Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Original Articles

Adjunctive markers for classification and diagnosis of central nervous system tumors: results of a multi-center neuropathological survey in Korea: Yoon Jin Cha, Se Hoon Kim, Na Rae Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(2):165-170. Published online February 20, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2020.02.04

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Background
The revised 4th 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) classification has adopted integrated diagnosis encompassing the histology and molecular features of CNS tumors. We aimed to investigate the immunohistochemistry, molecular testing, and testing methods for diagnosis of CNS tumors in pathological labs of tertiary centers in Korea, and evaluate the adequacy of tests for proper diagnosis in daily practice.
Methods
A survey, composed of eight questions concerning molecular testing for diagnosis of CNS tumors, was sent to 10 neuropathologists working in tertiary centers in Korea.
Results
For diagnosis of astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors, all 10 centers performed isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations testing and 1p/19q loss of heterozygosity. For glioneuronal tumors, immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays for synaptophysin (n = 9), CD34 (n = 7), BRAF(VE1) (n = 5) were used. For embryonal tumors, particularly in medulloblastoma, four respondents used IHC panel (growth factor receptor bound protein 2-associated protein 1, filamin A, and yes-associated protein 1) for molecular subclassification. Regarding meningioma, all respondents performed Ki-67 IHC and five performed telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutation.
Conclusions
Most tertiary centers made proper diagnosis in line with 2016 WHO classification. As classification of CNS tumors has evolved to be more complex and more ancillary tests are required, these should be performed considering the effect of necessity and justification.

Citations

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Exploring the role of epidermal growth factor receptor variant III in meningeal tumors
Rashmi Rana, Vaishnavi Rathi, Kirti Chauhan, Kriti Jain, Satnam Singh Chhabra, Rajesh Acharya, Samir Kumar Kalra, Anshul Gupta, Sunila Jain, Nirmal Kumar Ganguly, Dharmendra Kumar Yadav, Timir Tripathi
PLOS ONE.2021; 16(9): e0255133. CrossRef

Reclassification of Mongolian Diffuse Gliomas According to the Revised 2016 World Health Organization Central Nervous System Tumor Classification: Enkhee Ochirjav, Bayarmaa Enkhbat, Tuul Baldandorj, Gheeyoung Choe; J Pathol Transl Med. 2019;53(5):298-307. Published online August 2, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2019.07.15

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Abstract PDF

Background
The 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors has been modified to incorporate the IDH mutation and 1p/19q co-deletion in the diagnosis of diffuse gliomas. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the feasibility and prognostic significance of the revised 2016 WHO classification of CNS tumors in Mongolian patients with diffuse gliomas.
Methods
A total of 124 cases of diffuse gliomas were collected, and tissue microarray blocks were made. IDH1 mutation was tested using immunohistochemistry, and 1p/19q co-deletion status was examined using fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis.
Results
According to the 2016 WHO classification, 124 cases of diffuse brain glioma were reclassified as follows: 10 oligodendroglioma, IDH^mut and 1p/19q co-deleted; three anaplastic oligodendroglioma, IDH^mut and 1p/19q co-deleted; 35 diffuse astrocytoma, IDH^mut, 11 diffuse astrocytoma, IDH^wt, not otherwise specified (NOS); 22 anaplastic astrocytoma, IDH^mut, eight anaplastic astrocytoma, IDH^wt, NOS; and 35 glioblastoma, IDH^wt, NOS, respectively. The 2016 WHO classification presented better prognostic value for overall survival in patients with grade II tumors than traditional histological classification. Among patients with grade II tumors, those with oligodendroglioma IDH^mut and 1p/19q co-deleted and diffuse astrocytoma IDH^mut showed significantly higher survival than those with diffuse astrocytoma IDH^wt, NOS (p<.01).
Conclusions
Mongolian diffuse gliomas could be reclassified according to the new 2016 WHO classification. Reclassification revealed substantial changes in diagnosis of both oligodendroglial and astrocytic entities. We have confirmed that the revised 2016 WHO CNS tumor classification has prognostic significance in Mongolian patients with diffuse gliomas, especially those with grade II tumors.

Citations

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Targeted next‐generation sequencing of adult gliomas for retrospective prognostic evaluation and up‐front diagnostics
J. K. Petersen, H. B. Boldt, M. D. Sørensen, S. Blach, R. H. Dahlrot, S. Hansen, M. Burton, M. Thomassen, T. Kruse, F. R. Poulsen, L. Andreasen, H. Hager, B. P. Ulhøi, S. Lukacova, G. Reifenberger, B. W. Kristensen
Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology.2021; 47(1): 108. CrossRef

Characteristics of Cutaneous Lymphomas in Korea According to the New WHO-EORTC Classification: Report of a Nationwide Study: Jae Ho Han, Young-Hyeh Ko, Yun Kyung Kang, Wan-Seop Kim, Yoon Jung Kim, Insun Kim, Hyun-Jung Kim, Soo Kee Min, Chan-Kum Park, Chan-Sik Park, Bong-Kyung Shin, Woo Ick Yang, Young-Ha Oh, Jong Sil Lee, Juhie Lee, Tae Hui Lee, Hyekyung Lee, Ho Jung Lee, Yoon Kyung Jeon, Hee Jeong Cha, Yoo-Duk Choi, Chul Woo Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2014;48(2):126-132. Published online April 28, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2014.48.2.126

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Abstract PDF

Background

Previously, cutaneous lymphomas were classified according to either the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) or the World Health Organization (WHO) classification paradigms. The aim of this study was to determine the relative frequency of Korean cutaneous lymphoma according to the new WHO-EORTC classification system.

Methods

A total of 517 patients were recruited during a recent 5 year-period (2006-2010) from 21 institutes and classified according to the WHO-EORTC criteria.

Results

The patients included 298 males and 219 females, and the mean age at diagnosis was 49 years. The lesions preferentially affected the trunk area (40.2%). The most frequent subtypes in order of decreasing prevalence were mycosis fungoides (22.2%), peripheral T-cell lymphoma (17.2%), CD30+ T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder (13.7%), and extranodal natural killer/T (NK/T) cell lymphoma, nasal type (12.0%). Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma accounted for 11.2% of cases, half of which were secondary cutaneous involvement; other types of B-cell lymphoma accounted for less than 1% of cases.

Conclusions

In comparison with data from Western countries, this study revealed relatively lower rates of mycosis fungoides and B-cell lymphoma in Korean patients, as well as higher rates of subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma and NK/T cell lymphoma.

Citations

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The First Case of Acute Myeloid Leukemia With t(10;11)(p13;q21);PICALM-MLLT10 Rearrangement Presenting With Extensive Skin Involvement
Min-Seung Park, Hyun-Young Kim, Jae Joon Lee, Duck Cho, Chul Won Jung, Hee-Jin Kim, Sun-Hee Kim
Annals of Laboratory Medicine.2023; 43(3): 310. CrossRef
Recent advances on cutaneous lymphoma epidemiology
G. Dobos, M. Miladi, L. Michel, C. Ram-Wolff, M. Battistella, M. Bagot, A. de Masson
La Presse Médicale.2022; 51(1): 104108. CrossRef
Specific cutaneous infiltrates in patients with haematological neoplasms: a retrospective study with 49 patients
Rebeca Calado, Maria Relvas, Francisca Morgado, José Carlos Cardoso, Oscar Tellechea
Australasian Journal of Dermatology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Epidemiology of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 16,953 Patients
Gabor Dobos, Anne Pohrt, Caroline Ram-Wolff, Céleste Lebbé, Jean-David Bouaziz, Maxime Battistella, Martine Bagot, Adèle de Masson
Cancers.2020; 12(10): 2921. CrossRef
Primary cutaneous lymphoma in Argentina: a report of a nationwide study of 416 patients
Alejandra Abeldaño, Paula Enz, Matias Maskin, Andrea B. Cervini, Natallia Torres, Ana C. Acosta, Marina Narbaitz, Silvia Vanzulli, Mirta Orentrajch, Marta A. Villareal, Maria L. Garcia Pazos, Mariana Arias, Evelyn A. Zambrano Franco, Maria I. Fontana, Rob
International Journal of Dermatology.2019; 58(4): 449. CrossRef
Post-thymic CD4 positive cytotoxic T cell infiltrates of the skin: A clinical and histomorphologic spectrum of the unique CD4 positive T cell of immunosenescence
Cynthia M. Magro, Luke C. Olson, Shabnam Momtahen
Annals of Diagnostic Pathology.2019; 38: 99. CrossRef
Cutaneous lymphomas in Taiwan: A review of 118 cases from a medical center in southern Taiwan
Chaw-Ning Lee, Chao-Kai Hsu, Kung-Chao Chang, Cheng-Lin Wu, Tsai-Yun Chen, Julia Yu-Yun Lee
Dermatologica Sinica.2018; 36(1): 16. CrossRef
Imaging analysis of superficial soft tissue lymphomas
In Sook Lee, You Seon Song, Seung Hyun Lee, Young Jin Choi, Sung Moon Lee
Clinical Imaging.2018; 49: 111. CrossRef
Epidemiologic, clinical and demographic features of primary cutaneous lymphomas in Castilla‐La Mancha, Spain: are we different?
C. Ramos‐Rodríguez, M. García‐Rojo, G. Romero‐Aguilera, M. García‐Arpa, L. González‐López, M.P. Sánchez‐Caminero, J. González‐García, M. Delgado‐Portela, M.P. Cortina‐De La Calle, M.F. Relea‐Calatayud, F. Martín‐Dávila, R. López‐Pérez, M. Ramos‐Rodríguez
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphomas are more frequently T rather than NK lineage based on T-cell receptor gene, RNA, and protein studies: lineage does not predict clinical behavior
Mineui Hong, Taehee Lee, So Young Kang, Suk-Jin Kim, Wonseog Kim, Young-Hyeh Ko
Modern Pathology.2016; 29(5): 430. CrossRef
Cutaneous lymphoma: Kids are not just little people
Katalin Ferenczi, Hanspaul S. Makkar
Clinics in Dermatology.2016; 34(6): 749. CrossRef

Differences in Expression of VEGF-A, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 and Microvessel Density in Colorectal Cancer with Liver Metastasis.: Eun Hui Jeong, Young Kim, Byeong Woo Min, Kyung Hwa Lee, Hyun Soo Kim, Jae Hyuk Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(6):571-580.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.6.571

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant neoplasms and is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Metastasis to the liver is a frequent event in patients with CRC. An essential step in the metastatic cascade is angiogenesis.
METHODS
This study included 45 patients who underwent a partial colectomy with hepatic resection for CRC with hepatic metastases. Immunohistochemistry was performed using vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-1, VEGFR-2, and CD34 antibodies to examine the relationship between CRC with liver metastases and angiogenesis.
RESULTS
CRC showed significantly stronger expression of VEGF-A, VEGFR-1, and VEGFR-2 than liver metastases (p < 0.05). Microvessel density was also higher in CRC than in liver metastases (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Compared with previous studies, we found a higher expression of VEGF-A, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and microvessel density in CRC than in liver metastases, which could be ascribed to a difference in vessel distribution and blood supply in each organ. Given its profuse blood supply and distinct cell populations, the liver might provide a rich milieu for tumor cell growth with less expression of angiogenesis-inducing agents.

Immunophenotype of Thymic Epithelial Tumors According to the New World Health Organization Classification.: Sung Hye Park, Han Seong Kim, Han Kyeom Kim, Bong Kyung Shin, Seung Mo Hong, Jae Y Ro; Korean J Pathol. 2001;35(4):278-285.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
To identify the expression patterns and usefulness of various antibodies in making diagnoses and predicting prognoses, an immunohistochemical study was performed on thymic epithelial tumors (TETs).
METHODS
Forty-two cases of TETs were reclassified according to the new World Health Organization (WHO) classifications. CD3, CD5, CD79a, CD99, pan-, high- and low-molecular weight cytokeratins, EMA, vimentin, MIB-1 (Ki67) and p53 immunostaining were carried out.
RESULTS
There were two, twelve, eight, two, thirteen and one case for type A, AB, B1, B2, B3 and C, respectively. Combined B1/B2 and B2/B3 were 2 cases each. Fourteen cases (33.3%) had myasthenia gravis. CD99 was immunoreactive mainly in cortically derived lymphocytes, while CD3 and CD5 were immunoreactive in medullary-derived lymphocytes. CD5 immunoreactivity was negative in all thymic epithelial cells, except for one case of type B3. MIB-1 indices were highly expressed in cortical lymphocytes and some thymic epithelial cells, but did not show any correlation with grades. p53 in thymic epithelial cells was expressed in 6 (46%) out of 13 cases of type B3 and one case of type C, and it was negative in all other subtypes.
CONCLUSIONS
Only p53 was helpful for predicting high grades (B3 and C) (P<0.05). By MIB-1 indices, we could tell how many cortical immature lymphocytes were occupied in TETs, however, grading could not be achieved.

Immunohistochemical Study of Calponin, Smooth Muscle Myosin Heavy Chain, Cytokeratin 34E12, and p53 in Papillary Neoplasm of the Breast.: Jaejung Jang, In Ae Park; Korean J Pathol. 2001;35(5):408-415.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The most important feature distinguishing intraductal papilloma (IDP) from papillary carcinoma is the presence of uniform myoepithelial cells (MECs) within the lesion.
METHODS
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for calponin, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SMMHC), cytokeratin 34E12, and p53 were performed on 37 IDP, 4 intraductal papillary carcinomas (IDPCA), 5 microinvasive papillary carcinomas, and 5 invasive papillary carcinomas (IPCA), respectively.
RESULTS
The mean age of the patients was 43 (43.3+/-11.6) years. Cytokeratin 34E12 was expressed in epithelial cells (84%) as well as in MECs (23%) of IDP. The expression of SMMHC was significantly reduced in the intraductal and invasive papillary carcinoma (p=0.001). The expression of calponin was also significantly reduced (P<0.001) as IDP 95%, IDPCA 76%, microinvasive papillary carcinoma 39%, and IPCA 8%, respectively. p53 over-expression was noted in 3 (one IDP and two IPCA) of 51 cases.
CONCLUSIONS
Because MECs were significantly reduced with malignant progression, calponin and SMMHC were very useful markers for differentiating between benign and malignancy in the papillary neoplasm. Calponin was more sensitive than SMMHC and was an excellent ancillary test for assessing MECs and for detecting microinvasion.

Neoplastic Diseases of the Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues: New World Health Organization Classification.: Woo Ick Yang; Korean J Pathol. 2002;36(3):137-145.

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Abstract PDF: Encouraged by the success of the Revised European American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms (REAL) which was published in 1994 by th International Lymphoma Study Group (ILSG), the European Association of Pathologists and the Society for Hematopathology have started a collaborative classification project in 1995 under the auspices of World Health Organization (WHO). The two collaborators employed the same consensus building process used by ILSG for the REAL to the classification of myeloid, histocytic/dendritic, and mast cell neoplasms and listed real biologic entities defined by morphologic, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and and clinical findings. In contrast to the REAL, Clinical Advisory Committee composed of expert hematologists and oncologists evaluated the clinical relevance of the classification scheme proposed by the pathologists before the publication of new WHO classification of hematologic malignancies. While the classification of lymphoid neoplasms contained minor changes compared with the REAL, there were major changes in the classification system of myeloid neoplasms compared with the previously used French-American-British (FAB) classification. The new WHO classification of hematologic malignancies, published last year, is a product of the first true worldwide consensus among leading pathologists and clinicians alike, and it overcomes the drawbacksof old fashioned classification schemes; therefore, we can expect progress in the understanding and treatment of hematologic malignancies.

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