Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Volume 9(1); March 1975

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The Transformation of Reticular Cell into Plasma Cell in the Thymus from Different Age Group of Rats: Sang Ho Kim, Sung Keun Chang, Young Che Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 1975;9(1):1-14.

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Abstract: Generally it is accepted that the plasma cell is transformed from small sensitized lymphocytes when they are met with antigen(Gowans, Roberts, however Fagraeus alleged that the plasma cells are derived from primitive reticular cell. The authors confirmed light and electron-microscopically the formation of plasma cells from reticular cell in the rat thymus after whole body irradiation and cortisone-ACTH-DOCA administration, adrenalectomy which were not immunologic procedures. For this account, we present the aging influence on the transformation of reticular cell into plasma cell. Methods and Materials Albino rats, the age of 1 month, 4 months and 8 months were used. Cortisone acetate (Upjohn) was injected 5mg intramuscularily everyday for 7 days and the rats were sacrificed 24 hours after last injection. The adrenalectomized rats were divided into 2 groups namely; first week group and 3rd week group after adrenalectomy. The thymus from normal rats or the rats received the above mentioned treatment were histologically (methylgreen pyronin and hematoxylin-eosin) and electron-microscopically observed. The results (1) It was confirmed electron-microscopically that the plasma cells were not so many but constant cell element in the thymus from all three different age groups and their distribution is confirmed in both subcapsular region or medulla. (2) A series of transformation from reticular cell into the plasma cell were observed among the newly formed pyroninophilic cells from cortisone treated rats, and the appearance was extremely distinct in the thymus of 1 month or 4 months old rats. (3) After adrenalectomy, prominent proliferation of plasma cell series occured in the rat thymus; the marked increase of mature plasma cell in the thymus from the rats of 1 month or 4 months 3 week after adrenalectomy and from the rats age of 8 months first week or 3rd week after adrenalectomy, however proliferation of transitional form of plasma cell in the thymus from the rats age of 1 month or 4 months first week after adrenalectomy. (4) The mode of plasma cell proliferation after cortisone treatment was almost same in the rats thymus from the both following groups; the one group is the rats treated with cortisone only and the other is the rats received adrenalectomy and cortisone injection.

An Experimental Study on Metaplasia in Tracheo-bronchial Epithelium of Rats, Exposed to Nitrogen Dioxide: Eui Keun Ham; J Pathol Transl Med. 1975;9(1):21-29.

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Abstract: Bronchial epithelial metaplasia of the rats was experimentally studied by mean of inhalation of Nitrogen Dioxide (1,000ppm, 500ppm and 100ppm in concentration). Used animals were healthy adult rats weighing about 250gm and having no pulmonasy diseases. No₂ gas was administered according to the exposure chamber and 10 sections were taken from the definite sites of the trachea and main bronchi of lungs. The following results and conclusions were made. 1. In the group of control(0 ppm NO2) was net observed any typical squamous metaplasia of bronchial epithelium in the course of time. 2. In the group which was exposed to the NO2 gas, the incidence of epithelial metaplasia of trachea and bronchi was approximately 83 per cent. Male rat (93% positive) showed definite high positivity compared to the female rat (78% positivity). 3. In the groups which was exposed for long time (-average 74hrs-90% positive), metaplastic tendency was apparently increased compared to that of short term exposure groups(-average 6 and 7hrs-78% positive). But invasiveness of metaplasia was relatively high and especially conspicuous in the groups of high No₂ concentration (1, 000ppm and 500ppm). 4. Observation on distribution of metaplasia indicated that site prepondence was trachea, carina and right upper lobe bronchus in orders, which were proximal parts of tracheobronchial tree. But on range of metaplasia, failed to indicate any specificity. 5. In the group which was exposed to No₂ gas epithelial finidings to be consistent with atypical metaplasia or carcinoma in situ were not observed.

The Histopathologic Study of Atypical Lesion in the Benign and Cancer Breasts: Woon Sup Han, Tae Sung Kim, In Joon Choi, Yoo Bok Lee, Dong Sik Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 1975;9(1):31-36.

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Abstract: Many publications for correlative studies and a possible relationship of benign conditions and carcinoma of the breasts have been reported for many years. Quite recently 1974, there has been presented the atypical lesion as precancerous lesion of the breast. For this interesting reason, histopathologic study of atypical lesion was performed to compare frequency both in the benign lesions and in the remaining tissues of breast cancer, for 15 years from Jan. 1960 to Sept. 1974, with the histopathologic criteria by Ashikari et al. (1974) A total of 17 cases of atypical lesion were found both in the benign and cancer breasts; the mean age was 45; there were found in 3% of the benign breast lesions and in 5.5% of the remaining breast tissues of breast cancer. The conditions of periductal elastic fiber in atypical lesion are found without difference from the other benign breast lesions. It is not certain that this is definitely precancerous with this limited study, but it can be assumed that this is probably precancerous, and that a special attention both for pathologists and surgeons should be necessary.

Clinical and Histopathological Studies on Trophoblastic Tumors among Korean Women: Dong Wha Lee; J Pathol Transl Med. 1975;9(1):39-52.

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Abstract: Trophoblastic disease represents an inclusive term for hydatidiform mole, choriocarcinoma and chorioadenoma destruens, which is relatively uncommon disease in the United States and Europe, but certain areas of the Asia have greater incidence. Most of the patients are of the extremely poverty-stricken group where-in an inadequate diet is standard. Historically it was Sanger, in 1889, who suggested that there was a special tumor derived from the decidua of pregnancy which he felt was of a sarcomatous nature. In 1895, Marchand demonstrated that these tumors were invariably the sequel to normal pregnancy, abortion, hydatidiform mole, or ectopic pregnancy, and that they were derived from chorionic epithelium. There is still a difference of opinion as to whether hydatidiform mole is to be considered a degenerative or neoplastic lesion. Hertig and Mansell (1956) believe that mole is a degenerative process, though capablitity of neoplastic change. The direct causation of the hydatid process is seemingly deficiency of the circulation to the placental tissue. Chorioadenoma destruens should always follow a molar pregnancy, but exception rarely occurs such as abortion and term delivery. Most pathologists regard chorioadenoma destruens to be morphologically benign, but it causes uterine perforation with consequent intraperitoneal hemorrhage and more frequently transition to the choriocarcinoma than hydatidiform mole, so it can not always be regarded as a benign neoplasm. Scott(1962) suggests that the cause of choriocarcinoma be related to a lack of maternal antibody to retained pregnant tissue, but the cause is still unknown. It is well known that the most common preceding pregnancy type of choriocarcinoma is hydatidiform mole and the hydatidiform mole is transformed of the choriocarcinoma mole and chorionic malignant change is still debated. The prospective study on histological observation of the process from hydatidiform mole to choriocarcinoma by biopsy is impossible and a few reports of retrospecitive study on choriocarcinoma are reported and which are very important. There are several reports on trophoblastic disease among Korean Women based on clinical aspects but there is very little reports on trophoblastic tumors based on pathological aspects. The present study is an attempt to investigate mainly the relationship between histopathological classification, the clinical course and prognosis of hydatidiform mole classified by Eoston and Eagshawe(1972) and choriocarcinoma by Kawashima(1974), using retrospective study because the prospective study for hisological follow up is impossible. Materials and Methods The materials used in this study consist of 209 cases of trophoblastic disease for 14 years from January, 1960 to December, 1973. All specimens were fixed in 10% neutral formalin, paraffin embedded blocks were cut in 5 micron thickness, and sections were stained by hematoxylin-eosin methods and the classification was done on all cases of hydatidiform mole by Elston and Bagshawe(1972) and of choriocarcinoma by Kawashima(1974). For all cases of trophoblastic disease whose clinical records were available, sex age, chief complaints, durations, gravidity, previous pregnancy history, metastatic site, H.C.G. titer and X-ray findings were investigated.
Results
and Summary By histopathological and clinical studies on 209 cases of trophoblastic disease which were submitted to the Department of Pathology, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, during the period of 14 years from January 1960 to December, 1973, following results were obtained. 1. The histological types and respective frequencies of the trophoblastic disease were hydatidiform mole 125 cases, chorioadenoma destruens 25 cases, and choriocarcinoma 59 cases. 2. The histological gradings of hydatidiform mole showes Grade Ⅰ 46.2%, Grade Ⅱ 35.9%, Grade Ⅲ 17.9%, and that of choriocarcinoma were Group Ⅰ 29.5%, Group Ⅱ 41.0% and Group Ⅲ 29.5%. Chorioadenoma destruens was frequently associated with hydatidiform mole, particularly Grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ. 3. The average ages were 32.5 year-old in hydatidiform mole, 39.5 year-old in chorioadenoma destruens, 36.5 year-old in choriocarcinoma. 4. The relationship between histological types and age distribution was not significant in hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma except the frequency of Group Ⅲ choriocarcinoma is apparently low in age group of 20-29. 5. Metastases in choriocarcinoma in order of frequency were lung(79.2%), vagina(45.8%), intestine(20.8%), brain(16.7%), etc. Metastases in chofiocarcinoma were frequent in Group Ⅱ and Ⅲ. In Summary, these findings suggest that the higher grades of hydatidiform mole may closely be related to chorioadenoma destruens and the histological type of trophoblastic disease is correlated with clinical course. Therefore it can be said that the follow-up study based on the histological grading and grouping is considered to be significant.

Separation of Lymphocytes from Human Peripheral Blood: Kui Nyung Yi, Sang In Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 1975;9(1):55-60.

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Abstract: This paper describes a technique for the isolation of lymphocytes from haparinized human peripheral blood. When whole blood was layered on top of a mixture of Ficoll and Isopaque and gradient centrifuged at room temperature, the cellular elements of whole blood were divided into two main parts, a lymphocyte bone in plasma layer and a layer consisting of sedimented granulocytes and erythrocytes at the bottom of the tube. By this method the isolation of viable lymphocyte with 96.6% purity was possible in a short period of time. Impurities found in the lymphocyte zone was granulocytes; 0.2%, monocytes; 2.8%, eosinophils; 0.4%, erythrocytes; less than 5% of total cell counts respectively. Isolating conditions and purities together with detailed directions are presented. It is shown in the present paper that adopting the procedure introduced a lymphocyte suspension of extreme purity with high viability may be obtained for lymphocyte research.

Studies on Values for Blood Cells of Healthy Children in rural area of Korea: Jung Ik Suh, Young Hun Chung; J Pathol Transl Med. 1975;9(1):61-69.

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Abstract: This survey was done on 576 male and 469 female subjects at age ranging from 6 to 12 years who live in rural area. It was carried out between Apr. 15 to Oct. 14, 1974. Eight elementary Schools were chosen which would provide each grade of children from relatively similar socioeconomic group. The number of red blood cells, quantity of hemoglobin, volume of packed cells, the percentage of reticulocytes, the number of white blood cells and their differential lebel had been determined to establish the blood values in the healthy rural Korean children. The indices of mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were calulated according to wintrobe. The results of these studies are summarized in table I to 10 & Fig. I. The hematologic standards should be used as a basis for interpretation until they are superseded by more extensive data of equal or greater accuracy.

Results of Blood Cultures done over a 5 year Period at Yonsei Medical Center: Yunsop Chong, Hye Sook Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 1975;9(1):71-76.

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Abstract: Bacteremia develops during some infections and various bacteria. including opportunistic pathogens, are usually involved. Blood cultures aid etiologic diagnosis and guide treatment by determining antibiotic susceptibility of isolates. Lately, the most frequently isolated organisms are known to be grain-negative bacilli, staphylococci and enterococci, while frequent isolates during the preantibiotic era were well known pathogens such as beta-hemolytic streptococcus, pneumococcus and meningococcus. In this study, laboratory data on blood cultures the years 1969-1973 at Severance hospital were analyzed to determine trends of bacteria isolation. During the 5-year period, 9705 blood cultures from an undetermined number of patients were made and 1,194 positive cultures (799 patients) were obtained. 1. Frequently isolated bacteria in decreasing order were Sal. typhi, Enterobacteriaceae, S.aureus, P. aeruginosa, alpha-hemolytic streptococcus, and enterococcus. 2. Ratio of annual isolation of Enterobacteriaceae to total positive cultures showed a tendency of the organism to increase. 3. Frequently isolated bacteria from pediatric patients were Enterobacteriaceae and S. aureus. In Patients in the 6-49 age group, Sal. typhi was most frequently found and in patients of 50 years and over, it was Enterobacteriaceae. 4. Monthly isolation rate of Sal. typhi showed two peaks; one in June-July and another in November. 5. Polymicrobial bacteremia were found in 2.4% of patients with positive blood cultures. Most of the organisms concerned were those belonging to Enterobacteriaceae. 6. None of the Sal. typhi tested were resistant to chloramphenicol or to ampicillin with Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Many of the isolates of S.aureus and Enerobacteriaceae were resistant to the routinely tested antibiotics.

A Study on the Accuracy and Precision of Laboratory Determinations in 18 Clinical Pathology Departments of Major General Hospitals in Korea(Conducted by The Korean Society of Pathology): Sang-In Kim, Han-Ik Cho; J Pathol Transl Med. 1975;9(1):77-87.

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Abstract: 現在 우리나라 各病院檢査室이 갖고 있는 問題點은 專門醫의 不足, 器機및 試藥획득의 難點, 熟練된 病理技士의 不足등이다. 그러므로 어느 檢査室에서나 各檢査室 나름대로 精度管理를 實施하여 正確한 檢査成續을 算出하기 위해 努力하고 있다. 本硏究의 目的은 各檢査室檢査結果의 신빙도와 개선하여야 할 점을 파악하고 장차 定期的인 檢査室間의 精度管理를 實施하기 위한 一次的인 硏究로 問題點을 파악하고자 하는 것이다. 商品化된 冷凍乾燥血淸檢體 Ⅰ과 Ⅱ(Monitrol I＆Ⅱ), 混合血淸植(pooled serum) 檢體Ⅲ과 商品化된 標準血色素檢體를 18個病院에 보내어 總蛋白, 알부민, 糖, 빌리루빈, 血中尿素性室素(BUN), 알카리성 포스파타제, 크레아티닌, 콜레스테롤, SG0T, 소디움, 포타시움, 염소, 血色素를 測定하였다. 18個病院에서 回答된 檢査結果 932個를 統計처리하여 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다. 1. 檢査方法은 各檢査室마다 血糖과 콜레스테롤 測定法에 많은 差異가 있으며 이미 不正確한 方法으로 公認된 方法을 使用하는 檢査室도 있었다(例 Folio-Wu 血糖測定法), (Table 1). 2. 生化學檢査結果는 全檢査項目을 平均할때 指示値에 對한 許容經度外의 것이 44.2%, 平均値에 對한 許容限度外의 것이 36.2%이다. 血色素는 指示値許容限度外의 것이 21.2%, 平均値許容限度외의 것이 6.1%였다. 特히 크레아티닌, 血中尿素性室素, SGOT 結果에서 許容限度外의 結果가 많았으며 總蛋白, 포타시움, 염소등이 비교적 적었다. 血色素結果는 生化學檢査結果에 比하여 좋은 成積을 나타내었다(Table 2,3). 3. 各種檢査室의 再現度(reproducibility)는 비교적 좋았으나血糖, 염소, 포타시움 이외의 檢査는 各檢査室間의 差異가 있었다. 4. 檢査結果로 擴散度表를 作成한 結果 많은 檢査室의 成積이 正確度와 精密度가 부족하였으며 再現度는 비교적 좋았다(Fig. 1-12). 5. 商品化된 冷凍乾燥血淸과 混合血淸의 有用性을 比較한 結果混合血淸도 檢査室間精度管理에 使用할 수 있다는 結論을 얻었다(Table 8). 이상의 結果를 綜合하면 현재 우리나라 各病院檢査室의 正確度와 精密度가 부족하다는 結論을 얻을 수 있으므로 精度管理에 영향을 주는 器機, 試藥및 檢査方法等의 전면적인 개선 이 요청되고, 2) 各檢査室에서 관심을 갖고 필수적으로 精度管理를 實施하여야한다 3) 또한 精度管理를 實施할 수 있도록 標準血淸의 수입 또는 國內製造가 이루어져야 하며 4) 믿을 만한 標準檢査室이 設置되여 大小檢査室을 지원하여야 한다. 標準檢査室役活은 各大學病院과 綜合病院에서 한두가지씩 檢査種目을 분담하여 漂準檢査室役活을 담당하여 해결할 수 있을 것이다. 5) 其外病理學會나 믿을 수 있는 기관에서 主管하여 定期的인 血液檢査, 化學檢査, 細菌동정 等等을 포함한 각종검사에 대한 國內全體의 精度管理를 實施하고 各病院은 여기에 적극 협조하여야 한다.

Intraosseous Lipoma -Report of A Case-: Geung Hwan Ahn; J Pathol Transl Med. 1975;9(1):89-92.

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Abstract: Intraosseous lipoma is an extremely rare tumor in bone. Since the original report of case by Brault, 29 authentic cases of intraosseous lipoma have been reported to the end of 1973. In Korea, even a single case of intraosseous lipoma was not reported. Because ·of the rarity,3 report is presented of a patient who underwent operation with a diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia of fibula; the postoperative pathologic study showed lipoma of bone.

A Case of Malacoplakia -Light and Electronrnicroscopic Study-: Jung Sil Cho, Eung Bum Park, Yoo Bock Lee; J Pathol Transl Med. 1975;9(1):95-99.

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Abstract: A case of malacoplakia involving the urinary bladder and appendiceal peritoneum in a 69 years old female was studied by light and electron microscopy. Light microscopic features were characteristic of classical description, namely massive infiltration of macrophages with large amount of clear cytoplasm numerous PAS positive granules and Michaelis-Gutmann bodies. On electron microscopy, many colliform bacterial structures were noted in the cytoplasm phagosome and phagolysosome of macrophages. Although no transitional stages from phagolysosome into Michaelis-Gutmann body were observed st our study, the presence of bacilli in cytoplasm and phagolysosome strongly supports the Michaelis-Gutmann body is formed by calcification of phagolysosome which engulfed bacilli.

Two Cases of Tuberculous Appendicitis: Choon Won Kim, Kye Sook Lee, Ki Hong Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 1975;9(1):103-106.

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Abstract: Tuberculosis in Korea is one of the prevalent infectious disease, but they have been reported only infrequently in appendix. It was first described histopathologically by Corbin in 1837. Tuberculosis involves the appendix as three ways; hematogenous, ingestion and direct dissemiated from adjacent tissue, but the symptoms and signs of appendicitis is mild or absent, nevertheless, case of tuberculous ·appendicitis is rarely founded in surgical pathology. The authors are presenting two cases of tuberculous appendicitis at Han Yang University Hospital recently. The patient was 34 years old female and admitted with complaint of ovarian tumor on right side without having tuberculous in the body, and 21 years told female patient admitted with mesenteric tuberculosis, respectively. Both of them had an operation of incidental appendectomy, otherwise the patients had no signs or symptoms of appendicitis.

Choriocarcinoma of Stomach: Ok Kyung Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 1975;9(1):107-110.

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Abstract: A case of choriocarcinoma might arise from stomach, metastasis to small intestine, complicating severe G-I Bleeding. The histopathologic findings, Clinical information, brief review of the literature were made.

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