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Alpha1-antitrypsin(AAT) is an alpha-1-globulin with a molecular weight of approximately 54,100. This glycoprotein inhibits trypisn, elastase, collagenase and proteolytic enzymes from human leukocytes. Increased AAT levels have been found in patients who have various neoplastic diseases; however, association of the enzyme with adenocarcinoma of the stomach and chronic peptic ulcer of the stomach has been studied to a very limited extent. To determine if a significant association exists with peptic ulcer and stomach cancer, serum AAT levels were measured in 30 patients with peptic ulcer and 30 patients with stomach cancer, as well as in 40(20 males and 20 females) healthy adults as control. Authors determined the serum levels of AAT by single radial immunodiffusion method. The results obtained are as follows: 1) The mean value of serum AAT concentration of the normal Korean adult group(from 20 to 60 years old) is 227±42.3㎎/㎗ and no significant difference between males(229±47㎎/㎗) and females (225±36㎎/㎗) is observed(p>0.05). 2) The mean value of serum AAT concentration in total patients with peptic ulcer(320±108.7㎎/㎗) is slightly increased(p<0.05) and the mean value in patients with peptic ulcer with perforation is significantly increased(p<0.05), as much as twice compared with that of normal value. And the value in patients with peptic ulcer without perforation is not significantly increased(p>0.05). 3) The mean value of serum AAT concentration in total patients with stomach cancer (405±122.4㎎/㎗) is significantly increased(p<0.05), as much as 1.8 times compared with that of normal value, but no significant difference between stomach cancer with metastasis and stomach cancer without metastasis is observed(p>0.05).