Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Original Articles

Fatty acid synthetase expression in triple-negative breast cancer: Jin Hee Park, Hye Seung Han, So Dug Lim, Wook Youn Kim, Kyoung Sik Park, Young Bum Yoo, Seung Eun Lee, Wan-Seop Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2022;56(2):73-80. Published online January 21, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2021.10.27

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Background
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a relatively poor prognosis. Research has identified potential metabolic targets, including fatty acid metabolism, in TNBC. The absence of effective target therapies for TNBC led to exploration of the role of fatty acid synthetase (FASN) as a potential target for TNBC therapy. Here, we analyzed the expression of FASN, a representative lipid metabolism–related protein, and investigated the association between FASN expression and Ki-67 and the programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) biomarkers in TNBC.
Methods
Immunohistochemical expression of FASN was analyzed in 166 patients with TNBC. For analytical purposes, patients with 0–1+ FASN staining were grouped as low-grade FASN and patients with 2–3+ FASN staining as high-grade FASN.
Results
FASN expression was observed in 47.1% of TNBC patients. Low and high expression of FASN was identified in 75.9% and 24.1%, respectively, and no statistically significant difference was found in T category, N category, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, or recurrence rate between the low and high-FASN expression groups. Ki-67 proliferation level was significantly different between the low and high-FASN expression groups. FASN expression was significantly related to Ki-67 as the level increased. There was no significant difference in PD-L1 positivity between the low- and high-FASN expression groups.
Conclusions
We identified FASN expression in 166 TNBC patients. The Ki-67 proliferation index was positively correlated with FASN level, indicating higher proliferation activity as FASN increases. However, there was no statistical association with PD-L1 SP142, the currently FDA-approved assay, or FASN expression level.

Citations

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NFYA promotes malignant behavior of triple-negative breast cancer in mice through the regulation of lipid metabolism
Nobuhiro Okada, Chihiro Ueki, Masahiro Shimazaki, Goki Tsujimoto, Susumu Kohno, Hayato Muranaka, Kiyotsugu Yoshikawa, Chiaki Takahashi
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Role of EGFR and FASN in breast cancer progression
Suchi Chaturvedi, Mainak Biswas, Sushabhan Sadhukhan, Avinash Sonawane
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Bioinformatics Method Was Used to Analyze the Highly Expressed Gene FAM83A of Breast Cancer in Young Women
Yongzhe Tang, Hao Wang, Qi He, Yuanyuan Chen, Jie Wang, Fahd Abd Algalil
Applied Bionics and Biomechanics.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef
NCAPH promotes proliferation as well as motility of breast cancer cells by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway
Ting Zhang, Peng Li, Wanying Guo, Qipeng Liu, Weiqiang Qiao, Miao Deng
Physiology International.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Comparison of Analytical and Clinical Performance of HPV 9G DNA Chip, PANArray HPV Genotyping Chip, and Hybrid-Capture II Assay in Cervicovaginal Swabs: Ho Young Jung, Hye Seung Han, Hyo Bin Kim, Seo Young Oh, Sun-Joo Lee, Wook Youn Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2016;50(2):138-146. Published online January 13, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2015.10.21

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Abstract PDF

Background
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection can be detected by using several molecular methods, including Hybrid-Capture II (HC2) assay and variable HPV DNA chip tests, although each method has different sensitivities and specificities. Methods: We performed HPV 9G DNA Chip (9G) and PANArray HPV Genotyping Chip (PANArray) tests on 118 cervicovaginal swabs and compared the results with HC2, cytology, histology, and direct sequencing results. Results: The overall and high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) positivity rates were 62.7% and 44.9% using 9G, and 61.0% and 30.5% using PANArray, respectively. The positivity rates for HR-HPV with these two chips were significantly lower than 55.1% when HC2 was used. The sensitivity of overall HPV positivity in detecting histologically confirmed low-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions or higher was 88.7% for all three tests. The specificity was 58.5% for 9G and 61.5% for PANArray, which was significantly lower than the 72.3% for HC2. With the HR-HPV⁺ genotype threshold, the sensitivity decreased to 75.5% for 9G and 52.8% for PANArray, which was significantly lower than the 88.7% for HC2. Comparison of the two chips showed concordant results in 55.1% of the samples, compatible results in 16.9%, and discordant results in 28.0%, exhibiting poor agreement in detecting certain HPV genotypes. Compared with direct sequencing, 9G yielded no discordant results, whereas PANArray yielded 31 discordant results (26.7%). Conclusions: Compared with HC2, the HPV genotyping tests showed lower sensitivity in histologic correlation. When the two chips were compared, the 9G was more sensitive and accurate for detecting HR-HPV than the PANArray.

Citations

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Concordance of Anyplex™ II HPV HR assays with reference HPV assays in cervical cancer screening: Systematic review
Habtamu Biazin
Journal of Virological Methods.2022; 301: 114435. CrossRef
The clinical performance of human papillomavirus genotyping using PANArray HPV chip: Comparison to ThinPrep cytology alone and co-testing
Jiyoung Kim, Sun-Young Jun, Lee-So Maeng
Pathology - Research and Practice.2020; 216(9): 153121. CrossRef
Analytic performance of PANArray HPV and HPV 9G DNA chip tests for genotyping of high-risk human papillomavirus in cervical ThinPrep PreservCyt samples
Jiyoung Kim, Sun-Young Jun, Magdalena Grce
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Correspondence

Erratum: Correction of Acknowledgments. ERG Immunohistochemistry as an Endothelial Marker for Assessing Lymphovascular Invasion: Sehun Kim, Hyung Kyu Park, Ho Young Jung, So-Young Lee, Kyueng-Whan Min, Wook Youn Kim, Hye Seung Han, Wan Seop Kim, Tae Sook Hwang, So Dug Lim; Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(5):503-503. Published online October 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.5.503

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Brief Case Report

Neuroendocrine Dysplasia Combined in a Tubular Adenoma of Rectum: A Case Report: So-Young Lee, Dae-Yong Hwang, Tae Sook Hwang, Wan-Seop Kim, So Dug Lim, Wook Youn Kim, Se-Hun Kim, Hye Seung Han; Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(5):495-498. Published online October 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.5.495

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Citations

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Neuroendocrine cell micronests of the colon
Richard R. Pacheco, Maria Faraz, Hwajeong Lee
Human Pathology Reports.2022; 28: 300644. CrossRef
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Parag D Dabir, Rachel S van der Post, Iris D Nagtegaal
Histopathology.2021; 78(3): 348. CrossRef
Large cell neuroendocrine tumor of the gastrointestinal tract with concurrent tubular adenomas
Inayat GILL, Christienne SHAMS, Elisa QUIROZ, Subhashree M. KRISHNAN, Susanna GAIKAZIAN
Gazzetta Medica Italiana Archivio per le Scienze Mediche.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
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Jiancong Hu, Xiaochuan Chen, Dezheng Lin, Zhaoliang Yu, Juan Li, Xuefeng Guo
International Journal of Surgery Oncology.2019; 4(6): e79. CrossRef

Case Study

Rhabdoid Colorectal Carcinomas: Reports of Two Cases: Sang Hwa Lee, Hyesil Seol, Wook Youn Kim, So Dug Lim, Wan Seop Kim, Tae Sook Hwang, Hye Seung Han; Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(4):372-377. Published online August 26, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.4.372

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Abstract PDF

Rhabdoid colorectal carcinomas are very rare and only 10 cases have been previously reported. We report two cases of rhabdoid colorectal carcinoma, one arising in the sigmoid colon of a 62-year-old man and another in the rectum of an 83-year-old woman. In both cases, the patients had advanced tumors with lymph node metastases. The tumors mostly showed a diffuse arrangement with rhabdoid features and small glandular regions were combined. Transitional areas from the adenocarcinomas to the rhabdoid tumors were also noted. Adenocarcinoma cells were positive for mixed cytokeratin (CK), CK20 and epithelial membranous antigen (EMA), but focal positive for vimentin. The rhabdoid tumor cells were positive for mixed CK, but focal positive or negative for CK20 and EMA. In addition, they were diffusely positive for vimentin, but negative for desmin. The histological and immunohistologial findings of these two cases suggest that the rhabodid tumor cells originated from dedifferentiated adenocarcinomas.

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Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor of the Colon: A Case Report
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Original Article

ERG Immunohistochemistry as an Endothelial Marker for Assessing Lymphovascular Invasion: Sehun Kim, Hyung Kyu Park, Ho Young Jung, So-Young Lee, Kyueng-Whan Min, Wook Youn Kim, Hye Seung Han, Wan Seop Kim, Tae Sook Hwang, So Dug Lim; Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(4):355-364. Published online August 26, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.4.355

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Abstract PDF

Background

ERG, a member of the ETS family of transcription factors, is a highly specific endothelial marker. We investigated whether the use of ERG immunostaining can help pathologists detect lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and decrease interobserver variability in LVI diagnosis.

Methods

Fifteen cases of surgically resected colorectal cancers with hepatic metastasis were selected and the most representative sections for LVI detection were immunostained with ERG, CD31, and D2-40. Eight pathologists independently evaluated LVI status on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and the corresponding immunostained sections and then convened for a consensus meeting. The results were analyzed by kappa (κ) statistics.

Results

The average rate of LVI positivity was observed in 43% with H&E only, 10% with CD31, 29% with D2-40, and 16% with ERG. Agreement among pathologists was fair for H&E only (κ=0.27), D2-40 (κ=0.21), ERG (κ=0.23), and was moderate for CD31 (κ=0.55). Consensus revealed that ERG nuclear immunoreactivity showed better visual contrast of LVI detection than the other staining, with improved agreement and LVI detection rate (κ=0.65, LVI positivity rate 80%).

Conclusions

The present study demonstrated a superiority with ERG immunostaining and indicated that ERG is a promising panendothelial marker that might help pathologists increase LVI detection and decrease interobserver variability in LVI diagnosis.

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Case Study

A Case of Multifocal Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Consisting of One Encapsulated Follicular Variant with BRAF K601E Mutation and Three Conventional Types with BRAF V600E Mutation: Wook Youn Kim, Young Sin Ko, Tae Sook Hwang, Hye Seung Han, So Dug Lim, Wan Seop Kim, Seo Young Oh; Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(3):293-298. Published online June 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.3.293

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Abstract PDF

Multifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma (mPTC) comprises about 20-30% of PTC. In mPTC, individual tumor foci can be identical or frequently composed of different histological types including follicular, solid, tall-cell or conventional patterns. We report a case of mPTC consisting of one encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) and three conventional PTCs in a 44-year-old woman. This case genetically demonstrates unique features including the simultaneous presence of the BRAF V600E (T1799A) mutation and the BRAF K601E (A1801G) mutation in conventional PTC and FVPTC, respectively.

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Original Articles

Prognostic Implication of Programmed Death-1-Positive Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.: Young Sin Ko, Young Ha Oh, Chan Kum Park, Wook Youn Kim, Hye Seung Han, So Dug Lim, Tae Sook Hwang, Wan Seop Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(6):573-581.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.6.573

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is physiologically expressed by germinal center-associated helper T-cells and has an inhibitory effect on T-cell activity.
METHODS
We examined 63 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and determined the number of PD-1-positive helper T-cells in a representative tumor area after immunohistochemical staining using a monoclonal antibody against PD-1. The PD-1-positive cells were counted in 3 high-power fields (HPFs; 400x).
RESULTS
Patients were divided into 2 groups: one with a high number of PD-1-positive cells (>20/HPF, n=33) and one with a low number of PD-1-positive cells (< or =20/HPF, n=30). The former group showed decreased overall survival, but at a statistically non-significant level (p=0.073). A high number of PD-1-positive cells was more common in patients at an advanced clinical stage and with high international prognostic index score (p=0.025 and p=0.026, respectively). The number of extranodal sites also somewhat correlated with the PD-1 staining status (p=0.071). However, the number of PD-1-positive cells was not associated with patient age, serum lactate dehydrogenase level, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score.
CONCLUSIONS
The high number of PD-1-positive cells might be associated with an unfavorable outcome in DLBCL patients.

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Mechanisms of PD-1/PD-L1 expression and prognostic relevance in non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a summary of immunohistochemical studies
Pauline Gravelle, Barbara Burroni, Sarah Péricart, Cédric Rossi, Christine Bezombes, Marie Tosolini, Diane Damotte, Pierre Brousset, Jean-Jacques Fournié, Camille Laurent
Oncotarget.2017; 8(27): 44960. CrossRef
Expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in advanced stage EBV-associated extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma is associated with better prognosis
Wook Youn Kim, Ho Young Jung, Soo Jeong Nam, Tae Min Kim, Dae Seog Heo, Chul-Woo Kim, Yoon Kyung Jeon
Virchows Archiv.2016; 469(5): 581. CrossRef

Clinical Usefulness of SurePath(TM) Liquid-based Cytology in Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration: Comparison with the Conventional Smear in Diagnostic Efficacy and Applicability of BRAF Mutation Test.: Wook Youn Kim, Sang Hwa Lee, Young Sin Ko, So Dug Lim, Wan Seop Kim, Hye Seung Han, Hye Sil Seol, Seo Young Oh, Won Jin Moon, Tae Sook Hwang; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(2):188-195.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.2.188

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Recently, liquid-based cytology (LBC) has been introduced as an alternative to the conventional smear (CS) technique in thyroid fine needle aspiration, due to its diagnostic convenience.
METHODS
We assessed 77 cases of thyroid fine needle aspiration using the SurePath(TM) method (SP) as LBC and CS via split-sample techniques. BRAF mutation tests were carried out via polymerase chain reaction and pyrosequencing immediately after diagnosis or a delay of more than one year.
RESULTS
In a comparison between SP and CS, the rate of concordance between SP and CS was as high as 84.4% (kappa value, 0.754). In comparison with histologic diagnosis, the overall sensitivity was 100% for both. The specificity was 62.5% for SP and 56.3% for CS. Relative to CS, papillary carcinomas on SP slides revealed more accentuated nuclear irregularities, nucleoli, and reduced nuclear size. In contrast to CS, the delayed BRAFV600E mutation test using SP slides after 1-2 years failed. The use of new primers amplifying shorter product size could help the delayed test achieve success.
CONCLUSIONS
Differences in the diagnostic efficacy of SP and CS were negligible. The failure of the delayed BRAF mutation test on the SP slides might be associated with DNA degradation.

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Comparison of Liquid-Based Preparations with Conventional Smears in Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspirates: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Yun Jin Kang, Hyeon Woo Lee, Gulnaz Stybayeva, Se Hwan Hwang
Cancers.2024; 16(4): 751. CrossRef
Liquid‐based cytology of pigmented phaeohyphomycotic lesion of the palm masquerading as a metastatic tumor
Thara Keloth, Debasis Gochhait, S Sivaranjani, Neelaiah Siddaraju
Diagnostic Cytopathology.2019; 47(8): 828. CrossRef
DNA degradation in liquid‐based cytology and its comparison with conventional smear
Wook Youn Kim, Seo Young Oh, Hyunkyung Kim, Tae Sook Hwang
Diagnostic Cytopathology.2016; 44(5): 450. CrossRef
Comparison of EASYPREP® and SurePath® in thyroid fine‐needle aspiration
Yosep Chong, Ki Hyun Baek, Jee Young Kim, Tae‐Jung Kim, Eun Jung Lee, Chang Suk Kang
Diagnostic Cytopathology.2016; 44(4): 283. CrossRef
Conventional smears versus liquid-based preparations for thyroid fine-needle aspirates: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Neeraja Nagarajan, Alireza Najafian, Eric B. Schneider, Martha A. Zeiger, Matthew T. Olson
Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology.2015; 4(5): 253. CrossRef
Liquid‐based cytology improves preoperative diagnostic accuracy of the tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma
Sung Hak Lee, Chan Kwon Jung, Ja Seong Bae, So Lyung Jung, Yeong Jin Choi, Chang Suk Kang
Diagnostic Cytopathology.2014; 42(1): 11. CrossRef
Stability of DNA, RNA, cytomorphology, and immunoantigenicity in Residual ThinPrep® Specimens
Younghye Kim, Kap Ro Choi, Moon Jung Chae, Bong Kyung Shin, Han Kyeom Kim, Aeree Kim, Baek‐hui Kim
APMIS.2013; 121(11): 1064. CrossRef
The Development of the Liquid Cell Smear Device for Liquid-Based Cytology Test
Han Yeong Oh, Ha Ju So, Seong Hyun Kim, Dong Wook Kim, Hyun Chang Kim
Applied Mechanics and Materials.2013; 284-287: 1564. CrossRef

A Consideration of MGMT Gene Promotor Methylation Analysis for Glioblastoma Using Methylation-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction and Pyrosequencing.: Sang Hwa Lee, Tae Sook Hwang, Young Cho Koh, Wook Youn Kim, Hye Seung Han, Wan Seop Kim, Young Sin Ko, So Dug Lim; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(1):21-29.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.1.21

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene promoter methylation is currently the most promising predictive marker for the outcome and benefit from temozolomide treatment in patients with glioblastoma, but there is no consensus on the analysis method for assessing the methylation status in the molecular diagnostic field. The objective of this study was to evaluate methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) and pyrosequencing methods for assessing MGMT gene promotor methylation of glioblastoma as well as assessing the MGMT protein expression by immunohistochemistry.
METHODS
Twenty-seven cases of glioblastoma from the archives at the Department of Pathology Konkuk University Hospital were selected. MGMT promoter methylation was evaluated by MSP and the pyrosequencing methods. The MGMT expression was also measured at the protein level by immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS
Overall, MGMT hypermethylation was observed in 44.4% (12/27 cases) of the case of glioblastoma using either MSP or pyrosequencing. The concordant rate was 70.3% (19/27 cases) between MSP and pyrosequencing for MGMT methylation. There was no correlation between MGMT methylation and the protein expression. No significant differences in progression free survival and overall survival were seen between the methylated group and the unmethylated group by using either MSP or pyrosequencing. The status of the MGMT protein expression was correlated with progression free survival (p=0.026).
CONCLUSIONS
In this study the concordance rate between MSP and the pyrosequencing methods for assessing MGMT gene promotor methylation was relatively low for the cases of glioblastoma. This suggests that more reliable techniques for routine MGMT methylation study of glioblastoma remain to be developed because of quality control and assurance issues.

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Prognostic Role of Methylation Status of theMGMTPromoter Determined Quantitatively by Pyrosequencing in Glioblastoma Patients
Dae Cheol Kim, Ki Uk Kim, Young Zoon Kim
Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society.2016; 59(1): 26. CrossRef
Distinct genetic alterations in pediatric glioblastomas
Sun-ju Byeon, Jae Kyung Myung, Se Hoon Kim, Seung-Ki Kim, Ji Hoon Phi, Sung-Hye Park
Child's Nervous System.2012; 28(7): 1025. CrossRef
MGMTGene Promoter Methylation Analysis by Pyrosequencing of Brain Tumour
Young Zoon Kim, Young Jin Song, Ki Uk Kim, Dae Cheol Kim
The Korean Journal of Pathology.2011; 45(5): 455. CrossRef

Clinicopathologic Study of Chromosomal Aberrations in Gastric Lymphomas of Korean Patients.: Wook Youn Kim, Jung Ho Kim, Hyoungsuk Ko, Young A Kim, Yoon Kyung Jeon, Chul Woo Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2009;43(1):5-12.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2009.43.1.5

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
The incidence and clinical correlation of MALT1 translocation and numerical aberrations in Korean gastric MALT lymphoma patients have been rarely reported. We studied the incidence and clinicopathologic relationship of these chromosomal aberrations in Korean gastric lymphomas.
METHODS
Seventy-six gastric lymphomas, which consisted of 40 low grade MALT lymphoma, 4 high grade MALT lymphoma and 32 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cases, were analyzed for the detection of t(11;18) API2-MALT1, t(14;18) IgH-MALT1 and aneuploidies of chromosomes 3 or 18 using fluorescence in situ hybridization.
RESULTS
The t(11;18) was demonstrated in 3 low grade MALT lymphomas (7.5%) and one DLBCL, which was associated with advanced stage, deeper invasion, and disease progression or relapse. The t(14;18) was demonstrated in none of these cases. Trisomy 3 and 18 were detected in 8 (11%) and 11 of 76 cases (12.5%) respectively, and found only in translocation-negative cases. Two of 4 high grade MALT lymphomas showed trisomy 18. All patients survived with successful second treatment after progression or relapse.
CONCLUSIONS
The t(11;18) API2-MALT1 was not quite frequent in Korean low grade gastric MALT lymphomas and was associated with advanced clinical situations. Overall prognosis was good for long-term follow-up regardless of progression or relapse.

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Clinicopathologic Study of Chromosomal Aberrations in Ocular Adnexal Lymphomas of Korean Patients
Hokyung Choung, Young A Kim, Namju Kim, Min Joung Lee, Sang In Khwarg
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology.2015; 29(5): 285. CrossRef

The Relationship between the Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Genotypes and the Methylation Status of the CpG Island Loci, LINE-1 and Alu in Prostate Adenocarcinoma.: Jung Ho Kim, Nam Yun Cho, Baek Hee Kim, Wook Youn Kim, Bo Sung Kim, Kyung Chul Moon, Gyeong Hoon Kang; Korean J Pathol. 2009;43(1):26-35.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2009.43.1.26

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Genetic polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), in association with the influence of MTHFR upon DNA methylation, may cause differences of the methylation profile of cancer. Thus, we investigated the relationship between the methylation status of prostate adenocarcinoma and the genetic polymorphism of MTHFR.
METHODS
We examined 179 cases of prostate adenocarcinoma for determining the genotypes of MTHFR 677 and 1298, the methylation status of 16 CpG island loci and the methylation levels of the LINE-1 and Alu repeats with using polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism, methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and combined bisulphite restriction analysis, respectively.
RESULTS
There was a higher proportion of the CT genotype of MTHFR 677 in the prostate adenocarcinoma than that in the normal control. The TT genotype of MTHFR 677 showed the highest frequency of methylation in six out of nine major CpG island loci, and these were which were frequently hypermethylated in prostate adenocarcinoma. The CT type showed the lowest methylation levels of LINE-1 and Alu among the MTHFR 677 genotypes. Interestingly, the CC type of MTHFR 1298 demonstrated favorable prognostic factors.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study is the first to examine the methylation profile of prostate adenocarcinoma according to the MTHFR genotypes. The differences of the cancer risk, the genomic hypomethylation and the prognosis between the MTHFR genotypes in prostate adenocarcinoma should be further explored.

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Association Between MTHFR 1298A>C Polymorphism and Spontaneous Abortion with Fetal Chromosomal Aneuploidy
Shin Young Kim, So Yeon Park, Ji Won Choi, Do Jin Kim, Shin Yeong Lee, Ji Hyae Lim, Jung Yeol Han, Hyun Mee Ryu, Min Hyoung Kim
American Journal of Reproductive Immunology.2011; 66(4): 252. CrossRef
Distinctive patterns of age-dependent hypomethylation in interspersed repetitive sequences
Pornrutsami Jintaridth, Apiwat Mutirangura
Physiological Genomics.2010; 41(2): 194. CrossRef

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