cytological features
Marie Tamai, Mitsuaki Ishida, Yusuke Ebisu, Hisashi Okamoto, Chika Miyasaka, Chisato Ohe, Yoshiko Uemura, Tomohito Saito, Tomohiro Murakawa, Koji Tsuta
Diagnostic Cytopathology.2018; 46(1): 92. CrossRef
Histologic characteristics of thymic adenocarcinomas: Clinicopathologic study of a nine-case series and a review of the literature
Ah-Young Kwon, Joungho Han, Jinah Chu, Yong Soo Choi, Byeong-Ho Jeong, Myung-Ju Ahn, Yong Chan Ahn
Pathology - Research and Practice.2017; 213(2): 106. CrossRef
Characterization of genetic aberrations in a single case of metastatic thymic adenocarcinoma
Yeonghun Lee, Sehhoon Park, Se-Hoon Lee, Hyunju Lee
BMC Cancer.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Cytologic Characteristics of Thymic Adenocarcinoma with Enteric Differentiation: A Study of Four Fine-Needle Aspiration Specimens
Ah-Young Kwon, Joungho Han, Hae-yon Cho, Seokhwi Kim, Heejin Bang, Jiyeon Hyeon
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2017; 51(5): 509. CrossRef
Mucinous cystic tumor with CK20 and CDX2 expression of the thymus: Is this a benign counterpart of adenocarcinoma of the thymus, enteric type?
Jun Akiba, Hiroshi Harada, Shintaro Yokoyama, Toshihiro Hashiguchi, Akihiko Kawahara, Masahiro Mitsuoka, Shinzo Takamori, Hirohisa Yano
Pathology International.2016; 66(1): 29. CrossRef
Colon cancer chemotherapy for a patient with CDX2-expressing metastatic thymic adenocarcinoma: a case report and literature review
Akihiko Sawaki, Mikiya Ishihara, Yuji Kozuka, Hiroyasu Oda, Satoshi Tamaru, Yumiko Sugawara, Yoshiki Yamashita, Toshiro Mizuno, Taizo Shiraishi, Naoyuki Katayama
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Metastatic Thymic Adenocarcinoma from Colorectal Cancer
Mina Lee, Suk Jin Choi, Yong Han Yoon, Joung-Taek Kim, Wan Ki Baek, Young Sam Kim
The Korean Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery.2015; 48(6): 447. CrossRef

Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma of the Uterine Cervix: A Case Report and Review of the Literature: Hyun Ju Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2014;48(5):361-365. Published online October 27, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2014.48.5.361

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Abstract PDF

Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) of the uterine cervix is a rare malignancy, and 21 cases have been reported the literature from every language (including our case). Herein, we describe a 17-yearold female patient who presented with active vaginal bleeding. Pelvic examination revealed a 1.6 ×1.0×0.5-cm-sized soft mass protruding from the uterine cervix. The final pathological diagnosis was ASPS of the uterine cervix. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were strongly nuclear positive for transcription factor E3. The patient remained disease free for 24 months without adjuvant therapy. The prognosis of ASPS in the cervix is considerably better than that of ASPS in soft tissues due to early clinical detection, small size, and resectability. ASPS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an unusual epithelioid neoplasm showing organoid appearance with mild cytologic atypia and no/rare mitotic figures, particularly in young women. Pathologists should be aware of those unusual locations where ASPS may originate.

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Primary Uterine Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma in a Postmenopausal Woman: Histopathologic and Immunohistochemical Characteristics of a Rare Case
Anjali Gupta, Parikshaa Gupta, Amarjot Kaur, Snigdha Kumari, Gupta Nalini, Shalini Gainder
International Journal of Surgical Pathology.2024; 32(6): 1165. CrossRef
Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma in the Female Genital Tract: Case Series with Literature Review and SEER Database Analysis
Xingtao Long, Qingming Jiang, Rengui Li, Dong Wang, Dongling Zou
International Journal of Women's Health.2024; Volume 16: 17. CrossRef
Alveolar soft part sarcoma: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of 26 cases emphasizing risk factors and prognosis
Yi Zhang, Yuchen Huang, Yanzi Qin, Ningning Yang, Panpan Yang, Nan Li, Zhenzhong Feng
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Kaitlyn M. Yim, Tom Liang, Esteban Gnass, Brittney DeClerck
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A Case of TFE3-positive Non-neoplastic Pseudodecidualized Endometrium Presenting as a Cervical Mass
Serenella Serinelli, Dana Hariri, Gustavo de la Roza, Daniel J. Zaccarini
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Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma of the Uterus: Clinicopathological and Molecular Characteristics
Yurimi Lee, Kiyong Na, Ha Young Woo, Hyun-Soo Kim
Diagnostics.2022; 12(5): 1102. CrossRef
Alveolar soft part sarcoma in childhood and adolescence: Report of three cases and review of literature
Yudi Zhang, Ying Wang, Hao Wang, Chuan Wen, Xiaochuan Wu
Frontiers in Pediatrics.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Exploring the Histogenesis and Diagnostic Strategy Using Immunoassay and RT-PCR in Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma
Xinxin Ju, Kunming Sun, Ruixue Liu, Shugang Li, Gulinaer Abulajiang, Hong Zou, Jiaojiao Lan, Yan Ren, Jinfang Jiang, Weihua Liang, Lijuan Pang, Feng Li
Pathology & Oncology Research.2018; 24(3): 593. CrossRef
Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma of the Female Genital Tract
J. Kenneth Schoolmeester, Joseph Carlson, Gary L. Keeney, Karen J. Fritchie, Esther Oliva, Robert H. Young, Marisa R. Nucci
American Journal of Surgical Pathology.2017; 41(5): 622. CrossRef
Recurrent alveolar soft part sarcoma of the uterine cervix
Aeli Ryu, Seong Taek Mun, Hyun Ju Lee, Nan-Seol Kim
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Original Articles

Comparison of Direct Sequencing, PNA Clamping-Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, and Pyrosequencing Methods for the Detection of EGFR Mutations in Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma and the Correlation with Clinical Responses to EGFR Tyrosin: Hyun Ju Lee, Xianhua Xu, Hyojin Kim, Yan Jin, Pingli Sun, Ji Eun Kim, Jin-Haeng Chung; Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(1):52-60. Published online February 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.1.52

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Abstract PDF

Background

The aims of this study were to evaluate the abilities of direct sequencing (DS), peptide nucleic acid (PNA) clamping, and pyrosequencing methods to detect epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) samples and to correlate EGFR mutational status as determined by each method with the clinical response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).

Methods

Sixty-one NSCLC patients treated with EGFR TKIs were identified to investigate somatic mutations in the EGFR gene (exons 18-21).

Results

Mutations in the EGFR gene were detected in 38 of the 61 patients (62%) by DS, 35 (57%) by PNA clamping and 37 (61%) by pyrosequencing. A total of 44 mutations (72%) were found by at least one of the three methods, and the concordances among the results were relatively high (82-85%; kappa coefficient, 0.713 to 0.736). There were 15 discordant cases (25%) among the three different methods.

Conclusions

All three EGFR mutation tests had good concordance rates (over 82%) for FFPE samples. These results suggest that if the DNA quality and enrichment of tumor cells are assured, then DS, PNA clamping, and pyrosequencing are appropriate methods for the detection of EGFR mutations.

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Loss of PTEN Expression is an Independent Poor Prognostic Factor in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.: Seol Bong Yoo, Xianhua Xu, Hyun Ju Lee, Sanghoon Jheon, Choon Taek Lee, Gheeyoung Choe, Jin Haeng Chung; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(4):329-335.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.4.329

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Alterations in the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) are correlated with tumor progression. Downregulation of PTEN is related to drug resistance of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of PTEN in patients with NSCLC and its correlation with EGFR.
METHODS
Two hundred eighty eight surgically resected NSCLC samples, including 168 adenocarcinomas (ADCs), 99 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and 21 other NSCLCs were analyzed for the PTEN. The results were correlated with other clinicopathological variables including EGFR amplification and mutation.
RESULTS
Loss of PTEN was detected in 42.4% of NSCLCs, specifically 28.6% of ADCs, 66.7% of SCCs, and 38.1% of others. Loss of PTEN was significantly associated with SCC, smoking, male gender, and higher stage. In a multivariate analysis, loss of PTEN was significantly associated with short progression-free survival (p=0.037). No association between PTEN and EGFR was observed.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that loss of PTEN results in shorter progression-free survival in patients with NSCLC, and loss of PTEN is more associated with SCC, smoking, male gender, and higher T stage by the 7th tumor, node and metastasis staging system but not EGFR status.

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Hyun-Soo Kim, Gou Young Kim, Sung-Jig Lim, Youn Wha Kim
Pathobiology.2012; 79(2): 84. CrossRef

CD44 and MMP14 Expression Associated with WHO Grade of the Astrocytoma and the Prognostic Implications.: Jaekyung Myung, Bogun Jang, Heae Surng Park, Woongjae Yon, Hyun Ju Lee, Sung Hye Park; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(1):35-41.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.1.35

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
CD44 is a cell surface receptor that has been implicated in tumor cell invasion and metastasis in a range of tumors of various organs, including breast, ovary, colon, lung, and brain. CD44 stimulates the invasive ability by interacting with matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14). The expression of MMP14 on the cell surface is thought to trigger multiple proteinase cascades and to stimulate cell migration.
METHODS
A total 54 astrocytoma patients were eligible for this study. We performed a retrospective clinicopathological review and CD44 and MMP14 immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS
The expressions of CD44 and MMP14 were significantly correlated with the World Health Organization (WHO) grade. On univariate analysis, the WHO grade and the expression of CD44 were the significant prognostic factors affecting overall survival (OS) and disease progression free survival (DPFS). On the multivariate analysis by the Cox regression model, the only WHO grade was shown to be a significant independent prognostic factor for predicting the DPFS and OS.
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, the CD44 and MMP14 expressions were related to the WHO grade of astrocytoma. The CD44 expression status was a prognostic factor for DPFS and OS on univariate analysis, but it was not an independent prognostic factor on the multivariate analysis.

Differential Expression of Glut1 in Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumors: Correlation with Histological Grade.: Hyun Ju Lee, Seol Bong Yoo, Won Woo Lee, Doo Hyun Chung, Jeong Wook Seo, Jin Haeng Chung; Korean J Pathol. 2009;43(3):201-205.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2009.43.3.201

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Increased glucose uptake, a process that is mediated by glucose transporter (Glut1) proteins, is an important metabolic feature in a variety of cancer cells. The overexpression of Glut1 in human cancers is known to be related to a variety of histopathological parameters, including histological grade, proliferation rate, and lymphatic invasion. The principal objective of this study was to evaluate Glut1 expression in the spectrum of pulmonary neuroendocrine (NE) tumors including typical carcinoid tumor (TC), atypical carcinoid tumor (AC), large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), and small cell carcinoma (SCC), and to characterize the relationship between Glut1 expression and the histologic grade of NE tumors.
METHODS
19 TC, 7 AC, 13 LCNEC, and 6 SCC patients were included in this study. The percentages of Glut1-positive tumor cells in these patients were determined. For statistical analysis, Glut1 expression was subdivided into a Glut1-low expression group (0-30%) and a Glut1-high expression group (31-90%).
RESULTS
In our subgroup analyses, the histological grade of pulmonary neuroendocrine (NE) tumors was significantly correlated with Glut1 expression; TC (n=19, 3.6+/-4.2%), AC (n=7, 20.0+/-4.9%), LCNEC (n=13, 60.0+/-21.1%), and SCC (n=6, 74.2+/-16.9%). Glut1-high expression was significantly associated with high-grade NE tumors such as LCNEC and SCC (n=19, 62.6+/-21.0%) (p=0.000).
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study appear to indicate that Glut1 overexpression is a consistent feature of high-grade NE lung tumors.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

GLUT1: A novel tool reflecting proliferative activity of lung neuroendocrine tumors?
Nazim Benzerdjeb, Pascal Berna, Henri Sevestre
Pathology International.2017; 67(1): 32. CrossRef
Oncocytic carcinoid tumor of the lung with intense F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET/CT)
Yuki Tanabe, Yoshifumi Sugawara, Rieko Nishimura, Kohei Hosokawa, Makoto Kajihara, Teruhiko Shimizu, Tadaaki Takahashi, Shinya Sakai, Shigeki Sawada, Motohiro Yamashita, Haruhiko Ohtani
Annals of Nuclear Medicine.2013; 27(8): 781. CrossRef

Case Report

Mineralizing Pulmonary Elastosis Associated with a Giant Cell Carcinoma.: Min Kyung Kim, Kwang Il Kim, Min Joo Kim, Young Woo Suh, Il Hun Seo, Hyun Ju Lee, Han Gyeom Kim; Korean J Pathol. 1998;32(9):691-693.

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Abstract: Mineralizing pulmonary elastosis is a result of chronic alveolar hemorrhage forming iron encrustation of a pulmonary elastic tissue. It has been reported as a complication of some diseases such as bronchiectasis, idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis, and cardiac failure. It is extremely rare to occur with a giant cell carcinoma as we experienced. A 59 year-old man visited our hospital for cough and blood tinged sputum. A chest CT scan revealed 10 9 6 cm sized round mass in the left upper lobe. He had lobectomy of left upper lobe, but died of respiratory failure at the postoperative eighteenth day. The lung showed a necrotic tumor and a yellow tan consolidation around the mass. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of nests or syncytia of large bizarre cells and tumor giant cells, and was diagnosed as a giant cell carcinoma. Interestingly, in the surrounding lung parenchyma there were a lot of foreign body type giant cells phagocytizing iron encrustated elastic fibers, which were easily identified by elastic van Gieson and prussian blue stains. Those degenerated elastic fibers appeared in pulmonary interstitial tissue as well as blood vessel walls. The authors concluded tumoral hemorrhage and necrosis resulted in mineralizing pulmonary elastosis.

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