Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Endothelial Cyst of the Adrenal Gland: Report of a case.: Sung Chul Lim, Mi Sook Lee, Yun Sin Kim, Keun Hong Kee, Yu Kyung Jeong, Mi Ja Lee, Soon Bong Chung; Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(8):742-745.

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Abstract PDF: Adrenal cysts are rare lesion that usually present themselves as an incidental finding during surgery, or at the time of autopsy. The cysts are usually small, seldom exceeding 10cm in diameter, and are generally asymptomatic. However, they present a difficult problem in differentiation between benign and malignant lesions of the adrenal gland. In the differential diagnosis, other cystic lesions of the upper abdomen must also be considered, including hepatic, splenic, renal and pancreatic cysts. Herein we report a case of endothelial cyst of lymphangiomatous type of the adrenal gland which was detected in a 44-year-old male patient during a routine health examination by ultrasonography as a pancreatic pseudocyst. Gross examination revealed multiple separate but continuous cysts, measuring 10.6x8x7cm in dimension. Within the wall, compressed adrenal cortex was noted. Microscopically, fibrous wall containing hypertrophied smooth muscle lined by endothelial cells was also noted. We reviewed literatures of the adrenal cyst and report a case.

Intrapulmonary Cystic Lymphangioma.: Mi Yeong Jeon, Je Geun Chi; Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(5):492-494.

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Abstract PDF: Solitary intrapulmonary cystic lymphangioma in newborn or infant is an extremely rare disease. We describe a case of solitary intrapulmonary cystic lymphangioma in a 4-month-old boy with dyspnea and tachypnea. It was in the left lower lobe and type 1 congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation was suspected radiologically. The resected cyst was unilocular with a thin wall, and was 9.5cm in size. Histologically, the cyst was lined by flattened endothelial cells supported by a minimal fibrous stroma.

Intrathoracic Lymphangiomatosis: An autopsy case report.: Eunmee Han, Kyu Rae Kim, In Chul Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2000;34(2):154-159.

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Abstract PDF: We report a rare case of intrathoracic lymphangiomatosis associated with chylothorax in a 3-year-old boy. The patient had been healthy until he had chickenpox followed by continued dyspnea. The biopsy specimen showed proliferating lymphatic channels & spindle cells in the lung tissue. The boy died of respiratory failure despite conservative treatment and surgical treatment with pleurodesis. An autopsy was performed. Pleura and pericardium showed severe adhesion to the right lung parenchyma. The cut surface of lung showed thickened interlobular septum with honeycomb-appearance. Histologically, extensive intercommunicating and anastomosing endothelial-lined lymphatic channels were noted along the visceral and parietal pleura, pericardium, around the great vessels, and in the anterior mediastinum over the thymus. These lymphatic channels infiltrated into the pulmonary parenchyme along the bronchovascular bundles. There were scattered areas of spindle cell proliferation with extravasation of RBCs mimicking Kaposi's sarcoma. Histologic diagnosis and differential diagnosis on biopsy materials can be difficult to establish but awareness of the intrathoracic lymphangiomatosis and its various clinical presentation may be helpful for diagnosis.

Splenic Lymphangioma: A Report of Three Cases.: Mi Jung Kim, Kyung Ja Cho, Eun Mi Han, Young Joo Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2002;36(6):416-419.

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Abstract PDF: Splenic lymphangioma is a very rare and benign neoplasm. We report three cases of splenic lymphangiomas found in three women aged 71-years-old, 50-years-old, and 46-years-old. All of the three cases consisted of solitary lesions in the spleen and they were not represented as a part of lymphangiomatosis. Splenectomies were done in all cases and enlarged spleens revealed multicystic masses with variable-sized cysts. Histologically, the cysts were lined by flat endothelial cells and filled with acellular pinkish fluid. The cyst walls mainly consisted of hypocellular fibrous tissue with occasional smooth muscle components. The walls were shared by neighboring cysts, or intervened by interspersed splenic parenchymal components. On immunohistochemical stainings, the lining cells were diffusely positive for CD31 and factor VIII-related antigen (FVIII-RAg), while focally positive for CD34 in all cases.

Cystic Lymphangioma of the Breast in an Adult Woman.: Kyueng Whan Min, Si Hyong Jang, Woong Na, Se Min Jang, Young Jin Jun, Ki Seok Jang, Seung Sam Paik; Korean J Pathol. 2008;42(4):244-246.

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Abstract PDF: Cystic lymphangioma is also known as cystic hygroma, and this is a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system. Most lymphangiomas are present at birth and they are diagnosed by the age of 2. They are mostly located in the neck or axillary region. The breast as a site of origin is an extremely unusual location, and especially in adults. We report here on a case of cystic lymphangioma in a 36-year-old woman. Physical examination revealed a tender cystic mass in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast. Ultrasonography revealed an irregular hypoechoic mass lesion that was associated with irregular duct dilatation and several enlarged axillary lymph nodes. After the operation, the mass was revealed to be a cystic lymphangioma. Although it is very rare, cystic lymphangioma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a breast mass in adults.

Solitary Pulmonary Lymphangioma in an Adult: A Brief Case Report.: Hye Jong Song, Joungho Han, Kwhanmien Kim, Kyung Soo Lee, Jinwon Seo; Korean J Pathol. 2008;42(2):125-127.

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Abstract PDF: Solitary pulmonary lymphangiomas are extremely rare. We report here on an unique case of solitary pulmonary lymphangioma in an adult. A well-circumscribed, 6 cm-sized, pleural based lesion with fluid attenuation was found in a 50-year-old Korean male. He had no previous history of disease or trauma. The wedge-resected lung revealed an ill-demarcated lesion with multiple microscopic cysts and the cystic walls had loose intervening stroma.

Tonsillar Lymphangiomatous Polyp: Report of Two Cases.: Han Suk Ryu, Soo Young Jung, Jae Soo Koh, Seung Sook Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2006;40(5):381-384.

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Abstract PDF: Tonsillar lymphangiomatous polyp is an uncommon hamartomatous lesion that generally arises from the tonsillar surface, and it has rarely been reported in the medical literature. Because of the uncommon clinical and pathological features of these polyps, pathologists and clinicians may experience difficulty in correctly classifying them. We report herein two cases of lymphangiomatous polyp of the tonsil in a 49 year-old man and a 30 year-old man who both presented with a tonsillar mass of the palatine tonsil. Microscopically, there were protruding polypoid lesions that had a core of fibroadipose tissue with dilated multiple lymphatics and aggregated lymphoid tissue. Both patients have been stable since resection.

Splenic Lymphangioma: A case report.: Young Chae Chu, Ho Suk Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1994;28(5):533-535.

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Abstract PDF: Lymphangioma of the spleen is a rare neoplasm and approximately 100 cases have been reported in the world literature. This lesion may involve the spleen alone or may be a part of a syndrome of multivisceral involvement. The pathogenesis is unclear whether this is a true neoplasm of a developmental defect. We report a case of a 87-year-old woman with solitary splenic lymphangioma. The cut surface mass is not encapsulated and located at the subcapsular area in the mid portion of spleen. It is composed of variable sized cystic spaces containing myxoid tissue. Microscopic finding reveals dilated lymphatic spaces lined by endothelial cells and the content is proteinaceous eosinophilic fluid.

Lymphatic Cyst of the Adrenal : Report A Case.: Soong Deok Lee, Yong Il Kim; Korean J Pathol. 1991;25(5):491-494.

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Abstract: A case of lymphatic cyst of the adrenal gland in a 55-year-old woman is described. The patient presented with vague abdominal pain, and abdominal CT and ultrasonography suggested a pancreatic cyst. The cyst, 10x8x6 cm in size, was found in the left adrenal gland; it was multilocular and septated with thin walls that were lined by a single layer of attenuated cells. The lining cells gave a weak positive immunoreactivity against factor VIII-related antigen and Ulex eurapaeus, and ultrastructural study revealed the lining cells to be of endothelial origin. Together with small tiny proliferative cystic spaces were intermixture of the normal adrenal cortical cells in the transition zone between large cysts and adrenal cortex. No histologic distinction between cystic lymphangioma and lymphangiectatic cyst was obtained; instead, a term of lymphatic cyst seems preferred unless otherwise confirmed. With its classification, the pathogenesis of adrenal lymphatic cysts is reviewed.

Mesenteric Cystic Lymphangioma with Sustained Abdominal Pain : Report of a case.: Gyeong Hoon Kang, Yong Il Kim, Woo Ho Kim, In Sung Song, Kyoo Wan Choi; Korean J Pathol. 1991;25(5):488-490.

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Abstract: A case of cystic lymphangioma of the mesentery with severe and persistent abdominal pain in a 22-year-old man is presented. The cyst was filled with chylous fluid. Microscopically, numerous nerve bundles were incorporated within the lymphangiomatous walls, and some protruded into the lumen. The above findings lead to a suggestion that mesenteric lymphangioma may differ from those in the other sites by its abundance of incorporation of nerve bundles into the lymphangiomatous walls, and that increase of tumor size by intracystic accumulation of chylous fluid may subsequently result in increase of intraluminal pressure to compress the nerve bundles with which abdominal pain is much enhanced.

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