In an attempt to elucidate the relationship of PAS-positive material of circulating Iymphocytes to the numbers of circulating lymphocytes in various diseases, the author investigated changes in periodic acid-Schiff reaction and absolute count of the circulating lymphocytes in 79 cases of the patients with various diseases and 18 healthy persons. The results thus obtained were summarized as follows: In the patients with Pulmonary tuberculosis, typhoid fever, nephritis, pleurisy, meningitis, CVA, essential hypertension, liver cirrhosis, hepatoina, drug intoxication, diabetes mellitus, and peptic ulcer, the PAS-positive material in the circulating lymphocytes significantly increased. This increase in the PAS-positive material in the circulating lymphocytes was not related to the number of the circulating lymphocytes. It was suggested that the PAS positive material of circulating lymphocytes may be influenced by some substance, which would be related to any immunological reaction and produce in various diseases.