Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Review

Distinctive morphological and molecular features of urothelial carcinoma with an inverted growth pattern: Francesca Sanguedolce, Beppe Calò, Marco Chirico, Ugo Falagario, Gian Maria Busetto, Magda Zanelli, Alessandra Bisagni, Maurizio Zizzo, Stefano Ascani, Giuseppe Carrieri, Luigi Cormio; J Pathol Transl Med. 2021;55(4):239-246. Published online June 14, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2021.04.20

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Urothelial carcinoma with an inverted growth pattern (UC-IGP) is a peculiar entity within the spectrum of urothelial lesions. While efforts have been made over the last few decades to unravel its carcinogenesis and relationship with conventional urothelial carcinoma, the exact classification of inverted urothelial lesions is a matter of debate. The morphological features of UC-IGP pose several issues in differential diagnosis with other mostly benign lesions. Various techniques, including immunohistochemistry, UroVysion, and many molecular methods, have been employed to study the exact nature of this lesion. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the morphological and immunophenotypical aspects of UC-IGP. Moreover, we present and discuss the immunohistochemical and molecular markers involved in diagnosis and prognosis of UC-IGP lesions.

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HER2 Expression in Bladder Cancer: A Focused View on Its Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Predictive Role
Francesca Sanguedolce, Magda Zanelli, Andrea Palicelli, Alessandra Bisagni, Maurizio Zizzo, Stefano Ascani, Maria Carmela Pedicillo, Angelo Cormio, Ugo Giovanni Falagario, Giuseppe Carrieri, Luigi Cormio
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(4): 3720. CrossRef
Proteomic-Based Machine Learning Analysis Reveals PYGB as a Novel Immunohistochemical Biomarker to Distinguish Inverted Urothelial Papilloma From Low-Grade Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma With Inverted Growth
Minsun Jung, Cheol Lee, Dohyun Han, Kwangsoo Kim, Sunah Yang, Ilias P. Nikas, Kyung Chul Moon, Hyeyoon Kim, Min Ji Song, Bohyun Kim, Hyebin Lee, Han Suk Ryu
Frontiers in Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Articles

Prognostic Utility of Histological Growth Patterns of Colorectal Lung Oligometastasis: Son Jae Yeong, Min Gyoung Pak, Hyoun Wook Lee, Seung Yeon Ha, Mee Sook Roh; J Pathol Transl Med. 2018;52(2):98-104. Published online February 12, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.12.27

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Abstract PDF

Background
Patients with resectable colorectal lung oligometastasis (CLOM) demonstrate a heterogeneous oncological outcome. However, the parameters for predicting tumor aggressiveness have not yet been fully investigated in CLOM. This study was performed to determine the prognostic value of histological growth patterns in patients who underwent surgery for CLOM.
Methods
The study included 92 patients who were diagnosed with CLOM among the first resection cases. CLOMs grow according to three histological patterns: aerogenous, pushing, and desmoplastic patterns. The growth patterns were evaluated on archival hematoxylin and eosin–stained tissue sections.
Results
The aerogenous pattern was found in 29.4% (n=27) of patients, the pushing pattern in 34.7% (n=32), the desmoplastic pattern in 6.5% (n=6), and a mix of two growth patterns in 29.4% (n=27). The size of the aerogenous pattern was significantly smaller than that of metastases with other patterns (p=.033). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that patients showing an aerogenous pattern appeared to have a poorer prognosis, which was calculated from the time of diagnosis of the CLOM (p=.044). The 5-year survival rate from the diagnosis of colorectal cancer tended to be lower in patients with an aerogenous pattern than in those who had a non-aerogenous pattern; however, the difference was marginally significant (p=.051). In the multivariate Cox analysis, the aerogenous pattern appeared as an independent predictor of poor overall survival (hazard ratio, 3.122; 95% confidence interval, 1.196 to 8.145; p=.020).
Conclusions
These results suggest that the growth patterns may play a part as a histology-based prognostic parameter for patients with CLOM.

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Predicting liver metastases growth patterns: Current status and future possibilities
Rui Caetano Oliveira, Henrique Alexandrino, Maria Augusta Cipriano, Filipe Caseiro Alves, José Guilherme Tralhão
Seminars in Cancer Biology.2021; 71: 42. CrossRef
Histological growth patterns and molecular analysis of resected colorectal lung metastases
Emanuela Pilozzi, Damiano Fedele, Andrea Montori, Laura Lorenzon, Valentina Peritore, Giorgia Mannocchi, Nikta Bagheri, Chiara Leone, Antonio Palumbo, Michela Roberto, Giulio Ranazzi, Erino Rendina, Genoveffa Balducci, Mohsen Ibrahim
Pathology - Research and Practice.2021; 222: 153414. CrossRef

Association between the Expresson of MMP-2 and TIMP-2, and Growth Pattern of Tumor Border, Lymph Node Metastasis, and Estrogen Receptor in the Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast.: Soo Kee Min, Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu, Young Up Cho, Bom Woo Yeom; Korean J Pathol. 2000;34(5):366-373.

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Abstract PDF: The most important prognostic factor of breast cancer is the status of lymph node or distant metastasis, which is resisted by basement membrane and stromal matrix. MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)-2 is a 72-kilodalton type IV collagenase/ gelatinase and degrades the type IV collagen which is a main component of the basement membrane. Therefore, MMP-2 is believed to be one of the key molecule for cancer invasion and metastasis. Enzymatic activity of MMP is inhibited by TIMPs (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase). TIMP-2 forms a complex with latent pro-MMP-2 and inhibits the active forms of MMP-2. The balance of MMPs and TIMPs is suspected as the important factor of invasion and metastasis of the tumor cells. We studied the association between the expression of MMP-2/TIMP-2 and growth pattern of tumor border, lymph node metastasis, and estrogen receptor expression in the 57 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast using immunohistochemical staining methods. The results revealed increased expression of MMP-2 in the infiltrating tumor border and tumors with positive lymph node metastasis and negative estrogen receptor with no statistical significance (p>0.05). But the expression of TIMP-2 was increased in expanding tumor border and tumors with positive lymph node metastasis and negative estrogen receptor without statistical significance (p>0.05).

Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Pathologic Features of 39 Cases A Comparison with Large Hepatocellular Carcinoma.: Yong Il Kim, Geon Kook Lee, Sang Yong Song; Korean J Pathol. 1992;26(2):103-116.

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Abstract PDF: With advance of diagnostic imaging technics, the detection rate of small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become much increased, but the questions whether the growth pattern and histologic nature of the HCC keep maintain the original gross and microscopic features with its advancement of tumor size remain still unclear. We reviewed 39 surgically resected hepatocellular carcinomas(HCCs) with a tumor size less than or equal to 3 cm in diameter(s-HCC), and their gross and microscopic features were compared with the HCCs bigger than 3 cm (i-HCC, 199 cases). Single nodular type(SN) was the most common gross type(60%) in s-HCCs, and was followed by single nodular type with perinodular extension(SNPE; 15.4%), multinodular-discrete type(10.3%) and multinodular-confluent type(5.1%). These figures contrasted to SNPE(42.2%) and SN(20.6%) in the i-HCCs. Of the 39 s-HCCs, 25 cases(64.1%) were encapsulated, and 14 cases(36%) demonstrated intratumoral fibrous septations, being contrasted to the i-HCCs in which fibrous septa formation was mord prominent but complete capsule formation was found only in 40.2% of the larger ones. Microscopically, the trabecular type was the most frequent one(53.9%), and increased with their size while the compact type transformed into trabecular one. Thirty three cases(84.6%) were associated with macronodular cirrhosis. Seropositivity for HBsAg was found in 26 cases(66.6%), and high serum alpha-fetoprotein level over 500 IU/L was found in 15 s-HCC cases(38.4%), while 53.3% in i-HCC. The above results suggest that HCCs change their pathologic features by increase of their size, and a comparison of the details with regard to the possible mechanisms involved is discussed.

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