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Case Reports
- Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Medullary Carcinoma of the Breast: A Case Report.
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Yi Kyeong Chun, Ill Hyang Ko
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Korean J Cytopathol. 1994;5(1):57-60.
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Abstract
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- Medullary carcinoma(MC) of the breast is an uncommon histologic form of infiltrating ductal carcinoma and the cytologic features of MC are not well delineated.
- Cytologic Features of Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid Occurring in a Child: A Case Report.
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Jeong Seok Moon, Hye Sun Kim, Seong Jin Cho, Yang Seok Chae, Bom Woo Yeom
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Korean J Cytopathol. 1996;7(2):213-217.
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Abstract
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- Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland is a malignant neuroendocrine tumor arising from calcitonin producing-parafollicular cells. The tumor is clinically divided into sporadic and familial form, constituting about 80% and 20%, respectively. Recently, we experienced a case of unilateral and solitary sporadic medullary carcinoma of the left thyroid gland. The patient was a 9 year-old female, who presented with a palpable mass on the anterior lateral neck of 8 months duration without any familial and personal history of neuroendocrine disease. The cytopathologic findings showed spindle cells and plasmacytoid cells in the background of colloid-like materal. The nuclei were eccentrically located, mildly hyperchromatic and pleomorphic, showing speckled chromatin pattern without nuclear inclusion or prominent nucleoli. The cytoplasm was abundant and had a pale granular cyanophilic appearance. No amyloid materal could be identified.
Original Article
- DNA Copy Number Changes in Thyroid Medullary Carcinomas Determined by Comparative Genomic Hybridization.
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Hyun Jung Kim, Kowan Ja Jee, Young Khee Shong, Suck Joon Hong, Gyungyub Gong
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Korean J Pathol. 2008;42(1):27-32.
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Abstract
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- BACKGROUND
A point mutation in the RET proto-oncogene, in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is well known, but no other genetic causes of MTC have been found. This study was performed to identify the most common DNA copy number changes in MTC by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH).
METHODS
Twenty-nine surgically resected MTC specimens were retrospectively selected from patients operated on between 1996 and 2004 at the Asan Medical Center. A review of the clinical data and pathological findings was performed.
Congored staining and immunohistochemical stains (calcitonin, chromogranin A and CEA) were processed by tissue microarray. CGH analysis was performed.
RESULTS
The Congo-red stain was positive in only 12 cases.
The immunohistochemical results were positive in 29 cases for chromogranin A, 26 cases for CEA and 25 cases for calcitonin. DNA copy number changes were found in 23 cases (79.3%). The most frequent change was a gain of 19q (65.5%); less frequent changes were gain of 22 (55.2%), 19p (51.7%), 16p (27.58%), 17q (17.24%), and loss of 4q (27.6%) and 3p (17.24%).
CONCLUSIONS
DNA copy number changes of MTC were more common (79.3%) than reported in previous studies. The most frequent changes were gains in 19q, 22 and 19p.
Case Reports
- Metastatic Medullary Carcinoma of Thyroid to Breast; A Case Initially Diagnosed as Primary Invasive Lobular Carcinoma: A Case Report.
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Youngseok Lee, Jungsuk An, Chul Hwan Kim, Bom Woo Yeom, Jong Sang Choi, Yang Seok Chae
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Korean J Pathol. 2007;41(6):412-415.
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Abstract
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- Metastasis to the breast from medullary carcinoma of the thyroid is extremely rare. We report a case of metastatic medullary carcinoma of the thyroid which presented as multiple breast masses with ipsilateral axillary lymphadenopathy in a 48-year-old woman. Six years ago, she underwent total thyroidectomy and neck dissection because of palpable neck masses, with a diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Histological features of breast masses showed single- file or linear-cord arrangements, with plasmacytoid appearance, and the initial diagnosis was invasive lobular carcinoma. She underwent modified radical mastectomy. The tumor cells were diffusely positive for E-cadherin, calcitonin and thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) and were metastatic medullary carcinoma of thyroid. In the patients with a history of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, a careful examination is necessary for a breast mass composed of solid and cord-like clusters of small round to ovoid cells with plasmacytoid appearance.
Immunohistochemical staining for E-cadherin, calcitonin and TTF-1 could be helpful for differential diagnosis.
- Concurrence of Spatially Separated Medullary Carcinoma and Papillary Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland: A Report of Three Cases.
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Changyoung Yoo, Chan Kwon Jung, Hyeok Sang Kwon, Sung Hun Kim, Min Sik Kim, Seung Nam Kim, Kyo Young Lee
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Korean J Pathol. 2007;41(3):207-212.
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Abstract
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- Although medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) may coexist with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) as a collision tumor within the same nodule or as two or more spatially separated tumors, these two carcinomas rarely coexist. We encountered three cases of sporadic MTCs spatially separated from PTCs, which occurred concurrently, either within the same thyroid lobe or in different thyroid lobes. In each of the cases the patients underwent total thyroidectomy and neck dissection.
PTC metastases of the lymph node were observed in two of the cases and MTC metastasis of the lymph node was observed in one case. Among the multiple thyroid nodules affected by both MTCs and PTCs, only the dominant nodules had spread to the lymph nodes. Because MTC has a different clinical significance from PTC, in patients with multiple thyroid nodules, appropriate diagnostic approaches, such as fine needle aspiration of all possible nodules and measurement of serum calcitonin level, should be performed.
Original Article
- Medullary Carcinoma of Thyroid Gland with Co-existing Papillary Carcinoma.
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Jeong Hee Ahn, So Yong Jin, Ho Guen Kim, Chan Il Park
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Korean J Pathol. 1988;22(4):443-447.
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Abstract
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- We report a medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland with a coexisting occult sclerosing papillary carcinoma. This rare case, in that the two types of carcinoma are completely separated and not intermixed together, is different from the previously reported mixed follicular and parafollicular cell carcinomas of the thyroid gland, so-called "differentiated thyroid carcinoma, intermediate type". The two separate tumors of the present case are undoubtedly of coincidental double primaries, and it can be a assumed that at least some of the mixed follicular and parafollicular cell carcinomas are results of collision of carcinomas derived from two embryogenetically different cell types.
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