Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Original Articles

Chronic Placental Inflammation as a Risk Factor of Severe Retinopathy of Prematurity: Chae Young Kim, Euiseok Jung, Eun Na Kim, Chong Jai Kim, Joo Yong Lee, Ji Hye Hwang, Woo Sun Song, Byong Sop Lee, Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, Ki-Soo Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2018;52(5):290-297. Published online July 16, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.07.09

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Background
Chronic placental inflammation (CPI) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases in premature infants, whereas retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a major complication primarily affecting preterm and very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants. This study aims to investigate the association between CPI and ROP in VLBW infants.
Methods
We performed a retrospective review of clinical records of VLBW infants born between 2013 and 2016. Placental pathology findings including CPI cases were analyzed using logistic regression to study infants’ morbidities and other clinical characteristics.
Results
A total of 402 infants with a mean (standard deviation) gestational age of 28.5 (2.8) weeks and birth weight of 1,027.2 (304.4) g were included. The incidence of ROP was 24.1%. CPI was found in 90 infants (22.4%), among which 28.9% (26 of 90) developed ROP, and 21.1% (19 of 90) underwent laser photocoagulation. Lower gestational age, lower birth weight, longer duration of oxygen supply, and presence of CPI were associated with the development of ROP. After adjustment for gestational age, birth weight, sex, duration of oxygen supply, and other overlapping placental pathology, CPI was associated with the odds for type 1 ROP that required laser photocoagulation (adjusted odds ratio, 2.739; 95% confidence interval, 1.112 to 6.749; p = .029).
Conclusions
CPI was associated with severe ROP requiring treatment with laser photocoagulation in VLBW infants.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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Salma El Emrani, Esther J.S. Jansen, Jelle J. Goeman, Jacqueline U.M. Termote, Enrico Lopriore, Nicoline E. Schalij-Delfos, Lotte E. van der Meeren
Early Human Development.2025; 204: 106239. CrossRef
Histological Chorioamnionitis and Funisitis as New Risk Factors for Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Meta-analysis
Salma El Emrani, Esther J.S. Jansen, Jelle J. Goeman, Enrico Lopriore, Jacqueline U.M. Termote, Nicoline E. Schalij-Delfos, Lotte E. van der Meeren
American Journal of Perinatology.2024; 41(S 01): e3264. CrossRef
Retinopathy of prematurity and placental histopathology findings: A retrospective cohort study
Sam Ebenezer Athikarisamy, Geoffrey C. Lam, Matthew N. Cooper, Tobias Strunk
Frontiers in Pediatrics.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Identification of clinical factors associated with timing and duration of spontaneous regression of retinopathy of prematurity not requiring treatment
Jamee Schoephoerster, Sydney Roston, Scott Lunos, Sara E. Ramel, Jill Anderson, Michael K. Georgieff, Ellen C. Ingolfsland
Journal of Perinatology.2023; 43(6): 702. CrossRef
Ocular Vascular Diseases: From Retinal Immune Privilege to Inflammation
Xudong Wang, Tianxi Wang, Enton Lam, David Alvarez, Ye Sun
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(15): 12090. CrossRef
The potential of marine resources for retinal diseases: a systematic review of the molecular mechanisms
Kristin Krueger, Elke Boehme, Alexa Karina Klettner, Marietta Zille
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eNOS Gene Polymorphisms in Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.: Min Cho, Kwang Sun Hyun, David Chanwook Chung, In Young Choi, Myeung Ju Kim, Young Pyo Chang; Korean J Pathol. 2009;43(4):306-311.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2009.43.4.306; Retraction in: J Pathol Transl Med 2019;53(5):345

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Infantile Myofibromatosis(Congenital Generalized Fibromatosis): Associated with multiple congenital malformations and basaloid follicular hamartomas in the skin.: Eun Sook Nam, Yoo Hun Kim, Han Kyeom Kim, Insun Kim, Je Geun Chi; Korean J Pathol. 1995;29(6):776-782.

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Abstract PDF: Infantile myofibromatosis with systemic involvement is a very rare disease and is characterized by numerous nodules composed of spindle cells of a myofibroblastic nature. There are often disseminated throughout the subcutis, muscle, skeleton and viscera. We report an autopsy case of infantile myofibromatosis in a stillborn female fetus of 32 weeks of gestation. The nodules, Imm to 2 cm, were found over the whole body and viscera. The involved viscera were the heart, tongue, esophagus, gastrointestinal tract, portal areas of the liver, spleen anc pancreas. There were also associated malformations, viz., frontal meningoencephalocele, flexion defer-mities, syndactyly, cleft palate, agenesis of corpus callosum, pachygyria, diaphragmatic hemia, renal hypoplasia, etc. Multiple basaloid follicular hamartomas of the skin were noted on the face and extremeties. There are no previous reports in the literature of infantile myofibromatosis in conjunction with the above skin lesion and congenital malformations.

Case Reports

Intrapulmonary Cystic Lymphangioma.: Mi Yeong Jeon, Je Geun Chi; Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(5):492-494.

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Abstract PDF: Solitary intrapulmonary cystic lymphangioma in newborn or infant is an extremely rare disease. We describe a case of solitary intrapulmonary cystic lymphangioma in a 4-month-old boy with dyspnea and tachypnea. It was in the left lower lobe and type 1 congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation was suspected radiologically. The resected cyst was unilocular with a thin wall, and was 9.5cm in size. Histologically, the cyst was lined by flattened endothelial cells supported by a minimal fibrous stroma.

Infantile Hemangioendothelioma of the Liver: Brief case report.: Hyang Jeong Jo, Ki Jung Yun, Jae Kyu Lee, Ji Shin Lee, Hyung Bae Moon; Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(6):586-588.

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Abstract PDF: Infantile hemangioendothelioma of the liver is a common vascular tumor in infancy. The tumor is usually multinodular or diffuse and classified into two types. We present a case of infantile hemangioendothelioma of the liver, which predominantly consists of type 2. A 4-month-old female was admitted for an evaulation of an abdominal distension. A CT scan of the liver showed a multinodular mass. The right lobectomy was done. Grossly, the mass consisted of round nodules ranging from 2cm to 5cm in diameter. Microscopically, the tumor revealed proliferation of small vascular channels lined by endothelial cells. Bizarre cells and mitotic cells were frequently noted. Vesicular nuclei and multilayering of the endothelial cells were also noted.

Original Articles

Correlation between Renal Growth Retardation and Apoptosis of Cortical Tubules in Experimentally Induced Acute Ascending Pyelonephritis in Infant Rat.: Sun Hee Sung, Soyoun Woo, Seung Joo Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2000;34(12):1001-1008.

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Abstract PDF: The infant kidney is more vulnerable to infections than the adult kidney. It is common that acute pyelonephritis (APN) during infancy and early childhood manifests growth retardation of kidney, ultimately leading to chronic renal failure. However, little is known about the pathogenesis of renal growth retardation in APN in youth. To understand the mechanism underlying the cortical lesions, urinary tract infection was induced in infant rats. To induce ascending APN, saline solution containing Escherichia coli (ATCC No. 25922) 107 bacteria/ml was infused into the bladder through the 16 gage silicone cannula in three-week-old weaning Sprague Dawley rats (weight 50~60 g, n=66). In the normal control group (n=20), saline was infused. Experimental groups were divided according to the treatment into the APN group (APN without any treatment, n=23) and TRX group (APN with ceftriaxone treatment, n=23). After performing the histopathologic examination, including inflammatory score, fibrosis score, and tubular atrophy score, we measured the apoptosis index in the tubular cells of noninflammatory cortical area at post-infection week 1 and 3 by the in situ TUNEL method. Kidney weight was significantly decreased in the APN group compared with the normal group at postinfection week 1 and 3. In the APN group, tubulointerstitial inflammation with heavy neutrophilic infiltration was found mainly in the upper and lower poles of the kidney in both the first and third week groups. Fibrosis was dominant in the third week of the APN group. However, inflammation and fibrosis were not significantly improved by TRX treatment. The apoptotic index of tubular cells was significantly increased in noninflammatory cortical area in the first week of both APN and TRX groups. It decreased near the normal control value in the third week. TGF-beta1 protein expression was localized in the inflammatory area. There was no TGF-beta1 expression in the tubules of the noninflammatory area. These findings suggest that renal growth retardation in experimentally induced APN in infant rats is related not only with the inflammatory reaction itself but also with the increased apoptosis of tubular cells in noninflammatory area. Ceftriaxone alone does not eliminate the inflammation nor prevent growth retardation effectively.

Significance of CD99 Immunoreactive Cells in relation to Gastrin-producing Cells in Human Gastric Mucosa.: Eun Young Kim, Jong Im Lee, Jung Ran Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2003;37(4):263-269.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
CD99 is characteristically expressed in Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroendocrine tumors and its immunoreactivity has also been reported in gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. However, the normal distribution of CD99 reactive cells in gastrointestinal mucosa and their function are not fully understood.
METHODS
We performed an immunohistochemical study using antibodies to CD99 and gastrin on formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissue of the stomach.
RESULTS
CD99 were strongly expressed in the gastric glands of neonate (3/3) and infant (1/1) cases but not detected in the fetal period (0/30). In adults, CD99 was observed in 36.8% (7/19). The number of CD99 positive cells were fewer in adult (3.48+/-6.43) than in neonate (5.66+/-0.58) and infant (11.33+/-2.21). CD99 was mostly located along the cytoplasmic membrane of glandular cells but cytoplasmic expression was also evident in neonate and infant cases. The G cells and CD99 expressed cells were reduced in the area showing intestinal metaplasia and atrophic change. As a result of the double stain, some of the G cells coexpress CD99 antigen, which were more in neonate (29%) than in adult (2.6%).
CONCLUSIONS
The CD99 positive cells were found in the gastric pyloric antrum during the postnatal period and progressively reduced with age. This suggests the participation of CD99 protein in the differentiation and secretory process of neuroendocrine cells.

Infantile Hemangioendothelioma of the Liver: A histological and immunohistochemicalstudy of 4 cases.: Mee Yon Cho, Sun Hee Sung, Soon Hee Jung, Chanil Park; Korean J Pathol. 1995;29(2):145-151.

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Abstract PDF: A pathological study was performed on four cases of infantile hemangioendothelioma of the liver. All the patients were between the age of 1 -5 months and the tumors were typical hemangio-endotheliomas, type 1. The tumors were composed basically of two components; the endothelial cell proliferation and the myxoid matrix. The endothelial cells were cytologically innocuous and formed vascular channels of varying sizes and shapes from capillary to sinusoidal and cavernous vessels. Fibrosis of the matrix, albeit not a major component of the tumor, was found particularly near the center. Immunohistochemically, CD31 was expressed strongly in almost all endothelial cells, in contrast to the stain for von Willebrand factor which was only focally and weakly positive. Alpha-fetoprotein was expressed in hepatocytes within the tumor or in hepatocytes around the tumor. Intratumoral bile duct structures were located mainly at peripheral portion. The results indicated that the type I infantile hemangioendothelioma is a tumor of endothelial cells and myxoid stroma, and that the endothelial cells undergo gradual maturation to form sinusoidal and cavernous vessels in accordance with gradual fibrosis of the myxoid stroma.

Case Reports

Infantile Fibrosarcoma: A case report.: Chan Pil Park, Geun Shin Lyu, Chan Kum Park, Jung Dal Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1994;28(3):313-315.

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Abstract: Fibrosarcoma in newborns and infants, designated as congenital, infantile, or juvenile fibrosarcoma is an uncommon soft tissue neoplasm occurring most frequently during the first year of life. Infantile fibrosarcoma is associated with favorable clinical behavior that is markedly different from that of adult fibrosarcoma., We report a case of infantile fibrosarcoma occured in a 3-year-old boy presenting as a palpable mass in the left lower extremity since 3 months of life. Histologic findings of the tumor are similar to those of f ibrosarcomas in adult.

Hurthle Cell Tumor of the Thyroid Gland in an Infant: A case report.: Kyoung Ho Kim, Mi Kyung Lee, Dong Hwan Shin, Tae Seung Kim, Eui Ho Hwang; Korean J Pathol. 1989;23(4):476-481.

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Abstract PDF: Hurthle cell tumors are an infrequent neoplasm of the thyroid gland in adults. Hurthle cell tumors represent 4. 5% to 10% of all primary thyroid epithelial neoplasms in the foreign literature. It has been known as Hurthle cell tumor since Ewing was the first to use this term in 1928. Tumor occurring in an infant was described by Symmers(1941) and Morrow(1945). The authors experienced a case of congenital Hurthle cell tumor of the thyroid gland in a 2 months old boy. He was admitted to the pediatric surgical department because of a growing mass in the neck since birth. Ultrasonogram showed a huge lobulated homogenous solid mass with medium level echogenicity in the region of the thyroid gland. Subtotal thyroidectomy of right lobe and total thyroidectomy of left lobe were done. The specimen measures 2x3x1.5 cm and 7x3x3 cm, respectively. It was an encapsulated, yellow gray firm and solid mass. The cut surface was smooth, glistening and homogenous. Microscopicully, the tumor was composed of tightly packed regular follicles lined by polyhedral, cuboidal, large cells with a granular acidophilic cytoplasms. The nuclei are vesicular, usually only a little bit larger than those of normal thyroid cells.

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