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Characteristics of RET gene mutations in Vietnamese medullary thyroid carcinoma patients: a single-center analysis
Van Hung Pham, Quoc Thang Pham, Minh Nguyen, Hoa Nhat Ngo, Thao Thi Thu Luu, Nha Dao Thi Minh, Trâm Đặng, Anh Tu Thai, Hoang Anh Vu, Dat Quoc Ngo
J Pathol Transl Med. 2025;59(2):125-132.   Published online March 14, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2025.01.18
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
The RET gene point mutation is the main molecular alteration involved in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) tumorigenesis. Previous studies in Vietnam mainly consisted of case reports, with limited data on larger sample sizes. In this study, we investigated RET gene mutations in exons 10, 11, and 16 and analyzed clinicopathological features of a series of Vietnamese MTC patients. Methods: We collected 33 tissue samples from patients with MTC and analyzed RET mutations using the Sanger sequencing method. The relationship between hotspot RET mutations (exons 10, 11, 16) and clinicopathological features were investigated. Results: Among the 33 analyzed cases, 17 tumors (52%) harbored RET mutations in exon 10, 11, or 16. A total of 10 distinct genetic alterations were identified, including eight missense mutations and two short indels. Of these, seven were classified as pathogenic mutations based on previous publications, with p.M918T being the most frequent (4 cases), followed by p.C634R (3 cases) and p.C618R (3 cases). Mutations were significantly associated with specific histological patterns, such as the nested/insular pattern (p=.026), giant cells (p=.007), nuclear pleomorphism (p=.018), stippled chromatin (p=.044), and amyloid deposits (p=.024). No mutations were found in germline analyses, suggesting these were somatic alterations. Conclusions: Our results provided the first comprehensive analysis of RET mutations in Vietnamese MTC patients. The most frequent mutation was p.M918T, followed by p.C634R and p.C618R. Mutations in these three exons were linked to specific histopathological features. Information on mutational profiles of patients with MTC will further aid in the development of targeted therapeutics to ensure effective disease management.
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Histopathologic classification and immunohistochemical features of papillary renal neoplasm with potential therapeutic targets
Jeong Hwan Park, Su-Jin Shin, Hyun-Jung Kim, Sohee Oh, Yong Mee Cho
J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(6):321-330.   Published online September 12, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.07.31
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  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is the second most common histological subtype of renal cell carcinoma and is considered a morphologically and molecularly heterogeneous tumor. Accurate classification and assessment of the immunohistochemical features of possible therapeutic targets are needed for precise patient care. We aimed to evaluate immunohistochemical features and possible therapeutic targets of papillary renal neoplasms
Methods
We collected 140 papillary renal neoplasms from three different hospitals and conducted immunohistochemical studies on tissue microarray slides. We performed succinate dehydrogenase B, fumarate hydratase, and transcription factor E3 immunohistochemical studies for differential diagnosis and re-classified five cases (3.6%) of papillary renal neoplasms. In addition, we conducted c-MET, p16, c-Myc, Ki-67, p53, and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) immunohistochemical studies to evaluate their pathogenesis and value for therapeutic targets.
Results
We found that c-MET expression was more common in pRCC (classic) (p = .021) among papillary renal neoplasms and Ki-67 proliferation index was higher in pRCC (not otherwise specified, NOS) compared to that of pRCC (classic) and papillary neoplasm with reverse polarity (marginal significance, p = .080). Small subsets of cases with p16 block positivity (4.5%) (pRCC [NOS] only) and c-Myc expression (7.1%) (pRCC [classic] only) were found. Also, there were some cases showing STING expression and those cases were associated with increased Ki-67 proliferation index (marginal significance, p = .063).
Conclusions
Our findings suggested that there are subsets of pRCC with c-MET, p16, c-MYC, and STING expression and those cases could be potential candidates for targeted therapy.

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  • Tissue-Based Biomarkers Important for Prognostication and Management of Genitourinary Tumors, Including Surrogate Markers of Genomic Alterations
    Leonie Beauchamp, Shreeya Indulkar, Eric Erak, Mohammad Salimian, Andres Matoso
    Surgical Pathology Clinics.2025; 18(1): 175.     CrossRef
Case Study
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Rhabdomyosarcoma of the skull with EWSR1 fusion and ALK and cytokeratin expression: a case report
Hyeong Rok An, Kyung-Ja Cho, Sang Woo Song, Ji Eun Park, Joon Seon Song
J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(5):255-260.   Published online September 5, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.08.15
  • 1,355 View
  • 189 Download
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) comprises of heterogeneous group of neoplasms that occasionally express epithelial markers on immunohistochemistry (IHC). We herein report the case of a patient who developed RMS of the skull with EWSR1 fusion and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and cytokeratin expression as cytomorphologic features. A 40-year-old man presented with a mass in his forehead. Surgical resection was performed, during which intraoperative frozen specimens were obtained. Squash cytology showed scattered or clustered spindle and epithelioid cells. IHC revealed that the resected tumor cells were positive for desmin, MyoD1, cytokeratin AE1/ AE3, and ALK. Although EWSR1 rearrangement was identified on fluorescence in situ hybridization, ALK, and TFCP2 rearrangement were not noted. Despite providing adjuvant chemoradiation therapy, the patient died of tumor progression 10 months after diagnosis. We emphasize that a subset of RMS can express cytokeratin and show characteristic histomorphology, implying the need for specific molecular examination.

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  • Rhabdomyosarcomas of Bone
    Ahmed Shah, Andrew L. Folpe
    Surgical Pathology Clinics.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Original Article
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Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) in the differential diagnosis of osteogenic and non-osteogenic bone and soft tissue tumors
Sharon Milton, Anne Jennifer Prabhu, V. T. K. Titus, Rikki John, Selvamani Backianathan, Vrisha Madhuri
J Pathol Transl Med. 2022;56(5):270-280.   Published online September 13, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.07.11
  • 3,846 View
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  • 2 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
The diagnosis of osteosarcoma (OSA) depends on clinicopathological and radiological correlation. A biopsy is considered the gold standard for OSA diagnosis. However, since OSA is a great histological mimicker, diagnostic challenges exist. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) can serve as an adjunct for the histological diagnosis of OSA. Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) was recently described as a reliable adjunct immunohistochemical marker for the diagnosis of OSA.
Methods
We investigated the IHC expression of SATB2 in 95 OSA and 100 non-osteogenic bone and soft tissue tumors using a monoclonal antibody (clone EPNCIR30A). The diagnostic utility of SATB2 and correlation with clinicopathological parameters were analyzed.
Results
SATB2 IHC was positive in 88 out of 95 cases (92.6%) of OSA and 50 out of 100 cases (50.0%) of primary non-osteogenic bone and soft tissue tumors. Of the 59 bone tumors, 37 cases (62.7%) were positive for SATB2, and of the 41 soft tissue tumors, 13 cases (31.7%) were positive for SATB2. The sensitivity of SATB2 as a diagnostic test was 92.6%, specificity 50%, positive predictive value 63.8%, and negative predictive value 87.7%.
Conclusions
Although SATB2 is a useful diagnostic marker for OSA, other clinical, histological and immunohistochemical features should be considered for the interpretation of SATB2.

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  • Immunohistochemical Characterization of Feline Giant Cell Tumor of Bone (GCTb): What We Know and What We Can Learn from the Human Counterpart
    Ilaria Porcellato, Giuseppe Giglia, Leonardo Leonardi
    Animals.2025; 15(5): 699.     CrossRef
  • Favorable treatment response to high‐grade sarcoma in neurofibromatosis 1
    Michelle H. Talukder, Mauli M. Patel, Tala Al‐Saghir, Ghadir K. Katato, Janet Poulik, William J. Powell, Alysia K. Kemp, Steven Miller, Danielle Bell, Jeffrey W. Taub
    Pediatric Blood & Cancer.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
Case Study
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Colorectal adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation: diagnostic challenges of a rare case encountered in clinical practice
Evi Abada, Ifeoma C. Anaya, Othuke Abada, Anthony Lebbos, Rafic Beydoun
J Pathol Transl Med. 2022;56(2):97-102.   Published online January 21, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2021.10.28
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  • 8 Web of Science
  • 7 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Colorectal adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation (CAED) is a rare subtype of colonic adenocarcinoma characterized by increased α-fetoprotein (AFP) production and the expression of at least one enteroblastic marker including AFP, glypican 3 (GPC3), or Spalt like transcription factor 4 (SALL4). We report a case of a 26-year-old female who presented with low back pain and constipation which persisted despite supportive measures. Imaging revealed multiple liver lesions and enlarged retroperitoneal nodes. Tumor markers including AFP were markedly elevated. On biopsy, samples from the liver revealed infiltrating glands lined by columnar-type epithelium with mostly eosinophilic granular to focally clear cytoplasm. By immunohistochemistry, the tumor showed immunoreactivity with AFP, hepatocyte antigen, GPC3, SALL4, CDX2, SATB2, and cytokeratin 20. A colonoscopy performed subsequently revealed a mass in the sigmoid colon and biopsy of this mass revealed a similar histology as that seen in the liver. A diagnosis of CAED was made, following the results of gene expression profiling by the tumor with next-generation sequencing which identified pathogenic variants in MUTYH, TP53, and KDM6A genes and therefore supported its colonic origin. Cases such as this underscores the use of ancillary diagnostic techniques in arriving at the correct diagnosis in lesions with overlapping clinicopathologic characteristics.

Citations

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  • SALL4 in gastrointestinal tract cancers: upstream and downstream regulatory mechanisms
    Tairan Wang, Yan Jin, Mengyao Wang, Boya Chen, Jinyu Sun, Jiaying Zhang, Hui Yang, Xinyao Deng, Xingyue Cao, Lidong Wang, Yuanyuan Tang
    Molecular Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Gastric adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation in a 67-year-old man in Korea: a case report
    Hae Rin Lee, Gwang Ha Kim, Dong Chan Joo, Moon Won Lee, Bong Eun Lee, Kyung Bin Kim
    The Ewha Medical Journal.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Colorectal adenocarcinoma with clear cell changes: immunohistological and molecular findings in three cases
    Andreas Gocht, Carsten Heidel, Jutta Kirfel, Rita Vesce, Pamela Lazar-Karsten, Helen Pasternack, Madelaine Melzer, Phillip Hildebrand, Nicole Warkentin, Hendrik Schimmelpenning, Verena-Wilbeth Sailer
    Virchows Archiv.2024; 485(3): 569.     CrossRef
  • Ureteral Metastasis of Colonic Adenocarcinoma with Enteroblastic Differentiation: A Rare Case to be Distinguished from Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Urinary Tract
    Hiroshi Minato, Akane Yoshikawa, Sho Tsuyama, Kazuyoshi Katayanagi, Kengo Hayashi, Yusuke Sakimura, Hiroyuki Bando, Tomohiro Hori, Yosuke Kito
    International Journal of Surgical Pathology.2023; 31(8): 1553.     CrossRef
  • Beyond liver cancer, more application scenarios for alpha-fetoprotein in clinical practice
    Chenyu Ma, Yuexinzi Jin, Yuhan Wang, Huaguo Xu, Jiexin Zhang
    Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • AIEgens assisted label free DNA supersandwich immunoassay for ultrasensitive α-fetoprotein detection
    Xiaowen Ou, Jingman Dai, Yiting Huang, Xiaoqin Xiong, Zhi Zheng, Xiaoding Lou, Fan Xia
    Giant.2022; 11: 100110.     CrossRef
  • Rectal carcinoma with dual differentiation toward enteroblastic and neuroendocrine features arising in a patient with ulcerative colitis: a case report
    Takako Kihara, Ryuichi Kuwahara, Kurando Kusunoki, Tomohiro Minagawa, Yuki Horio, Motoi Uchino, Hiroki Ikeuchi, Seiichi Hirota
    World Journal of Surgical Oncology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
Original Article
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SMARCA4/BRG1 protein-deficient thoracic tumors dictate re-examination of small biopsy reporting in non–small cell lung cancer
Anurag Mehta, Divya Bansal, Rupal Tripathi, Ankush Jajodia
J Pathol Transl Med. 2021;55(5):307-316.   Published online June 21, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2021.05.11
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  • 9 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
SMARCA4/BRG1 protein–deficient lung adenocarcinomas and thoracic sarcoma are recently described entities that lack distinctive histological features, transcription termination factor 1 (TTF1) reactivity, and actionable driver mutations. The current diagnostic path for small lung biopsies as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2015) is likely to categorize these as non– small cell carcinoma–not otherwise specified (NSCC-NOS). The present study attempts to define the subtle but distinctive clinicopathologic features of SMARCA4/BRG1 protein-deficient thoracic tumors; highlight their unique biology; and addresses the unmet need to segregate these using a new, tissue-proficient diagnostic pathway.
Methods
All lung biopsies and those from metastatic sites in patients with suspected advanced lung cancer and classified as NSCC-NOS as per WHO (2015) guidelines were subjected to BRG1 testing by immunohistochemistry. SMARCA4/BRG1 protein–deficient thoracic tumors were evaluated by an extended immunohistochemistry panel. Predictive biomarker and programmed death–ligand 1 testing was conducted in all cases.
Results
Of 110 cases, nine were found to be SMARCA4/BRG1 protein-deficient; six were identified as SMARCA4/BRG1 protein–deficient lung adenocarcinomas, and three were SMARCA4/BRG1 protein-deficient thoracic sarcomas. The histology ranged from poorly differentiated to undifferentiated to rhabdoid. None of the cases showed significant expression of TTF1 or p40, and no actionable mutation was identified.
Conclusions
It is difficult to separate BRG1-deficient lung adenocarcinomas and thoracic sarcomas based on morphology alone. We propose a diagnostic pathway for small biopsies of thoracic tumors to segregate these distinct entities so that they can be studied more efficaciously for new biomarkers and therapeutic options.

Citations

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  • Clinicopathologic and genomic analyses of SMARCA4-mutated non-small cell lung carcinoma implicate the needs for tailored treatment strategies
    Bokyung Ahn, Deokhoon Kim, Wonjun Ji, Sung-Min Chun, Goeun Lee, Se Jin Jang, Hee Sang Hwang
    Lung Cancer.2025; 201: 108445.     CrossRef
  • SMARCA4-deficient non-small cell lung cancer with metastasis to the sigmoid colon: a case report
    Rong Xiao, Guang Fu, Xinglan Li, Tao Lu
    World Journal of Surgical Oncology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Unravelling switch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI-SNF) complex-deficient thoracic tumours: a clinicopathological comparative on undifferentiated tumours and non-small cell lung carcinomas with BRG1 and BRM deficiency
    Ridhi Sood, Arshi Tandon, Warisa Khatoon, Jayashimman Vasanthraman, Aruna Nambirajan, Anant Mohan, Prabhat Singh Malik, Deepali Jain
    Journal of Clinical Pathology.2024; : jcp-2024-209619.     CrossRef
  • Case report: The first account of undifferentiated sarcoma with epithelioid features originating in the pleura
    Ling-Xi Xiao, Li Liu, Wang Deng
    Frontiers in Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • SMARCA4-deficient central nervous system metastases: A case series and systematic review
    Meaghan Morris, Kerime Ararat, Hannah Cutshall, Murat Gokden, Analiz Rodriguez, Lisa Rooper, Matthew Lindberg, James Stephen Nix
    Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology.2024; 83(8): 638.     CrossRef
  • Chemotherapy and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in a Case of SMARCA4-dUT: A Case Report and Review of Literature
    Akriti Pokhrel, Ruchi Yadav, Kapil Kumar Manvar, Richard Wu, Vijay Jaswani, Carrie Brooke Wasserman, Jen C. Wang
    Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • TTF1-positive SMARCA4/BRG1 deficient lung adenocarcinoma
    Anurag Mehta, Himanshi Diwan, Divya Bansal, Manoj Gupta
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2022; 56(1): 53.     CrossRef
  • Delineation of a SMARCA4-specific competing endogenous RNA network and its function in hepatocellular carcinoma
    Lei Zhang, Ting Sun, Xiao-Ye Wu, Fa-Ming Fei, Zhen-Zhen Gao
    World Journal of Clinical Cases.2022; 10(29): 10501.     CrossRef
  • Artificial intelligence platform, RADR®, aids in the discovery of DNA damaging agent for the ultra-rare cancer Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumors
    Joseph McDermott, Drew Sturtevant, Umesh Kathad, Sudhir Varma, Jianli Zhou, Aditya Kulkarni, Neha Biyani, Caleb Schimke, William C. Reinhold, Fathi Elloumi, Peter Carr, Yves Pommier, Kishor Bhatia
    Frontiers in Drug Discovery.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
Case Study
Hepatoid thymic carcinoma: a case report of a rare subtype of thymic carcinoma
Ji-Seon Jeong, Hyo Jeong Kang, Uiree Jo, Min Jeong Song, Soon Yeol Nam, Joon Seon Song
J Pathol Transl Med. 2021;55(3):230-234.   Published online April 14, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2021.03.10
  • 3,868 View
  • 117 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Hepatoid thymic carcinoma is an extremely rare subtype of primary thymus tumor resembling “pure” hepatoid adenocarcinomas with hepatocyte paraffin 1 (Hep-Par-1) expression. A 53-year-old man presented with voice change and a neck mass. Multiple masses involving the thyroid, cervical and mediastinal lymph nodes, and lung were detected on computed tomography. Papillary thyroid carcinoma was confirmed by biopsy, and the patient underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy. However, the anterior mediastinal mass was enlarged after the treatment whereas the multiple masses in the thyroid and neck decreased in size. Microscopically, polygonal tumor cells formed solid sheets or trabeculae resembling hepatocytes and infiltrated remnant thymus. The tumor cells showed immunopositivity for cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 19, and Hep-Par-1 and negativity for α-fetoprotein. Possibilities of germ cell tumor, squamous cell carcinoma, and metastasis of thyroid papillary carcinoma were excluded by immunohistochemistry. This report on the new subtype of thymic carcinoma is the third in English literature thus far.

Citations

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  • Hepatoid thymic carcinoma in a polycythemia vera patient treated with ropeginterferon Alfa-2b: Clinical, histopathological and molecular correlates
    Giuseppe G. Loscocco, Margherita Vannucchi, Raffaella Santi, Andrea Amorosi, Stefania Scarpino, Maria Chiara Siciliano, Paola Guglielmelli, Claudio Tripodo, Arianna Di Napoli, Alessandro M. Vannucchi
    Pathology - Research and Practice.2024; 263: 155648.     CrossRef
  • Hepatoid tumors of the gastrointestinal/pancreatobiliary district: morphology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular profiles
    Paola Mattiolo, Aldo Scarpa, Claudio Luchini
    Human Pathology.2023; 132: 169.     CrossRef
Original Articles
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Gene variant profiles and tumor metabolic activity as measured by FOXM1 expression and glucose uptake in lung adenocarcinoma
Ashley Goodman, Waqas Mahmud, Lela Buckingham
J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(3):237-245.   Published online March 4, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2020.02.08
  • 5,814 View
  • 119 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Cancer cells displaying aberrant metabolism switch energy production from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. Measure of glucose standardized uptake value (SUV) by positron emission tomography (PET), used for staging of adenocarcinoma in high-risk patients, can reflect cellular use of the glycolysis pathway. The transcription factor, FOXM1 plays a role in regulation of glycolytic genes. Cancer cell transformation is driven by mutations in tumor suppressor genes such as TP53 and STK11 and oncogenes such as KRAS and EGFR. In this study, SUV and FOXM1 gene expression were compared in the background of selected cancer gene mutations.
Methods
Archival tumor tissue from cases of lung adenocarcinoma were analyzed. SUV was collected from patient records. FOXM1 gene expression was assessed by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Gene mutations were detected by allele-specific PCR and gene sequencing.
Results
SUV and FOXM1 gene expression patterns differed in the presence of single and coexisting gene mutations. Gene mutations affected SUV and FOXM1 differently. EGFR mutations were found in tumors with lower FOXM1 expression but did not affect SUV. Tumors with TP53 mutations had increased SUV (p = .029). FOXM1 expression was significantly higher in tumors with STK11 mutations alone (p < .001) and in combination with KRAS or TP53 mutations (p < .001 and p = .002, respectively).
Conclusions
Cancer gene mutations may affect tumor metabolic activity. These observations support consideration of tumor cell metabolic state in the presence of gene mutations for optimal prognosis and treatment strategy.

Citations

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  • Prognostic value of combining clinical factors, 18F-FDG PET-based intensity, volumetric features, and deep learning predictor in patients with EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma undergoing targeted therapies: a cross-scanner and temporal validation study
    Kun-Han Lue, Yu-Hung Chen, Sung-Chao Chu, Chih-Bin Lin, Tso-Fu Wang, Shu-Hsin Liu
    Annals of Nuclear Medicine.2024; 38(8): 647.     CrossRef
PLAG1, SOX10, and Myb Expression in Benign and Malignant Salivary Gland Neoplasms
Ji Hyun Lee, Hye Ju Kang, Chong Woo Yoo, Weon Seo Park, Jun Sun Ryu, Yuh-Seog Jung, Sung Weon Choi, Joo Yong Park, Nayoung Han
J Pathol Transl Med. 2019;53(1):23-30.   Published online November 14, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.10.12
  • 9,646 View
  • 362 Download
  • 25 Web of Science
  • 32 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Recent findings in molecular pathology suggest that genetic translocation and/oroverexpression of oncoproteins is important in salivary gland tumorigenesis and diagnosis. Weinvestigated PLAG1, SOX10, and Myb protein expression in various salivary gland neoplasm tissues.
Methods
A total of 113 cases of surgically resected salivary gland neoplasms at the NationalCancer Center from January 2007 to March 2017 were identified. Immunohistochemical stainingof PLAG1, SOX10, and Myb in tissue samples was performed using tissue microarrays.
Results
Among the 113 cases, 82 (72.6%) were benign and 31 (27.4%) were malignant. PLAG1 showednuclear staining and normal parotid gland was not stained. Among 48 cases of pleomorphicadenoma, 29 (60.4%) were positive for PLAG1. All other benign and malignant salivary glandneoplasms were PLAG1-negative. SOX10 showed nuclear staining. In normal salivary gland tissuesSOX10 was expressed in cells of acinus and intercalated ducts. In benign tumors, SOX10 expressionwas observed in all pleomorphic adenoma (48/48), and basal cell adenoma (3/3), but not inother benign tumors. SOX10 positivity was observed in nine of 31 (29.0%) malignant tumors.Myb showed nuclear staining but was not detected in normal parotid glands. Four of 31 (12.9%)malignant tumors showed Myb positivity: three adenoid cystic carcinomas (AdCC) and onemyoepithelial carcinoma with focal AdCC-like histology.
Conclusions
PLAG1 expression is specificto pleomorphic adenoma. SOX10 expression is helpful to rule out excretory duct origin tumor,but its diagnostic value is relatively low. Myb is useful for diagnosing AdCC when histology isunclear in the surgical specimen.

Citations

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  • Pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) protects p53-/- myoepithelial cells from mitochondria-related apoptosis caused by hypoxia
    Nodoka Kindaichi, Yoshiki Mukudai, Yuzo Abe, Masataka Watanabe, Maki Nara, Konomi Yamada, Asami Houri, Toshikazu Shimane, Tatsuo Shirota
    Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Retrospective Clinicopathological Study of 33 Cases of Pleomorphic Salivary Adenoma Diagnosed in Benghazi
    Siraj S. Najem, Elhoni Ashour, Rehab Elmaddani, Ali M. Elmurtadi
    Libyan Journal of Dentistry .2025; 8(2): 29.     CrossRef
  • Pleomorphic adenoma of palatal minor salivary glands
    Afrah Aldelaimi, Tahrir Aldelaimi, Suzan Abdulkareem
    Revista Española de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Immunohistochemical Characterization of a Large Cohort of Triple Negative Breast Cancer
    Rachel Han, Sharon Nofech-Mozes, Dina Boles, Hannah Wu, Nikolina Curcin, Elzbieta Slodkowska
    International Journal of Surgical Pathology.2024; 32(2): 239.     CrossRef
  • Proceedings of the 2024 North American Society of Head and Neck Pathology Companion Meeting, Baltimore, MD, March 24, 2024: Navigating Ancillary Studies in Basaloid/Blue Salivary Tumors
    Kristine S. Wong
    Head and Neck Pathology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Insights into the molecular alterations of PLAG1 and HMGA2 associated with malignant phenotype acquisition in pleomorphic adenoma
    Reydson Alcides de Lima-Souza, Gustavo de Souza Vieira, Talita de Carvalho Kimura, João Figueira Scarini, Luccas Lavareze, Tayná Figueiredo Maciel, Moisés Willian Aparecido Gonçalves, Erika Said Abu Egal, Albina Altemani, Fernanda Viviane Mariano
    Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology.2024; 204: 104494.     CrossRef
  • Expanding the Molecular Spectrum of Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma
    Reydson Alcides de Lima-Souza, Albina Altemani, Michal Michal, Fernanda Viviane Mariano, Ilmo Leivo, Alena Skálová
    American Journal of Surgical Pathology.2024; 48(12): 1491.     CrossRef
  • Utility of SOX10 and estrogen receptor immunohistochemical expression in endometrial carcinoma of Egyptian patients
    Mona A. Kora, Alyaa A. Moselhy, Rania A. Abdallah
    Egyptian Journal of Pathology.2024; 44(2): 190.     CrossRef
  • The Challenge of “Monomorphic” Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma—Report of a Rare Case with Pure Spindle-Clear Cell Morphology
    Xinyi Qu, Edwin Jun Chen Chew, Sathiyamoorthy Selvarajan, Bingcheng Wu, Abbas Agaimy, Fredrik Petersson
    Head and Neck Pathology.2023; 17(3): 864.     CrossRef
  • SOX10
    Albert L Sy, Mai P Hoang
    Journal of Clinical Pathology.2023; 76(10): 649.     CrossRef
  • Activating Transcription Factor 1 (ATF1) Immunohistochemical Marker Distinguishes HCCC from MEC
    Wafaey Badawy, Asmaa S. Abdelfattah, Haneen A. Sallam
    Journal of Molecular Pathology.2023; 4(3): 178.     CrossRef
  • Rare case of pleomorphic adenoma presenting as peritonsilar tumor
    Anđelina Jovanović, Svetlana Valjarević, Milan Jovanović
    Medicinska istrazivanja.2023; 56(3): 95.     CrossRef
  • Pleomorphic Adenoma of a Minor Salivary Gland of the Hard Palate: A Case Report
    Ishank Panchal, Anil Wanjari
    Cureus.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Advanced Diagnostic Methods for Salivary Glands Diseases: A Narrative Review Study
    Malak Mohammed AlOsaimi, Abdulaziz Mohammed AlSubaheen, Taif Saleh Jameel, Rand Abdulrahman AlSalamah, Dalal Naseh AlAnzi, Norah Ameen AlOushan, Fahad Fadhel AlShammari, Cristalle Soman
    Clinical Cancer Investigation Journal.2023; 12(4): 19.     CrossRef
  • Clinical Significance of SOX10 Expression in Human Pathology
    Hisham F. Bahmad, Aran Thiravialingam, Karthik Sriganeshan, Jeffrey Gonzalez, Veronica Alvarez, Stephanie Ocejo, Alvaro R. Abreu, Rima Avellan, Alejandro H. Arzola, Sana Hachem, Robert Poppiti
    Current Issues in Molecular Biology.2023; 45(12): 10131.     CrossRef
  • NR4A3 Immunostain Is a Highly Sensitive and Specific Marker for Acinic Cell Carcinoma in Cytologic and Surgical Specimens
    Kartik Viswanathan, Shaham Beg, Bing He, Taotao Zhang, Richard Cantley, Daniel J Lubin, Qiuying Shi, Zahra Maleki, Saeed Asiry, Rema Rao, Nora Katabi, Masato Nakaguro, William C Faquin, Peter M Sadow, Momin T Siddiqui, Theresa Scognamiglio
    American Journal of Clinical Pathology.2022; 157(1): 98.     CrossRef
  • Recent Advances on Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Biology for the Diagnosis of Adnexal Sweat Gland Tumors
    Nicolas Macagno, Pierre Sohier, Thibault Kervarrec, Daniel Pissaloux, Marie-Laure Jullie, Bernard Cribier, Maxime Battistella
    Cancers.2022; 14(3): 476.     CrossRef
  • Diagnostic accuracy of human transcriptional activator (Myb) expression by ELISA technique versus immunohistochemistry in detecting salivary gland carcinomas
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Significance of Intratumoral Fibrosis in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Jae Won Joung, Hoon Kyu Oh, Sun Jae Lee, Young Ah Kim, Hyun Jin Jung
J Pathol Transl Med. 2018;52(5):323-330.   Published online August 19, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.07.21
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Intratumoral fibrosis (ITF) is a frequent histologic finding in solid organ tumors. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a highly vascularized tumor with different shapes and degrees of ITF and inflammation. ITF is a poor prognostic factor, especially in breast cancer, and is related to intratumoral necrosis (ITN) and intratumoral inflammation (ITI). However, the significance of ITF in RCC has not been fully studied. In this study, we evaluate the relationships between ITF and other clinicopathologic parameters associated with RCC prognosis.
Methods
ITF was evaluated in 204 clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) specimens according to presence and grade of fibrosis, degree of ITI, and presence of ITN. Lysyl oxidase (LOX) expression in tumor cells was also evaluated with clinicopathologic parameters.
Results
Among 204 CCRCC cases, 167 (81.7%) showed ITF, 71 (34.8%) showed ITI, 35 (17.2%) showed ITN, and 111 (54.4%) showed LOX expression. ITF correlated with Fuhrman nuclear grade (p = .046), lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (p = .027), and ITN (p = .036). Patients with ITF had a poor five-year overall survival rate (p = .104).
Conclusions
ITF is related to other poor prognostic factors in CCRCC, such as Fuhrman nuclear grade, ITN, and LVI, but ITF itself had no significant correlation with prognosis of CCRCC.

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Interleukin-31, Interleukin-31RA, and OSMR Expression Levels in Post-burn Hypertrophic Scars
Mi Young Lee, Eun Shin, Hyunchul Kim, In Suk Kwak, Younghee Choi
J Pathol Transl Med. 2018;52(5):307-313.   Published online August 16, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.08.03
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Although several studies have shown the role of interleukin-31 (IL-31) and its receptors in inducing pruritus in certain skin disorders, knowledge of its role in post-burn hypertrophic scars is insufficient. Therefore, the histopathological expression levels of IL-31, IL-31 receptor alpha (IL-31RA), and oncostatin M receptor (OSMR) in post-burn hypertrophic scar tissues were investigated and compared with normal tissue expression levels.
Methods
Samples of hypertrophic scar tissue were obtained from 20 burn patients through punch biopsy. Normal samples were obtained from areas adjacent to the burn injury site of the same patients. Samples were placed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, embedded in paraplast, and processed into serial 5-μm sections. Immunohistochemistry results were semi-quantitatively evaluated for IL-31, IL-31RA, and OSMR. By hematoxylin and eosin staining, epidermal and dermal thickness were assessed with a microscope and digital camera. Intensities were rated on a scale of 1 to 4.
Results
Percentages for IL-31, IL-31RA, and OSMR in the epidermal basal layer cell cytoplasm were significantly greater in the burn scar tissue compared to normal skin, as well as the dermal and epidermal thickness (p < .05). There was a significant difference in IL-31 epidermal basal layer intensity in burn scar tissue compared to normal skin (p < .05). Besides the OSMR basal layer intensity, IL-31 and IL-31RA intensities between the burn scar and normal tissues were not significant. However, correlations were significant, indicating that the greater the infiltration percentage, the higher the intensity (p < .05).
Conclusions
IL-31, IL-31RA, and OSMR expression levels are increased in hypertrophic scars compared with normal tissue.

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Case Study
Abrupt Dyskeratotic and Squamoid Cells in Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma: Case Study of Two Thoracic NUT Midline Carcinomas with Cytohistologic Correlation
Taebum Lee, Sangjoon Choi, Joungho Han, Yoon-La Choi, Kyungjong Lee
J Pathol Transl Med. 2018;52(5):349-353.   Published online July 27, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.07.16
  • 8,673 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Cytologic diagnosis of nuclear protein in testis (NUT) midline carcinoma (NMC) is important due to its aggressive behavior and miserable prognosis. Early diagnosis of NMC can facilitate proper management, and here we report two rare cases of thoracic NMC with cytohistologic correlation. In aspiration cytology, the tumor presented with mixed cohesive clusters and dispersed single cells, diffuse background necrosis and many neutrophils. Most of the tumor cells had scanty cytoplasm and medium-sized irregular nuclei, which had fine to granular nuclear chromatin. Interestingly, a few dyskeratotic cells or squamoid cell clusters were present in each case. Biopsy specimen histology revealed more frequent squamous differentiation, and additional immunohistochemistry tests showed nuclear expression of NUT. Because this tumor has a notorious progression and has been previously underestimated in terms of its prevalence, awareness of characteristic findings and proper ancillary tests should be considered in all suspicious cases.

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    Yaping Ju, Miriam Velazquez, Andy Sherrod, Tiannan Wang
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    Ayesha Farooq, Allison L. Kerper, Jennifer M. Boland, Ying-Chun Lo
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    Ayae Saiki, Keita Sakamoto, Yuan Bee, Takehiro Izumo
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    Zaibo Li, Huihong Xu, Fang Fan
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    Jiaqian Yuan, Zhili Xu, Yong Guo
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    Taebum Lee, Junhun Cho, Chung‐Hwan Baek, Young‐Ik Son, Han‐Sin Jeong, Man Ki Chung, Sang Duk Hong, Yong Chan Ahn, Dong Ryul Oh, Jae Myoung Noh, Keunchil Park, Myung‐Ju Ahn, Hyung‐Jin Kim, Yi Kyung Kim, Young Hyeh Ko
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Original Articles
C-reactive Protein Overexpression in the Background Liver of Hepatitis B Virus–Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Is a Prognostic Biomarker
Jin Ho Shin, Eunsil Yu, Eun Na Kim, Chong Jai Kim
J Pathol Transl Med. 2018;52(5):267-274.   Published online July 27, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.07.14
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Peripheral blood C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration and CRP overexpression in HCC cells are proven to be prognostic markers for HCC, but the significance of CRP expression in non-neoplastic hepatocytes, which are the primary origin of CRP, has not been studied. This study was conducted to determine the clinicopathologic significance of CRP immunoreactivity in the background liver of HBV-associated HCC.
Methods
CRP immunostaining was done on tissue microarrays of non-neoplastic liver tissues obtained from surgically resected, treatment-naïve HBV-associated HCCs (n = 156). The relationship between CRP immunoreactivity and other clinicopathologic parameters including cancer-specific survival was analyzed. CRP immunoreactivity was determined using a 4-tier grading system: grades 0, 1, 2, and 3.
Results
CRP was positive in 139 of 156 cases (89.1%) of non-neoplastic liver in patients with HCCs: grade 1 in 83 cases (53.2%); grade 2 in 50 cases (32.1%); and grade 3 in six cases (3.8%). The patients with diffuse CRP immunoreactivity (grade 3) had decreased cancer-specific survival (p = .031) and a tendency for shorter interval before early recurrence (p = .050). The degree of CRP immunoreactivity correlated with serum CRP concentration (p < .001).
Conclusions
CRP immunoreactivity in non-neoplastic liver is a novel biomarker for poor cancer-specific survival of HBV-associated HCC and correlates with serum CRP concentration.

Citations

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    Hyeokjun Yun, Jae-Sik Jeon, Jae Kyung Kim
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    Haeryoung Kim, Young Nyun Park
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Myoferlin Expression and Its Correlation with FIGO Histologic Grading in Early-Stage Endometrioid Carcinoma
Min Hye Kim, Dae Hyun Song, Gyung Hyuck Ko, Jeong Hee Lee, Dong Chul Kim, Jung Wook Yang, Hyang Im Lee, Hyo Jung An, Jong Sil Lee
J Pathol Transl Med. 2018;52(2):93-97.   Published online March 14, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.11.29
  • 6,896 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
For endometrioid carcinoma patients, International Federation of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (FIGO) histologic grading is very important for identifying the appropriate treatment method. However, the interobserver discrepancy with this three-tiered grading system is a serious potential problem. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry to analyze the relationship between FIGO histologic grading score and myoferlin expression.
Methods
We studied the endometrioid carcinoma tissues of 60 patients from Gyeongsang National University Hospital between January 2002 and December 2009. Immunohistochemical analysis of myoferlin was performed on tissue microarray blocks from surgical specimens.
Results
Myoferlin expression was observed in 58 of 60 patients. Moderate and strong myoferlin expression was observed in low-grade endometrioid carcinoma, while there was a tendency toward loss of myoferlin expression in high-grade endometrioid carcinoma (p<.001).
Conclusions
Our study revealed that myoferlin loss is significantly correlated with high FIGO grade of endometrioid carcinoma.

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  • Myoferlin, a Membrane Protein with Emerging Oncogenic Roles
    Yimin Dong, Honglei Kang, Huiyong Liu, Jia Wang, Qian Guo, Chao Song, Yunlong Sun, Ya Zhang, Honghua Zhang, Zheng Zhang, Hanfeng Guan, Zhong Fang, Feng Li
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HER2 Status and Its Heterogeneity in Gastric Carcinoma of Vietnamese Patient
Dang Anh Thu Phan, Vu Thien Nguyen, Thi Ngoc Ha Hua, Quoc Dat Ngo, Thi Phuong Thao Doan, Sao Trung Nguyen, Anh Tu Thai, Van Thanh Nguyen
J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51(4):396-402.   Published online June 19, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.04.24
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is related to the pathogenesis and poor outcome of numerous types of carcinomas, including gastric carcinoma. Gastric cancer patients with HER2 positivity have become potential candidates for targeted therapy with trastuzumab.
Methods
We investigated 208 gastric cancer specimens using immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescence in situ hybridization and dual in situ hybridization (ISH). We also investigated the concordance between IHC and ISH. The correlation between HER2 status and various clinicopathological findings was also investigated.
Results
In total, 15.9% (33/208) and 24.5% (51/208) of gastric cancers showed HER2 gene amplification and protein overexpression, respectively. A high level of concordance between ISH and IHC analyses (91.3%, κ = 0.76) was found. A significant correlation between HER2 status and intestinal-type (p < .05) and differentiated carcinomas (p < .05) was also noted. The HER2 heterogeneity was high in gastric cancers; we found 68.8% phenotypic heterogeneity and 57.6% genotypic heterogeneity. Heterogeneity in HER2 protein expression and gene amplification showed a close association with diffuse histologic type and IHC 2+.
Conclusions
HER2 protein overexpression and gene amplification were detected in 24.5% and 15.9% of gastric cancer specimens, respectively. Intestinal-type showed a higher level of HER2 protein overexpression and gene amplification than diffuse type. HER2 status also showed a significant relationship with well- and moderately-differentiated carcinomas. The ratio of phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity of HER2 was high in gastric carcinomas and was associated with HER2 IHC 2+ and diffuse histologic type.

Citations

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