Background: Inevitable loss of diagnostic material should be minimized during cell block preparation. We introduce a modified agarose cell block technique that enables the synthesis of compact cell blocks by using the entirety of a cell pellet without the loss of diagnostic material during cell block preparations. The feasibility of this technique is illustrated by high-throughput immunocytochemistry using high-density cell block microarray (CMA). Methods: The cell pellets of Sure- Path residues were pre-embedded in ultra-low gelling temperature agarose gel and re-embedded in standard agarose gel. They were fixed, processed, and embedded in paraffin using the same method as tissue sample processing. The resulting agarose cell blocks were trimmed and represented on a CMA for high-throughput analysis using immunocytochemical staining. Results: The SurePath residues were effectively and entirely incorporated into compact agarose cell buttons and embedded in paraffin. Sections of the agarose cell blocks revealed cellularities that correlated well with corresponding SurePath smears and had immunocytochemical features that were sufficient for diagnosis of difficult cases. Conclusions: This agarose-based compact cell block technique enables preparation of high-quality cell blocks by using up the residual SurePath samples without loss of diagnostic material during cell block preparation.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Immunocytochemistry on frozen-embedded cell block for the diagnosis of hematolymphoid cytology specimen: a straightforward alternative to the conventional cell block Youjeong Seo, Sanzida Alam Prome, Lucia Kim, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Suk Jin Choi Journal of Hematopathology.2024; 17(1): 1. CrossRef
Comparison of liquid-based cytology and cell blocks prepared from cell remnants for diagnosis of cervical pathology Elif Kuzucular, Ferhat Ozden, Bahar Muezzinoglu Annals of Diagnostic Pathology.2024; 69: 152265. CrossRef
Advances in diagnostic liquid‐based cytology Hideyuki Abe, Akihiko Kawahara, Jun Akiba, Rin Yamaguchi Cytopathology.2024; 35(6): 682. CrossRef
Enhancing diagnostic precision in thyroid nodule assessment: evaluating the efficacy of a novel cell preservation technique in fine-needle aspiration cytology Diana-Raluca Streinu, Octavian Constantin Neagoe, Andreea Borlea, Ion Icma, Mihnea Derban, Dana Stoian Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Cell blocks in cytology: review of preparation methods, advantages, and limitations Vanda F. Torous, Jacqueline M. Cuda, Varsha Manucha, Melissa L. Randolph, Qiuying Shi, Christopher J. VandenBussche Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology.2023; 12(2): 77. CrossRef
Cerebral Organoid Arrays for Batch Phenotypic Analysis in Sections and Three Dimensions Juan Chen, Haihua Ma, Zhiyu Deng, Qingming Luo, Hui Gong, Ben Long, Xiangning Li International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(18): 13903. CrossRef
Diagnosis of pancreatic solid pseudopapillary neoplasms using cell‐blocks and immunohistochemical evaluation of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration biopsy specimens José Celso Ardengh, César Vivian Lopes, Filadélfio Euclides Venco, Marcel Autran Machado Cytopathology.2021; 32(1): 50. CrossRef
Somatostatin receptor 2 expression in nasopharyngeal cancer is induced by Epstein Barr virus infection: impact on prognosis, imaging and therapy Matt Lechner, Volker H. Schartinger, Christopher D. Steele, Wen Long Nei, Marc Lucas Ooft, Liesa-Marie Schreiber, Christodoulos P. Pipinikas, Grace Tin-Yun Chung, Yuk Yu Chan, Feng Wu, Ka-Fai To, Chi Man Tsang, Wayne Pearce, Daniele Morelli, Martin Philpo Nature Communications.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Utility of PD‐L1 immunocytochemistry using body‐fluid cell blocks in patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer Seung Geun Song, Jonghoon Lee, Jaemoon Koh, Sehui Kim, Doo Hyun Chung, Yoon Kyung Jeon Diagnostic Cytopathology.2020; 48(4): 291. CrossRef
Agarose cell block and ancillary molecular tests enhance diagnostic efficacy of liquid-based cytology samples EmanS Abusinna, MervatM El-Deftar, YasmineF El-Esawy Egyptian Journal of Pathology.2020; 40(2): 169. CrossRef
Brain-Derived Neurotrophin and TrkB in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma József Dudás, Anna Riml, Raphaela Tuertscher, Christian Pritz, Teresa Bernadette Steinbichler, Volker Hans Schartinger, Susanne Sprung, Rudolf Glueckert, Anneliese Schrott-Fischer, Lejo Johnson Chacko, Herbert Riechelmann International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2019; 20(2): 272. CrossRef
Pleiotropic Effects of Epithelial Mesenchymal Crosstalk on Head and Neck Cancer: EMT and beyond T. B. Steinbichler, D. Savic, D. Dejaco, A. Romani, B. Kofler, I. I. Skvortsova, H. Riechelmann, J. Dudas Cancer Microenvironment.2019; 12(2-3): 67. CrossRef
Microarray Embedding/Sectioning for Parallel Analysis of 3D Cell Spheroids Jonathan Gabriel, David Brennan, Jennifer H. Elisseeff, Vince Beachley Scientific Reports.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Photodynamic Effect of Methylene Blue and Low Level Laser Radiation in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines Barbara Kofler, Angela Romani, Christian Pritz, Teresa Steinbichler, Volker Schartinger, Herbert Riechelmann, Jozsef Dudas International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2018; 19(4): 1107. CrossRef
Predictors of Response to Autologous Dendritic Cell Therapy in Glioblastoma Multiforme Chia-Ing Jan, Wan-Chen Tsai, Horng-Jyh Harn, Woei-Cherng Shyu, Ming-Chao Liu, Hsin-Man Lu, Shao-Chih Chiu, Der-Yang Cho Frontiers in Immunology.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Nerve Growth Factor (NGF)—Receptor Survival Axis in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma József Dudás, Wolfgang Dietl, Angela Romani, Susanne Reinold, Rudolf Glueckert, Anneliese Schrott-Fischer, Daniel Dejaco, Lejo Johnson Chacko, Raphaela Tuertscher, Volker Hans Schartinger, Herbert Riechelmann International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2018; 19(6): 1771. CrossRef
Cell blocks in cytopathology: An update Aruna Nambirajan, Deepali Jain Cytopathology.2018; 29(6): 505. CrossRef
Cell transfer technique for constructing cytological microarrays for immunocytochemical analysis C.‐H. Wen, C.‐H. Lin, P.‐L. Ko, Y.‐F. Kuo, Y.‐J. Chen, C.‐Y. Chai Cytopathology.2017; 28(2): 157. CrossRef
Cell and Tissue Display Nicholas Theodosakis, Goran Micevic, Marcus W. Bosenberg, Nemanja Rodić Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry.2016; 64(7): 403. CrossRef
Diagnostic Usefulness of Claudin-3 and Claudin-4 for Immunocytochemical Differentiation between Metastatic Adenocarcinoma Cells and Reactive Mesothelial Cells in Effusion Cell Blocks Nah Ihm Kim, Ga-Eon Kim, Ji Shin Lee Acta Cytologica.2016; 60(3): 232. CrossRef
Do We Know What Is in Our Samples? Louise Gilroy, Kathy Walsh, Anca Oniscu Journal of Thoracic Oncology.2015; 10(12): e122. CrossRef
The authors report series of 360 cases of transthoracic fine-needle aspiration cytology(TFNA) from Oct, 1982, through Aug. 1986 at the Seoul National University Hospital.
A diagnosis of neoplastic lesion was established in 50.3% of the cases. A non-neoplastic diagnosis was made in 38.5%, nondiagnostic one in 6.5% and inadequate one in 4.7% of the total.
Statistical findings on cytological diagnoses were as follows.
Specificity was 100% ; sensitivity, 92%; predictive value for positive, 1.0 ; predicitive value for negative, 0.9 : concordance rate, 84.2% ; diagnostic accuracy in non-neoplastic lesion, 65.4%, and typing accuracy in malignant tumor, 0.77.
To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of transthoracic fine needle aspiration cytology(TFNAC) in the preoperative diagnosis of pulmonary nodules, a retrospective analysis was carried out on a consecutive series of 200 TFNACs. They included 186 primary malignant tumors, 66 squamous cell carcinomas, 65 adenocarcinomas, 36 small cell carcinomas, 7 large cell carcinomas, 4 carcinoids, 8 others, 9 metastatic tumors, and 5 benign tumors. On cytohistologic correlation of malignant pulmonary tumors, the procedure had a sensitivity of 97.3% and a specificity of 100%. A 86.6% correct correlation between the cytologic and histologic diagnoses was achieved. Five out of the 7 undifferentiated large cell carcinomas, 10 out of the 65 adenocarcinomas, 2 out of the 36 small cell carcinomas, and 2 out of the 66 squamous cell carcinomas were turned out to be mistyped in cytologic diagnosis. We concluded that TFNAC is a highly sensitive and specific preoperative diagnostic procedure in the investigation of patients with discrete pulmonary nodules in whom the specific cell type of the malignant neoplasm has important implications in treatment modality and prognosis.
Min Suk Kim, In Ae Park, Sun Hoo Park, Sung Shin Park, Hwal Wong Kim, Kyung Chul Moon, Young Ah Kim, Hye Seung Lee, Ki Wha Park, Jeong wook Seo, Hyun Soon Lee, Eui Keun Ham
The authors analysed 2,653 cases of transthoracic fine needle aspiration cytology of the lung to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and its limitation. A comparison was made between the original cytologic and the final histologic diagnoses on 1,149 cases from 1,074 patients. A diagnosis of malignancy was established in 38.3% benign in 48.1%, atypical lesion in 2.3%, and inadequate one in 11.9% of the cases. Statistical data on cytologic diagnoses were as follows; specificity 98.9%: sensitivity of procedure, 76.8%: sensitivity of diagnosis, 95.5%: false positive 5 cases: false negative 18 cases: predictive value for malignancy, 98.8%: predictive value for benign lesion, 79.5%: overall diagnostic efficiency, 87.5%: typing accuracy in malignant tumor, 80%.