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Original Articles
- Absence of TaqI Polymorphism in Exons of Complement Component C9 Gene in Koreans.
- Seoyoung Han, Sang Ho Kim
- Korean J Pathol. 2001;35(3):185-188.
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Abstract
PDF - BACKGROUND
Molecular and genetic studies of the complement component C9 have never been reported in Korea.
METHODS
We have checked the TaqI polymorphism of the C9 gene in 52 randomly selected adult Koreans. Southern blot analysis was carried out to detect the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the C9 gene. The fragments of human C9 cDNA were hybridized with the TaqI digested genomic DNA.
RESULTS
The functional levels of complements in all subjects were measured at 84.4+/-3.8% by hemolytic assay, which indicates that the subjects have functionally normal complement systems. Fifty-four percent of the individuals were found to have the C9 genes that contain the constant fragments only. It seems that the undetected TaqI site may be located in the intron of the C9 gene. The silent mutation of C->T transversion was found in exon 1 of the C9 gene through polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism, but no mutation was found in exon 4 of the C9 gene.
CONCLUSIONS
We could not find TaqI polymorphism in exons of the C9 gene in 52 Koreans.
- A Study of Umbilical Cord Length According to the Gestational Age.
- Eun Kyung Kim, Je Geun Chi
- Korean J Pathol. 1994;28(5):511-513.
- 3,498 View
- 257 Download
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Abstract
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- The umbilical cord length may be a reliable indicator of fetal activity during gestation because it grows in response to tensile forces related to fetal movement. But there has been little attention to normal range of the umbilical cord length. We analyzed the umbilical cord length of 2342 cases de1ivered in Seoul National University Hospital to determine mean values according to the gestational age. The umbilical cord length increased linearly from 15.5cm of 13 week to 50.6 cm of 44 week. After 42 week, the growth was nearly stopped. There was no difference by fetal sex. The length of umbilical cord was variable even within same gestational age.
- Morphological Observation on the Prenatal Development of the Human Gastrointestinal Tract.
- Yeon Lim Suh, Je G Chi
- Korean J Pathol. 1990;24(2):103-119.
- 1,655 View
- 20 Download
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Abstract
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- A total of 322 fetuses and 29 embryos were examined light microscopically to evaluate the morphological development of the human gastrointestinal tract with increasing gestational age. The human embryos were analysed by reconstruction of serial section slides. One hundred and forty fetuses ranging from 15 to 41 weeks of gestation were used for correlating the gestational age and the body weight with the measurement of the small and large intestines. 1) The esophagus develps from the distal part of the foregut through a partition of the tracheoesophageal septum. Initially the esophagus is short, but it elongates rapidly and reaches its final relative length and position by the seventh week. The epithelium of the esophagus proliferates and completely obliterates the lumen by the seventh week, but recanalization occurs by the ninth week. The esophageal epithelia consist of three different groups of cells; stratified squamoid cells, ciliated columnar cells and tall columnar cells by the 21th week. 2) The stomach appears as a fusiform enlargement of the caudal part of the esophagus at the fourth week. During next two weeks the stomach acquires its adult shape and final position. The primordial gastric pits and the parietal cells appear at the eighth and eleventh weeks, respectively. 3) As the midgut elongates, it forms a ventral U-shaped loop, called primitive intestinal loop by the fifth week. At this stage the cecum appears as a swelling from the caudal limb of the intestinal loop. By the seventh week the bulks of the caudal limb of the intestine herniate into the umbilical cord, in which the loop rotates 90 degrees counterclockwise around the axis of the superior mesenteric artery. During the tenth week, the intestine returns to the abdomen and undergoes a further 180 degrees counterclockwise rotatation. 4) The cloaca is divided into two parts by a urorectal septum at the fifth week. By the seventh week the urorectal septum has fused with the cloacal membrane, dividing it into a dorsal anal membrane and ventral urogenital membrane. The anal membrane ruptures at the eighth week. 5) During the sixth week the duodenal lumen becomes completely filled with proliferating epithelium. The villi project from the mucosa of the small and large intestines at the eighth and eleventh weeks, respectively. The villi of large intestine become resorbed again after the 21th week. At the fifth week Paneth cells appear through the entire length of the intestine including the rectum, but disappear in the colon and the rectum after the 36th week. 6) The developing Auerbach's plexuses are well recognized along the outside of muscle coat throughout the gastrointestinal tract, but demonstrate no immunoreactivity for the anti-neuron specific enolase antibody. The neuroblasts in the myenteric plexus reveal strong positivity for the anti-neuron specific enolase antibody at the eleventh week, but the ganglion cells differentiate by the fourteenth week. 7) Differentiation of the gastrointestinal wall and development of the myenteric plexus begin form the esophagus and progress caudally down to the colon. But the anorectal wall is differentiated from the cloaca more earlier than the esophagus, stomach and colon are. 8) The small and the large intestines elongate progressively with the increasing gestational age and body weight and increase approximately 5.6 and 5.4 folds, respectively during the 25 weeks from the 15th to 41th week of gestation. At the 40th gestational week the small intestine is 5.68 times the length of the colon. 9) The correlation between the body weight (BW), crown-rump length (CR) and intestianl length (small intestine (SI), large itestine (LI) is presented as: SI (cm)= -33.67 + 4.14CR + 11.62 (BW)(1/3), LI (cm)= 5.56 + 0.76CR + 0.007BW (gm), CR (cm)= 7.82 + 0.015 SI + 0.41 (BW)(1/2).
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