Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Kyu Sang Song

11 Articles

Lymphocytic Phlebitis of the Stomach: A Case Report with Literature Review.: Meeran Kim, Hyun Jung Lee, Min Kyung Yeo, Young Suk Lee, Hee Seok Moon, Sang Il Lee, June Sik Cho, Kyu Sang Song; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(6):654-658.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.6.654

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Lymphocytic phlebitis of gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a rare diseaes. Approximately 50 cases of lymphocytic phlebitis of the GI tract have been reported. Most of these involved the colon or small intestine and presented as acute abdomen. We report the second case of lymphocytic phlebitis of the stomach. A 73-year-old female complaining of dizziness had endoscopic and computed tomography findings strongly suggested gastric cancer, while gastric biopsy was negative for carcinoma. The partial gastrectomy specimen showed lymphocytic phlebitis involving veins in the submucosa, muscularis propria, and serosa while the adjacent arteries were spared. The veins were mainly surrounded by lymphocytes. When a patient has a lesion in the GI tract that is suggesting cancer without biopsies revealing any carcinoma, the pathologist should recommend a deeper biopsy for a proper examination of the submucosa.

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A case report of gastric lymphocytic phlebitis, a rare mimic for malignancy
Daniel L. Chan, Praveen Ravindran, Dorothy Chua, Jason D. Smith, King S. Wong, Michael A. Ghusn
International Journal of Surgery Case Reports.2017; 41: 269. CrossRef

A Standardized Pathology Report for Colorectal Cancer.: Hee Jin Chang, Cheol Keun Park, Woo Ho Kim, Young Bae Kim, Youn Wha Kim, Ho Guen Kim, Han Ik Bae, Kyu Sang Song, Mee Soo Chang, Hee Kyung Chang, Yang Seok Chae; Korean J Pathol. 2006;40(3):193-203.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
AND METHODS: For standardizing the pathology report and diagnosis of colorectal cancers, the Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists has developed a pathology reporting format for colorectal cancer in collaboration with the Korean Society of Coloproctology.
RESULTS
The diagnostic parameters are divided into two parts: the standard part and the optional part. The standard part contains most of the items listed in the Japanese classification, the TNM classification by AJCC, and the WHO classification. We included detailed descriptions on each item.
CONCLUSIONS
The standardized pathology report for colorectal cancers is adequate for its application to routine surgical pathology reports, and it is also helpful to decrease the discrepancies that occur during the pathologic diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Furthermore, this reporting format could encourage nationwide multi-center collaborative studies.

Histiocytic Sarcoma of Rectum: A Case Report.: Moon Il Park, Kyu Sang Song, Dae Young Kang; Korean J Pathol. 2006;40(2):156-159.

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Abstract PDF: We present a case of a 44 year-old man with histiocytic sarcoma arising from the rectum. Histiocytic sarcoma is a rare type of malignant lymphoma, comprising less than 0.5% of all non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs). In this case, the tumor was a polypoid mass, measuring 2.5 x 2 cm. On microscopic examination, it was composed of many bizarre multinucleated cells and sheets of xanthomatous histiocytes. There were also areas with spindle cells arranged in a storiform pattern. Extensive metastases to regional lymph nodes were found, and combined adjuvant chemotherapy was administered after complete resection.

A Standardized Pathology Report for Gastric Cancer.: Woo Ho Kim, Cheol Keun Park, Young Bae Kim, Youn Wha Kim, Ho Guen Kim, Han Ik Bae, Kyu Sang Song, Hee Kyung Chang, Hee Jin Chang, Yang Seok Chae; Korean J Pathol. 2005;39(2):106-113.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
AND METHODS: The Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists developed a standardized pathology reporting format for gastric cancer in collaboration with the Korean Gastric Cancer Association. RESULTS: The diagnostic parameters are divided into two part: the standard part and the optional part. The standard part contains most of the items listed in the Japanese classification, the TNM classification by UICC, the WHO classification, and the Korean Gastric Cancer Association classification. Therefore, the standard part is adequate for routine surgical pathology service. We included detailed descriptions on each item.
CONCLUSIONS
The authors anticipate that this standardization can improve the diagnostic accuracy and decrease the discrepancies that occur in the pathologic diagnosis of gastric cancer. Furthermore, the standard format can encourage large scale multi-institutional collaborative studies.

Analyses of Genetic Alterations in Breast Cancers by Comparative Genomic Hybridization.: Jin Man Kim, Young Mi Jeon, Young Hyeh Ko, Kyu Sang Song, Howe J Ree, Joo Seob Keum, Jae Hyuk Lee, Sun Hoe Koo; Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(8):603-613.

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Abstract PDF: Transformation and progression of breast cancer are thought to be caused by an accumulation of complex genetic alterations, but little is known about specific changes. In this study, the author has undertaken a genome-wide screening to detect genetic changes in 20 cases of breast cancer among Koreans, including 16 infiltrating ductal carcinomas, 2 medullary carcinomas, 1 invasive lobular carcinoma, and 1 borderline phyllodes tumor. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was used to screen for DNA sequence gains and losses across all human chromosomes. Simultaneous immunohistochemical staining for c-erbB-2 (Her-2/neu), c-myc, cyclin D1, and p53 protein was done to make comparisons with nuclear grade and that with CGH results. Biotin-labeled tumor DNA and digoxigenin-labeled normal DNA were hybridized to normal metaphase cells. The fluorescence signals were captured by fluorescence microscope after detection by avidin-FITC and anti-digoxigenin rhodamine. Then, the ratio of fluorescence was calculated by an image analyzer. The immunohistochemical staining was done in paraffin-embedded tissue with an LSAB kit and avidin-biotin complex (ABC) method. The CGH results showed gains on chromosomes 8q (40%), 1q (30%), 17q (15%), 20q (15%), 18q (15%), 5p (15%), and 13q (15%). Deletions were on chromosomes 17p (45%) and 22q (20%). High-level amplifications (green/red ratio >1.5) were noted on chromosomes 1p31, 1q, 3q25-qter, 5p, 7q31-qter, 8q, 9p22-qter, 10p, 11p, 11q22-qter, 12p, 12q24, 14q21-qter, 15q23-qter, 17q, 18p, 18q12-qter, 20p, and 20q. By comparison with infiltrating ductal carcinoma, the two medullary carcinomas showed high-level amplification on chromosomes 1p31, 1q, 8q, 10p, 11p and 12p. c-erbB-2, c-myc, cyclin D1, and p53 protein expression was immunohistochemically detected in 9 of 20 (45%), 8 of 20 (40%), 10 of 20 (50%), and 13 of 20 (65%), respectively. The results indicate that the amplification on chromosome 8q, 1q and the deletions on chromosomes 17p and 22q are the most frequent genetic alterations in breast cancers among Koreans. The results reveal a different pattern of genetic alteration from previous studies. The CGH results were not correlated with the immunohistochemical profiles. The amplification pattern of medullary carcinomas was quite different from the pattern of infiltrating ductal carcinomas. The CGH was thought to be very useful in the screening of genetic alterations of solid tumors.

Solitary Fibrous Tumor A clinicopathologic review of five cases.: Bum Kyung Kim, Dong Wook Kang, Kyeong Hee Kim, Seong Ki Min, Jin Man Kim, Kyu Sang Song, Dae Yung Kang, Si Whan Choi; Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(2):115-120.

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Abstract: We experienced five cases of solitary fibrous tumor; two in the pleura, two in the orbital soft tissue, and one in the lung parenchyma. Three patients were male, and the age of the patients ranged from 38 to 71 years (mean age: 53.6). Grossly, the masses were well circumscribed and had varying sizes from 2.5 to 30.0 cm. The cut surfaces were grayish-yellow firm with focal variegated hemorrhage, necrosis, cystic change, and myxoid area. Microscopically, these were characterized by a haphazard proliferation of spindle cells or polygonal cells separated by variable amounts of hyalinized collagen and showed a prominent vascular channels reminiscent of hemangiopericytoma in foci. Immunoperoxidase stains showed a strong reactivity for CD34, and were weakly positive for vimentin. Electron microscopical examination revealed features of fibroblast; spindle to round tumor cells were arranged in groups and surrounded by collagen. Nucleoli were seldom prominent. The cytoplasm contained many microfilaments and a moderate number of cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Malignant Mixed Germ Cell Tumor and Contralateral Gonadoblastoma in Turner's Syndrome, 45, X0/46, XY Karyotype: A case report.: Dong Wook Kang, Jin Man Kim, Kwang Sun Suh, Kyu Sang Song, Dae Yung Kang; Korean J Pathol. 1995;29(1):85-90.

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Abstract PDF: Turner's syndrome results from complete or partial monosomy of the X chromosome and is characterized by hypogonadism or related other congenital anomalies in phenotypic females. In these patients, there are failure to develop normal secondary sex characteristics, amenorrhea, or short stature at puberty and the ovaries are reduced to atrophic fibrous strands devoid of ova and follicles(streak gonads). Individuals with this condition are particularly prone to the development of gonadoblastoma. For this reason, the gonads should be early removed and supplemental estrogen therapy given. We experienced a case of Turner's syndrome, 45, XO/46, XY karyotype in a 20-year-old phenotypic female complained an amenorrhea. On the exploratory laparotomy, the right gonadal mass is sevearly adhered to the adjacent organs and measures 8 x 5 x 5 cm in dimension and 75gm in weight and shows multiple foci of hemorrhage with necrosis. The left streak gonad measures 3.5 x 2 x 1.5 cm in dimension and shows multiple foci of calcification. Microscopically, the right gonadal mass reveals malignant mixed germ cell tumor, composed of endodermal sinus tumor, composed of endodermal sinus tumor with dysgerminoma and gonadoblastoma. The left streak gonad consists of mainly dense fibrous connective tissue and shows some foci of calcification associated with gonadoblastoma. On immunohistochemical and special stainings, the cytoplasm and hyalin droplets of the endodermal sinus tumor component reveal strong positivity to the a-fetoprotein and PAS. After removal of both gonads, the serum level of the a-fetoprotein is markedly down from 1742ng/ml to 2.6 ng/ml.

Effect of Eicosapentaenioc acid and Butyrated hydroxyanisole on Hypercholestrolemic Diet Induced Atherogenesis in Rabbit.: Choong Sik Lee, Jeung Mok Choi, Sung Ki Min, Kyu Sang Song, Dae Young Kang, Kyu Lym; Korean J Pathol. 1994;28(3):235-245.

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Abstract: It has been suggested that the fish oil can reduce atherogenesis in humans and animals, and that peroxidation of lipoproteins may be a major factor causing atherosclerotic lesions. We tested these posibilities in rabbits fed an atherogenic diet by comparing the effect of a eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA: a major component of fish oil)supplement and a butyrated hydroxyanisole(BHA: antioxidant)diet supplement. Tweenty-eight young male New Zealand White rabbits were used in this study. The animals were divided by control, cholesterol fed only, cholesterol + EPA, and cholesterol + BHA groups. The experimental course lasted 12 weeks and animals were sacrificed periodically(2, 5, 8, 12weeks)for quantitative studies of aortic atherosclerosis using light and electron microscopy. Plasma cholesterol levels were determined and lipopreteins were separated periodically. The cholesterol fed only group showed an increased serum cholseterol level and atherosclerotic lesions from 5 weeks of experiments. The EPA supplement resulted in similiar serum cholesterol levels with cholesterol fed only group, but greater lesion than cholesterol fed only group. The BHA supplement resulted in higher serum cholesterol levels except VLDL-cholesterol than EPA supplement group. However, the atherosclerotic lesion was not increased. Our studies support the theory that oxidative modification of lipoproteins is important for the atherogenesis and antioxidant may have a protective effect. However, it failed to show antiatherogenesis effect of fish oil.

Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma: A Case Report.: Seong Ki Min, Dong Wook Kang, Kyu Sang Song, Dae Young Kang, Seong Ho Kim; Korean J Pathol. 1993;27(6):666-669.

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Abstract PDF: Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma is histologically characterized by marked cellular pleomorphism of lipid-laden neoplastic astrocytes and bizarre giant cells showing mitotic figures and high cellularity. Inspite of its ominous-looking microscopic features, howerver, the prognosis is usually favorable. This tumor develops mainly in the supratentorial area of young people and frequently involves the leptomeninges. We experienced a case of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma in 18 year-old-male. In addition to the cellular pleomophism, the prominent reticulin fibers surround the individual tumor cells or the tumor cells nests. Immunohistochemical staining and electron microscopy revealed glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) expression and pericytoplasmic basal lamina in the tumor cells.

Endodermal Sinus Tumor of the Orbit.: Dae Hyun Back, Jin Man Kim, Kwang Sun Suh, Kyu Sang Song, Choong Sik Lee, Dae Young Kang; Korean J Pathol. 1989;23(3):392-395.

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Abstract PDF: An endodermal sinus tumor is a malignant germ cell tumor that usually arises in the gonads, but on rare occasion occurs in extragonadal locations. Our case was that of a 3 year old girl who complained of a rapid growing orbital mass. On histologic examination it revealed the typical picture of an endodermal sinus tumor and it also disclosed a positive reaction for alphafetoprotein using an immunoperoxidase technique. An orbital exenteration was performed followed by chemotheraphy, but the patient died 5 months after the onset of the disease.

Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of the Heart: A case report.: Mi Seon Lee, Kyu Sang Song, Kwang Sun Suh, Dae Young Kang, Young Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1988;22(2):138-144.

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Abstract PDF: A case of a 58-year-old man with malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the right ventricle is reported light and electron microscopically. This is the first case of MFH of the heart in the Korean literature. A tendency for malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the heart to occur in the left atrium of young women is suggested; this sarcoma's usual location is in the soft tissue of elderly men. The tumor consisted of spindle cells arranged in a focal storiform patterns, clusters or sheets of histocyte-like cells, benign and malignant giant cells, inflammatory cells, scattered mitotic figures and anaplasia of stromal cells. In ultrastructure the constituent of cells of the tumor are primitive mesenchymal cells, histiocytoid cells and fibroblast like cells including giant cells.

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