Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Original Article

Interobserver diagnostic reproducibility in advanced-stage endometrial carcinoma: Ho Jin Jung, Soo Yeon Lee, Jin Hwa Hong, Yi Kyeong Chun; J Pathol Transl Med. 2021;55(1):43-52. Published online December 3, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2020.10.04

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Background
The accurate pathologic diagnosis and subtyping of high-grade endometrial carcinoma are often problematic, due to its atypical and overlapping histopathological features.
Methods
Three pathologists reviewed 21 surgically resected cases of advancedstage endometrial carcinoma. The primary diagnosis was based only on hematoxylin and eosin stained slides. When a discrepancy arose, a secondary diagnosis was made by additional review of immunohistochemical (IHC) stains. Finally, three pathologists discussed all cases and rendered a consensus diagnosis.
Results
The primary diagnoses were identical in 13/21 cases (62%). The secondary diagnosis based on the addition of IHC results was concordant in four of eight discrepant cases. Among four cases with discrepancies occurring in this step, two cases subsequently reached a consensus diagnosis after a thorough discussion between three reviewers. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) study was performed in two cases in which it was difficult to distinguish between serous carcinoma and endometrioid carcinoma. Based on the sequencing results, a final diagnosis of serous carcinoma was rendered. The overall kappa for concordance between the original and consensus diagnosis was 0.566 (moderate agreement).
Conclusions
We investigated stepwise changes in interobserver diagnostic reproducibility in advanced-stage endometrial carcinoma. We demonstrated the utility of IHC and NGS study results in the histopathological diagnosis of advanced-stage endometrial carcinoma.

Citations

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Diagnostic Accuracy of Endometrial Sampling Methods for Determining Histologic Type and Grade in Endometrial Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Dina Gumin, Avishalom Sharon, Susana Mustafa Mikhail, Inshirah Sgayer, Raneen Abushqara, Lior Lowenstein, Ala Aiob
Cureus.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Accuracy of endometrial sampling in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer: a multicenter retrospective analysis of the JAGO-NOGGO
Zaher Alwafai, Maximilian Heinz Beck, Sepideh Fazeli, Kathleen Gürtler, Christine Kunz, Juliane Singhartinger, Dominika Trojnarska, Dario Zocholl, David Johannes Krankenberg, Jens-Uwe Blohmer, Jalid Sehouli, Klaus Pietzner
BMC Cancer.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Deep Learning for Grading Endometrial Cancer
Manu Goyal, Laura J. Tafe, James X. Feng, Kristen E. Muller, Liesbeth Hondelink, Jessica L. Bentz, Saeed Hassanpour
The American Journal of Pathology.2024; 194(9): 1701. CrossRef
Application of NGS molecular classification in the diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma: A supplement to traditional pathological diagnosis
Qunxian Rao, Jianwei Liao, Yangyang Li, Xin Zhang, Guocai Xu, Changbin Zhu, Shengya Tian, Qiuhong Chen, Hui Zhou, Bingzhong Zhang
Cancer Medicine.2023; 12(5): 5409. CrossRef
Risk Stratification of Endometrial Cancer Patients: FIGO Stage, Biomarkers and Molecular Classification
Jenneke C. Kasius, Johanna M. A. Pijnenborg, Kristina Lindemann, David Forsse, Judith van Zwol, Gunnar B. Kristensen, Camilla Krakstad, Henrica M. J. Werner, Frédéric Amant
Cancers.2021; 13(22): 5848. CrossRef

Review

Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Female Reproductive Tract: A Literature Review: Yi Kyeong Chun; J Pathol Transl Med. 2015;49(6):450-461. Published online October 13, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2015.09.20

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Abstract PDF

Neuroendocrine tumors of the female reproductive tract are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that display various histologic findings and biologic behaviors. In this review, the classification and clinicopathologic characteristics of neuroendocrine tumors of the female reproductive tract are described. Differential diagnoses are discussed, especially for non-neuroendocrine tumors showing high-grade nuclei with neuroendocrine differentiation. This review also discusses recent advances in our pathogenetic understanding of these disorders.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNEN) of the cervix in a 38-year-old female: a case report and review of literature
Josh Matthew B. Chen, Denise B. Andal, Benedict Jose P. Canora, Claire Anne Therese M. Hemedez
Human Pathology Reports.2026; 43: 300815. CrossRef
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Morphology, WHO 2022 Grading, and Prognostic Perspectives
Hussein Qasim, Shaima' Dibian, Mohammad Abu Shugaer, Karis Khattab, Mudhaffer Touqan, Matteo Luigi Giuseppe Leoni , Giustino Varrassi
Cureus.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
A rare case report of primary ovarian carcinoid presenting with constipation
Xiaofeng Deng, Qian Huang, Bangfang Xie, Hailong Huang, Jianguo Chen
Frontiers in Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical, pathological characteristics, and therapeutic outcomes of primary ovarian carcinoid tumors: a case series of 15 cases
Xinyue Dai, Suidan Chen, Simeng Yang
World Journal of Surgical Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Smart Red Blood Cell Carriers: A Nanotechnological Approach to Cancer Drug Delivery
Ioannis Tsamesidis, Georgios Dryllis, Sotirios P. Fortis, Andreas Sphicas, Vasiliki Konstantinidou, Maria Chatzidimitriou, Stella Mitka, Maria Trapali, Petros Skepastianos, Anastasios G. Kriebardis, Ilias Pessach
Current Issues in Molecular Biology.2025; 47(9): 711. CrossRef
Imaging of Gynecologic Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Case-Based Pictorial Essay
Ana Paula Bavaresco, Ulysses S. Torres, Mayara S. Cruz, Vitor V.C. Machado, Cynthia L.P. Borborema, Giovanna S. Torre, Jhonata Soares Da Silva, Tulio A. Kawai, Gustavo R.A. Focchi, Eduardo O. Pacheco, Aley Talans, Daniel Bekhor, Ana Paula C. Moura, Lucas
Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Challenges in Diagnosis and Management of Ovarian Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: A Case of Aggressive Disease With Multimodal Treatment Approach
Javeria Haider, Humera Mahmood, Muhammad Faheem, Shaista Khurshid, Abdullah, Biruk Demisse Ayalew, Humza Saeed
Clinical Case Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Neuroendocrine Marker Expression in Primary Non-neuroendocrine Epithelial Tumors of the Ovary: A Study of 551 Cases
Michaela Kendall Bártů, Kristýna Němejcová, Romana Michálková, Quang Hiep Bui, Jana Drozenová, Pavel Fabian, Oluwole Fadare, Jitka Hausnerová, Jan Laco, Radoslav Matěj, Gábor Méhes, Adam Šafanda, Naveena Singh, Petr Škapa, Zuzana Špůrková, Simona Stolnicu
International Journal of Gynecological Pathology.2024; 43(2): 123. CrossRef
Diagnostic and therapeutic challenge of neuroendocrine endometrial carcinoma: a case report
Hariyono Winarto, David Calvin, Fitriyadi Kusuma, Kartiwa Hadi Nuryanto, Yuri Feharsal, Dewita Nilasari, Hartono Tjahjadi
The Pan African Medical Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Neuroendocrine carcinoma of ovary: Hitherto rare entity in primary ovarian tumors
Md A. Osama, Seema Rao, Punita Bhardwaj, Geeta Mediratta, Sunita Bhalla, Sonia Badwal
Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology.2023; 66(4): 855. CrossRef
Mixed neuroendocrine–non-neuroendocrine neoplasm with mucinous adenocarcinoma and amphicrine carcinoma components in the bile duct: an autopsy case
Toji Murabayashi, Yoshihide Kanno, Takashi Odaira, Shinsuke Koshita, Takahisa Ogawa, Hiroaki Kusunose, Toshitaka Sakai, Keisuke Yonamine, Kazuaki Miyamoto, Fumisato Kozakai, Kazuki Endo, Yutaka Noda, Takashi Sawai, Kei Ito
Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 16(2): 310. CrossRef
Coexistence of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Strumal Carcinoid Arising from Struma Ovarii in Pregnant Women: a Case Report and Review
Myungsoo Im, Doohwa Kim, Soree Ryang, Bo Hyun Kim
International Journal of Thyroidology.2023; 16(1): 134. CrossRef
Role of radiotherapy in the management of rare gynaecological cancers
R. Morcet-Delattre, S. Espenel, P. Tas, C. Chargari, A. Escande
Cancer/Radiothérapie.2023; 27(8): 778. CrossRef
Small cell carcinoma of the ovary, pulmonary type: A role for adjuvant radiotherapy after carboplatin and etoposide?
Anase S. Asom, Ricardo R. Lastra, Yasmin Hasan, Lori Weinberg, Gini F. Fleming, Katherine C. Kurnit
Gynecologic Oncology Reports.2022; 39: 100925. CrossRef
MicroRNA and Metabolic Profiling of a Primary Ovarian Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Pulmonary-Type Reveals a High Degree of Similarity with Small Cell Lung Cancer
Stefano Miglietta, Giulia Girolimetti, Lorena Marchio, Manuela Sollazzo, Noemi Laprovitera, Sara Coluccelli, Dario De Biase, Antonio De Leo, Donatella Santini, Ivana Kurelac, Luisa Iommarini, Anna Ghelli, Davide Campana, Manuela Ferracin, Anna Myriam Perr
Non-Coding RNA.2022; 8(5): 64. CrossRef
Neuroendocrine Carcinomas of the Uterine Cervix, Endometrium, and Ovary Show Higher Tendencies for Bone, Brain, and Liver Organotrophic Metastases
Hyung Kyu Park
Current Oncology.2022; 29(10): 7461. CrossRef
Uterine carcinoma admixed with neuroendocrine carcinoma
Maria Victoria Olinca, Anca Potecă, Elvira Brătilă, Mihai Mitran
Ginecologia.ro.2022; 4(38): 32. CrossRef
The puzzle of gynecologic neuroendocrine carcinomas: State of the art and future directions
Giuseppe Caruso, Carolina Maria Sassu, Federica Tomao, Violante Di Donato, Giorgia Perniola, Margherita Fischetti, Pierluigi Benedetti Panici, Innocenza Palaia
Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology.2021; 162: 103344. CrossRef
Pitfalls and challenges in managing neuroendocrine carcinoma of gynecological origin: A case series and brief review
Lauren E. Farmer, Rutmi U. Goradia, Nisha A. Lakhi
Clinical Case Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Primary mixed large cell neuroendocrine and high grade serous carcinoma of the endometrium
Liesel Elisabeth Hardy, Zia Chaudry, King Wan, Chloe Ayres
BMJ Case Reports.2020; 13(9): e234977. CrossRef
Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the endometrium: Disease course, treatment, and outcomes
Kathryn Schlechtweg, Ling Chen, Caryn M. St. Clair, Ana I. Tergas, Fady Khoury-Collado, June Y. Hou, Alexander Melamed, Alfred I. Neugut, Dawn L. Hershman, Jason D. Wright
Gynecologic Oncology.2019; 155(2): 254. CrossRef
Peritoneal Fluid Cytology of Disseminated Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Combined with Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma of the Endometrium
Yong-Moon Lee, Min-Kyung Yeo, Song-Yi Choi, Kyung-Hee Kim, Kwang-Sun Suh
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2019; 53(6): 407. CrossRef
Pro-Gastrin Releasing Peptide: A New Serum Marker for Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma
Mine Kiseli, Gamze Sinem Caglar, Asli Yarci Gursoy, Tolga Tasci, Tuba Candar, Egemen Akincioglu, Emre Goksan Pabuccu, Nurettin Boran, Gokhan Tulunay, Haldun Umudum
Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation.2018; 83(6): 540. CrossRef
Tumeur neuroendocrine à petite cellule de l’endomètre : prise en charge originale
E. Galmiche, N. Hudry, P. Sagot, P. Ginod, S. Douvier
Gynécologie Obstétrique Fertilité & Sénologie .2017; 45(6): 381. CrossRef
Twist on a classic: vitamin D and hypercalcaemia of malignancy
Juan C Osorio, Masha G Jones, Nina Schatz-Siemers, Stephanie J Tang
BMJ Case Reports.2017; 2017: bcr-2017-220819. CrossRef
Mixed Neuroendocrine-Nonneuroendocrine Neoplasms (MiNENs): Unifying the Concept of a Heterogeneous Group of Neoplasms
Stefano La Rosa, Fausto Sessa, Silvia Uccella
Endocrine Pathology.2016; 27(4): 284. CrossRef
Neuroendocrine tumours in rare sites: differences in nomenclature and diagnostics—a rare and ubiquitous histotype
Elia Guadagno, Gaetano De Rosa, Marialaura Del Basso De Caro
Journal of Clinical Pathology.2016; 69(7): 563. CrossRef
Primary ovarian neuroendocrine tumor arising in association with a mature cystic teratoma: A case report
Nicolas M. Orsi, Mini Menon
Gynecologic Oncology Reports.2016; 17: 83. CrossRef
Benign Endometrial Polyp and Primary Endometrial Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Confined to the Polyp: A Rare Association
Pembe Oltulu, Ceyhan Uğurluoğlu, Ayşenur Uğur, Sıdıka Fındık, Lema Tavlı
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations.2016;[Epub] CrossRef

Case Reports

Bilateral Frontal Polymicrogyria: An Autopsy Case Report.: Yi Kyeong Chun, Jong Sun Choi, Je G Chi; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45:S62-S65.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.S1.S62

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Abstract PDF: Bilateral frontal polymicrogyria is a recently recognized syndrome characterized by symmetric polymicrogyria of both frontal lobes that presents with delayed motor and language development, spastic quadriparesis, and variable mental retardation. However, the postmortem findings of this syndrome are not fully elaborated. Here we describe an autopsy case of bilateral frontal polymicrogyria in a male fetus delivered at 22 weeks gestation due to extensive chorioamnionitis. The microscopic findings included a thinned cortical plate with fair neuronal maturation. There were no signs of neuronal damage and the white matter was unremarkable.

Liquid-Based Pap Smear Findings of Uterine Cervical Lymphoma: Three Cases Report.: Jiyoung Kim, Hyesun Kim, Sung Ran Hong, Yi Kyeong Chun, Hy Sook Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(4):437-440.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.4.437

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Abstract PDF: Malignant lymphoma of the uterine cervix is rarely diagnosed by cytology because it presents as a subepithelial mass. We report three cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the uterine cervix with a description of liquid-based pap smear (LBP) findings. All patients were presented with cervical masses, but a suspicion of malignant lymphoma was made in only one case by preoperative LBP. The LBP of two cases showed several atypical lymphoid cells in a clear background. The other case revealed numerous atypical lymphoid cells in a necrotic background. Most tumor cells had an increased N/C ratio, round but focally irregular nuclei, coarse chromatin, and prominent nucleoli. Nuclear blebing, dimpling, and multi-lobulation were also found. Diagnosis of malignant lymphoma by LBP is usually more difficult than by conventional techniques, because of a sparse numbers of cells and the lack of necrotic background. However, well preserved morphological features and a better resolution of nuclear details could be the benefits of LBP.

Original Articles

Evaluation of Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions, Cannot Exclude High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions on Cervical Smear.: Sung Ran Hong, Bock Man Kim, Hye Sun Kim, Yi Kyeong Chun, Hy Sook Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(5):528-535.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.5.528

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
We examined cervicovaginal smears that contained definite low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) cells and rare atypical cells suggestive of high-grade SIL (HSIL) (ASC-H) or contained borderline dysplastic cells between LSIL and HSIL. Such lesions were classified as LSIL-H. This study aimed to investigate the cytologic and histologic characteristics of LSIL-H category and we evaluated the associated clinical risk.
METHODS
The histologic outcomes of LSIL-H were compared with those of LSIL and ASC-H. Both the cytologic and histologic findings of LSIL-H that were confirmed as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 (CIN2) or greater (CIN2+) were investigated.
RESULTS
LSIL-H accounted for 0.09% of the Pap tests. On the follow-up histology, the most frequent outcome was CIN2, and the risk of CIN2+ was higher than that for ASC-H. In the cases of LSIL-H that was histologically confirmed as CIN2+, most of the atypical cells suggestive of HSIL were cytologically similar to those of CIN2, and the corresponding cervical tissues were characterized by small CIN2+ lesions in a large background of flat condyloma/CIN1. The LSIL-H cases not confirmed on initial colposcopically-directed biopsy required further follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS
LSIL-H may be a valid diagnostic category with distinctive features that are different from LSIL or ASC-H. LSIL-H needs further follow-up for the proper management.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The Clinical Significance of “Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion of Indeterminate Grade” as a Distinct Cytologic Category
Dorothy Wong, Crystal Teschendorf, Grace Y. Lin, Farnaz Hasteh
American Journal of Clinical Pathology.2012; 137(5): 753. CrossRef

Availability of Immunohistochemistry in the Diagnosis of Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.: Ji Yun Jeong, Jung Sik Jang, Yoon Kyung Sohn, Jin Hyang Jung, Yi Kyeong Chun, Ji Young Park; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(1):48-55.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.1.48

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Making the diagnosis of the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) is often difficult, and there are no accurate immunohistochemical or molecular markers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate performing immunohistochemistry to make the diagnosis of FVPTC.
METHODS
A total of 249 thyroid lesions were studied. We made the tissue microarray, and we assessed the expression of HBME-1, galectin-3, CD56, and p63.
RESULTS
Galectin-3, HBME-1, and p63 were positive in 79.7%, 79.7%, and 15.9% of the FVPTC, respectively. These immunohistochemical features of FVPTC were between those of classic papillary thyroid carcinoma (CPTC) and those of non-PTC. The CD56 expression was positive in 75.4% of the FVPTC, which is much higher than that of the CPTC (28.3%), and even higher than that of the non-PTC lesions (60%). Comparing FVPTC with CPTC, the expression of galectin-3 was significantly higher and the expression of CD56 was significantly lower in the CPTCs. Comparing the FVPTC with follicular carcinoma (FC), the expression of all the markers was significantly higher in the FVPTC. Comparing PTC with FC, the expression of CD56 was lower and the expressions of the other markers were higher in the PTCs.
CONCLUSIONS
Galectin-3, HBME-1, and p63 can help make the diagnosis of FVPTC, and a cocktail of these markers can be even more useful. But CD56 is not thought to be useful to make the diagnosis of FVPTC.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A Case of Multifocal Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Consisting of One Encapsulated Follicular Variant withBRAFK601E Mutation and Three Conventional Types withBRAFV600E Mutation
Wook Youn Kim, Young Sin Ko, Tae Sook Hwang, Hye Seung Han, So Dug Lim, Wan Seop Kim, Seo Young Oh
Korean Journal of Pathology.2013; 47(3): 293. CrossRef

Histologic Correlation of Atypical Glandular Cells in Cervical Smears.: Yi Kyeong Chun, Sung Ran Hong, Hye Sun Kim, Ji Young Kim, Hy Sook Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2009;43(5):453-457.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2009.43.5.453

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
The study evaluated the histologic correlation and clinical significance of atypical glandular cells (AGC) detected either on conventional smears (CS) or liquid-based cytology (LBC).
METHODS
Two hundred and seventy-seven (0.11%) of 261,925 cervical smears were interpreted as AGC by the Bethesda system 2001 from January 2006 to December 2008. Cytohistological correlation was performed on 192 cases.
RESULTS
The prevalence of AGC was 0.07% and 0.13% for CS and LBC smears, respectively. Distribution of AGC subcategories were as follows: atypical endometrial cells 53.8%, atypical endocervical cells 22.7%, atypical glandular cells 19.5%, atypical endocervical cells favoring neoplasia 2.2%, and atypical glandular cells favoring neoplasia 1.8%. Fifty-nine (27.4%) of 192 patients were confirmed as having clinically significant lesions comprising endometrial adenocarcinoma (12.5%), endometrial hyperplasia (6.0%), cervical adenocarcinoma (2.3%), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) (1.9%), low-grade SIL (1.9%), adenocarcinoma in situ (1.4%), or ovarian metastasis (1.4%).
Conclusion
Compared with CS, LBC was presently associated with a higher prevalence of AGC. Histologic follow-up showed a very low HSIL rate compared to other studies. Endometrial adenocarcinoma was the most common malignant lesion detected because of increasing prevalence of endometrial adenocarcinoma, concentration on endometrial cytology, and introduction of LBC.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

4 Cases of Traditional Korean Medicine Treatment for Patients with Surgical Margin Positive after LEEP in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Eun Lee, Kyung-yeob Lee, Byung-kook Yu
Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine.2020; 34(3): 149. CrossRef
Histologic Correlation and Clinical Significance of Atypical Glandular Cells on Cervical Pap Tests: Analysis of 540 Cases at a Single Institution
Tae-Kyu Jang, Jeong-Yeol Park, Dae-Yeon Kim, Dae-Shik Suh, Jong-Hyeok Kim, Yong-Man Kim, Young-Tak Kim, Joo-Hyun Nam
Cancer Investigation.2019; 37(1): 8. CrossRef
Clinicopathological significance of atypical glandular cells on cervicovaginal Pap smears
Mi‐Kyung Kim, Yoo Kyung Lee, Sung Ran Hong, Kyung Taek Lim
Diagnostic Cytopathology.2017; 45(10): 867. CrossRef

Case Reports

Cytology of Synovial Fluid in Gouty Arthritis: Two Cases Report.: Ji Young Kim, Yi Kyeong Chun, Hoi Sook Jang, Bok Man Kim, Hy Sook Kim, Jae Yong An, Sung Ran Hong; Korean J Pathol. 2009;43(1):92-97.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2009.43.1.92

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Abstract PDF

Synovial fluid (SF) aspiration cytology is a useful diagnostic tool. For patients with gouty arthritis, the diagnosis is confirmed by the presence of monosodium uric acid (MSU) crystals in the SF, and these crystals are long, pointed ended and needle-shaped and they show strongly negative birefringence. Sometimes, it is difficult to diagnosis between gouty arthritis and other type of inflammatory arthritis. We experienced two unusual cases of gouty arthritis that we performed SF analysis for. The first patient was a 35 year old male who presented with relatively typical clinical symptoms with hyperuricemia, but the SF showed acute inflammatory cells without crystals on light microscopy. Only a few suspected crystals of MSU were identified on polarizing microscopy. The second patient was a 45 year old male who presented with atypical symptoms and pain and swelling of the left ankle and knee joint for 3 weeks. The uric acid level in the serum and urine was increased, but not over the normal limit. However, on light and polarizing microscopy, there were numerous MSU crystals in the SF. Conclusively, in some cases of gouty arthritis, the crystals are not identified on light microscopy or the uric acid level is not dramatically increased. So, the polarizing microscopy, the clinical information and the laboratory findings are all included in the work-up when evaluating the SF cytology of arthritis patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Diagnostic indications of knee joint fluid – current state ofknowledge
Damian Turzański
Diagnostyka Laboratoryjna.2023; 59(4): 1. CrossRef

Cytologic Findings of Malakoplakia of the Uterine Cervix and the Vagina: A Case Report.: Yi Kyeong Chun, Sung Ran Hong, Hye Sun Kim, Ji Young Kim, Bok Man Kim, Hy Sook Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2008;19(2):164-167.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3338/kjc.2008.19.2.164

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Abstract PDF: Malakoplakia is an uncommon chronic granulomatous inflammation that usually involves the urinary and gastrointestinal tracts, but rarely affects the female genital tract. We experienced a case of malakoplakia in a cervicovaginal smear in a 54-year-old woman. Colposcopic examination showed a friable, easily bleeding tissue in the uterine cervix and the vaginal fornix. The cervicovaginal smear consisted of numerous isolated histiocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. The histiocytes had an abundant, granular, and degenerated cytoplasm with inflammatory cell debris. Michaelis-Gutmann bodies were readily identified.

Original Articles

Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia of the Breast A clinicopathological study of 8 cases.: Hye Sun Kim, Yi Kyeong Chun, Yee Jung Kim, Sung Ran Hong, Hy Sook Kim; Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(3):193-198.

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Abstract PDF: Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) of the breast occurs in premenopausal women and is characterized by anastomosing channels lined by spindle cells. It has been suggested to be of hormonal origin. This unusual condition may also be mistaken for a vascular tumor. We analyzed eight cases of PASH of the breast in Samsung Cheil Hospital from 1992 through 1998. All patients were premenopausal and had painless breast lump. Clinical diagnoses were fibroadenomas. Grossly, the masses were well circumscribed, nonhemorrhagic and measure 2.2 to 5 cm. Histologically, they consisted of complex interanastomosing channels lined by slender spindle cells, which resembled low grade angiosarcoma. Cells that line the interanastomosing channels showed no immunoreactivity for Factor VIII and electron microscopic findings consistent with fibroblast. All patients were treated with surgical excision and none of them had recurrence for 1 to 69 months (mean: 19 months) postoperatively. Pathologic diagnosis of PASH may be difficult unless the pathologists are aware of the presence of a mass lesion and appreciate the characteristic stromal changes. PASH should be included in the differential diagnosis of a circumscribed mass, especially in the premenopausal women.

Cytologic Features of Endometrial Hyperplasia: Comparison with Normal Endometrium and Endometrial Adenocarcinoma.: Sung Ran Hong, Mee Im Seon, Yee Jeong Kim, Yi Kyeong Chun, Hye Sun Kim, Hy Sook Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2000;11(1):1-10.

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Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study is to describe the cellular characteristics of endometrial hyperplasia without/with atypia in cervical smears. These cellular features were compared with those of normal endometrium and endometrial carcinoma. We reviewed 265 cervical smears : 64 normal proliferative endometrium, 118 endometrial hyperplasia without atypia, 21 endometrial hyperplasia with atypia, and 62 endometrial adenocarcinoma. Of these smears, 72(27.2%) smears which had diagnostic endometrial epithelial cells were selected for this study. The cytologic abnormalities about cellularity, background, changes in cellular architecture, alterations in nuclear size, anisokaryosis, chromatin pattern, nucleoli, cytoplasmic vacuoles, and mitosis were observed. Nuclear enlargement(1.6 to 2 times of the nucleus in the intermediate squamous cell) and anisokaryosis(> OR =2 fold in size variation) were highly suggestive of endometrial hyperplasia without/with atypia. The nuclei from endometrial hyperplasia with atypia were more coarsely granular in chromatin patterns than hyperplasia without atypia(33.3% vs 3.4%). Micronucleoli were observed in all endometrial conditions, but the presence of macronucleoli were more suggestive of hyperplasia with atypia(22.2%) and adenocarcinoma(55%). The changes in cellular architecture(loss of polarity, uneven internuclear distance, overlapping and loose

Fine needle aspiration cytology of acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland: a case report.: Won Ae Lee, Yi Kyeong Chun, Mee Hye Oh, Shin Khang Kwang; J Pathol Transl Med. 1992;3(2):75-81.

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast: Comparison of Histologic Classifications and Correlation with Histologic Grade of Coexisting Invasive Ductal Carcinoma.: Sung Ran Hong, Yee Jeong Kim, Yi Kyeong Chun, Hye Sun Kim, Hy Sook Kim; Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(6):434-442.

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Abstract PDF: Recently developed new classifications (Holland, Van Nuys, modified Lagios) of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) linked to outcome have emphasized the importance of nuclear morphology rather than architecture. We have evaluated these three classifications in ductal carcinomas composed of in situ and invasive carcinomas. The reproducibility of three classifications was assessed (n=49), and the histological grade of the DCIS was compared with the histologic differentiation (modified Bloom & Richardson method) and nuclear grade (modified Black method) of the coexisting invasive ductal carcinoma (n=45). According to Holland classification, the DCIS component was poorly differentiated in 51.0%, intermediately differentiated in 40.8%, and well differentiated in 8.2%. Using the Van Nuys classification, the DCIS component was group 3 (high grade with or without necrosis) in 44.9%, group 2 (non-high grade with necrosis) in 28.6%, and group 1 (non-high grade without necrosis) in 26.5%. According to the modified Lagios classification, the DCIS component was high-grade in 42.8%, intermediate-grade in 32.7%, and low-grade in 24.5%. The histologic grades of the three classifications revealed significant correlations between Holland and Van Nuys classification (p<0.0001) and between Holland and modified Lagios classification (p<0.0001), especially in poorly differentiated/group 3/high-grade DCIS. The reproducibility of classification of the DCIS was 71.4% in the Holland, 61.2% in the Van Nuys, and 55.1% in the modified Lagios classifications. The grade of the DCIS showed significant correlation with the grade of coexisting invasive ductal carcinoma (p<0.0001), especially in poorly differentiated/group 3/high-grade DCIS. In conclusion, DCIS grade, determined by the Holland, Van Nuys or modified Lagios classifications, is closely correlated with the histologic grade of the invasive ductal component in tumors composed of in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma, and may be a useful factor to estimate clinical behavior of DCIS. In our experience the Holland classification is recommended for DCIS classification due to its high reproducibility.

Case Report

Adenomatoid Mesothelioma of the Epididymis: A case report.: Youn Mee Kim, Yi Kyeong Chun, Hy Jae Cho, Il Hyang Ko; Korean J Pathol. 1993;27(4):387-391.

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Abstract PDF: Adenomatoid tumors are well-recognized neoplasms generally to be of mesothelial derivation. We experienced a case of an adenomatoid tumor of the tail of the epididymis in a 56-year-old male. Grossly the tumor was firm and whitish gray, and microscopically it consisted of glandular, cord-like, microcystic structures which were lined by flattened endothelial like to plump cuboidal cells. Immunohistochemical stains whowed positivity for keratin and negativity for facter VIII related antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen. Ultrastructually, there was many long microvilli projecting into the glandular lumina and intracytoplasmic luminal spaces, desmosomes, and prominent cytoplasmic tonofilaments. Those findings strongly support the mesothelial origin of the adenomatoid tumor especially in the glandular type. It also lead us to suggest that the term adenomatoid tumor should be remain in use for light microscopic diagnosis, and that the term adenomatoid mesothelioma should be applied when the mesothelial nature of an adenomatoid tumor is proven by electron microscopy and immunohistochemical stains.

Original Articles

Telomerase activity and Expression of MIB-1, Fas and Fas Ligand in Placentas from Women with and without Intrauterine Growth Retardation.: Yi Kyeong Chun, Sung Ran Hong, Moon Ho Yang; Korean J Pathol. 2005;39(1):34-40.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The placenta from a pregnancy that is complicated by intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) tends to be smaller than that from a normal pregnancy. To investigate this difference, we analyzed the telomerase activity, the proliferative activity and the mRNA levels of apoptosis mediators in placentas.
METHODS
In 20 placentas from normal third-trimester pregnancies and 22 placentas form pregnancies that were complicated by IUGR, the telomerase activity was detected by a telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay. The proliferative activity was assessed by immunohistochemical staining using the MIB-1 monoclonal antibody. The expression of the apoptosis mediator was evaluated by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions for fas and fas ligand.
RESULTS
Telomerase activity was detected in 2 (10%) of 20 normal placentas, whereas it was not observed in all tested 13 placentas that were associated with IUGR. The proliferative activity was significantly low in the placentas that were associated with IUGR (7.44+/-2.96%), compared with the normal placentas (11.0+/-3.48%, p=0.002). There was no statistically significant difference in the mRNA levels of fas or fas ligand between two groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Low telomerase and proliferative activities in the placenta may play a role in the pathogenesis of IUGR.

Placental Pathology in Intrauterine Growth Retardation.: So Young Park, Moon Young Kim, Yee Jeong Kim, Yi Kyeong Chun, Hye Sun Kim, Hee Soo Kim, Sung Ran Hong; Korean J Pathol. 2002;36(1):30-37.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Histologic examination of the placentas from intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) fetuses can supplement clinical knowledge of the cause of IUGR. The present study was undertaken to observe the pathologic findings regarding the placentas in IUGR fetuses.
METHODS
Clinicopathologic findings in 45 cases with IUGR at the third-trimester were reviewed, and they were compared with those of 24 normal control cases. An IUGR fetus was defined as one with a birth weight less than those in the 10th percentile. Of the IUGR cases, 15 were hypertensive IUGR with or without preeclampsia, and 30 were normotensive IUGR.
RESULTS
The IUGR groups had significantly shorter mean gestational ages, lower mean placental weights, and higher incidences of oligohydramnios, compared to the normal controls (p<0.05). Histologically, IUGR was characterized by increased incidence of decidual vasculopathy (31.1%, p<0.05), multiple and severe infarct (p<0.05), villous fibrosis (31.1%, p<0.05), syncytiotrophoblastic knots (86.7%, p<0.05), and higher degree of increased perivillous fibrin deposition (p<0.05). However, there were no statistically significant differences in the placental lesions between hypertensive and normotensive IUGR cases, except for the presence of decidual vasculopathy.
CONCLUSIONS
Abnormal uteroplacental vasculature and chronic uteroplacental insufficiency, coagulation-related pathology in the uteroplacental, intervillous and/or fetoplacental vasculature, and chronic inflammatory lesions may be the primary disease processes related to the placental pathology of IUGR. Although the cause of IUGR pregnancies is heterogeneous, careful cilinicopathologic correlations in individual cases are necessary in the interpretation of placental lesions of IUGR, and the total burden of several placental lesions may be more important than a single histologic feature.

Sensitivity of AutoPap Primary Screening System with Location-Guided Screening in Uterine Cervical Cytology.: Jong Sun Choi, Hoi Sook Jang, Hy Sook Kim, Yi Kyeong Chun, Hye Sun Kim, Ji Young Park, In Sou Park, Sung Ran Hong; J Pathol Transl Med. 2003;14(2):60-65.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVE: The sensitivity of the AutoPap Primary Screening System with Location-Guided Screening (AutoPap LGS) for identifying atypical cells in cervicovaginal smears was evaluated. METHODS: Two hundred forty one slides with atypical cervical cytology randomly sampled were rescreened both manually and by the AutoPap LGS. The AutoPap LGS localized the atypical cells as 15 fields of view(FOVs), which were reexamined by manual review. The sensitivity was also evaluated in accordance with the cellularity of the smears. RESULTS: The AutoPap LGS successfully processed 232 out of 241 slides. The sensitivity of the AutoPap LGS identifying the atypical cells in successfully processed slides was 97.4%(226/232). The false negative rate was 2.6%(6/232). There was no false negative case in high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) smears in the AutoPap LGS. The FOVs localized the diagnostic-atypical cells in 97.8%(221/226). The number of diagnostic-atypical FOVs was increased in higher-degree of atypical cytology. The AutoPap LGS localized the atypical cells in 100% of adequately cellular smears and in 92.5% even in low cellular smears. CONCLUSION: The AutoPap LGS showed relatively good sensitivity to detect atypical cells. It can be a valuable system to localize atypical cells, especially in HSIL or cancer slides, even in smears with low cellularity.

Case Reports

Duodenal Somatostatinoma: A case report.: Mee Hye Oh, Yi Kyeong Chun, Hye Jae Cho, Jin Ho Lee, Hong Yong Kim, Ill Hyang Ko; Korean J Pathol. 1993;27(6):645-649.

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Abstract PDF: Somatostatinoma is rare endocrine tumor that was first described in 1977 by Ganda et al. and Larsson et al. simultaneously. It seems nonfunctioning at clinical level. But it may present with diabetes, diarrhea, cholelithiasis, steatorrhea, indigestion, hypochlorhydria, and anemia. In contrast with pancreatic somatostatinoma, duodenal somatostatinoma, in general, is clinically silent. Duodenal endocrine tumors show similar histologic pattern. Therefore, the definite diagnosis is performed by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopic examination. We have experienced a case of somatostatinoma of duodenum in a 62-year-old male. He has complained generalized pruritus for one year and jaundice for 2 weeks. Grossly, the mass was a intraluminary protruding, polypoid lesion with focal mucosal erosion at immediately distal to Ampulla of Vater. Histologically, it showed tall, cylindrical cells with distinct cell membranes, having granular cytoplasm and small innocent looking nuclei. No mitosis was seen. The tumor cells were arraged in small solid groups and trabeculae, separated by fibrovascular stroma. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were strongly positive with somatostatin and negative with several other hormonal and neuroendocrine markers. Ultrastructurally, the cytoplasm contains numerous, homogeneous low electron dense secretory granules, which are essentially similar to those seen in normal delta cells.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Medullary Carcinoma of the Breast: A Case Report.: Yi Kyeong Chun, Ill Hyang Ko; J Pathol Transl Med. 1994;5(1):57-60.

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Abstract PDF: Medullary carcinoma(MC) of the breast is an uncommon histologic form of infiltrating ductal carcinoma and the cytologic features of MC are not well delineated.

Original Article

Usefulness of Frozen Section Examination of Core Needle Biopsy in the Breast Carcinoma.: Yee Jeong Kim, Yi Kyeong Chun, Sung Ran Hong, Hy Sook Kim, Sung Su Kang, Ji Hyun Lee, Sung Kong Lee, Hye Sun Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2002;36(3):163-166.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Core needle biopsy (CNB) is widely used as the initial sampling method for breast cancer. And because frozen section (FS) diagnosis is rapid and reliable, we studied the diagnostic agreement between the diagnosis of FS of CNB and final diagnosis after surgery to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the FS of CNB.
METHODS
Of 409 patients who were preoperatively diagnosed by FS of CNB and who underwent final surgery from 1996 through 2000, 24 cases were found to be ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 385 cases invasive carcinoma (IC). The diagnoses of FS of CNB were compared with final diagnoses.
RESULTS
The diagnostic accuracy of carcinoma is 63.6% for DCIS and 86.9% for invasive carcinoma. Five cases (1.2%) could not be diagnosed because of material insufficiency for diagnosis. Twenty two cases (5.4%) were diagnosed as benign on FS, among which 20 (90.9%) were misdiagnosed by sampling error. Twenty seven cases (6.7%) were deferred on FS, 4 of these cases were DCIS, 5 were invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), the rest displayed low nuclear grades or marked freezing artifacts.
CONCLUSIONS
The diagnostic accuracy of FS of CNB is very high except for cases of ILC and low grade DCIS. Considering the advantage of rapid evaluation, more definitive diagnosis, familiarity by pathologists and availability of ancillary study, FS of CNB is very useful method as the preoperative evaluation.

Case Report

Urine Cytology of Renal Cell Carcinoma: Analysis of 11 cases.: Yi Kyeong Chun, Hye Jae Cho, Ill Hyang Ko; J Pathol Transl Med. 1994;5(2):137-142.

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Abstract PDF: Urine cytology is of limited value in the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma with reported detection rates of 0~80%. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the usefulness of urine cytology in renal cell carcinoma, In the eleven histologically proven cases of renal cell carcinoma, urinary smears were reevaluated. The cytologic results were as follows; positive for malignant cells in 3 cases (27%), suspicious in 2 cases (18%) and negative in 6 cases (55%). The average diameter of the tumor of the 5 cases reported as positive or suspicious for malignant cells was 9.7cm and 3 had invaded the renal pelvis. The other 6 tumors, reported as negative, were 5.7cm in average diameter and one of them showed involvement of the renal pelvis. These results suggest that urine cytology is considered unsatisfactory in the early detection of renal cell carcinoma. However. careful examination of urinary smear could improye the detection rate especially in more advanced cases involving the renal pelvis as well as those of larger tumors.

Original Articles

Correlation Of Human Papillomavirus Infection and Postmenopausal Squamous Atypia in Cervical Cytology.: Yi Kyeong Chun, In Gul Moon, Sung Ran Hong, Hye Sun Kim, Jong Sun Choi, Ji Young Park, Jong Sook Park, Tae Jin Kim, Hy Sook Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2004;15(2):81-85.

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Abstract PDF: Postmenopausal squamous atypia (PSA) is a phenomenon characterized by cellular alterations mimicking condyloma in the uterine cervix of postmenopausal women. It is not associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The aim of this study is to correlate findings with HPV infection and the cytohistologic findings of PSA. Eighty-three smears from postmenopausal women, initially interpreted as ASCUS and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions(LSIL), were reviewed according to the criteria of PSA. Fifty-eight cases were subsequently reclassified as PSA. Forty cases categorized as PSA were available for HPV-DNA detection by a nested polymerase chain reaction. Eight of these 40 cases(20%) showed biopsy-proven LSIL lesions. The HPV-DNA was detected in 42.5%(17/40), compared to 25%(5/20) of control cases. The HPV-DNA detection rate of biopsy-proven LSIL was 62.5%(5/8). It has been concluded that cytologic differential diagnosis of PSA from LSIL is difficult due to because of poor histologic and viral correlation.

Pregnancy-Related Cytologic Changes In Cervicovaginal Smears.: Yi Kyeong Chun, Hoi Sook Jang, Hye Sun Kim, Sung Ran Hong, Jong Sun Choi, Ji Young Park, Jung Sook Cho, Seok Ju Seong, Jae Hyug Yang, Hy Sook Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2004;15(2):92-100.

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Abstract PDF: Due to insufficient clinical information, most cervicovaginal smears from pregnant or postpartum women have been screened without regard to pregnancy-related cytological changes. Here, we have reviewed 116 abnormal cervicovaginal smears from 103 pregnant and postpartum women. Initial cytological diagnoses revealed the following: 9 cases of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), 8 cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), 85 cases of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), and 14 cases involving atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (AGUS). 31 cases, upon review, involved pregnancy-related cytological changes, comprising 25 cases of decidua cells, 4 cases of Arias-Stella reaction, and 2 cases of decidual cells coupled with Arias-Stella reaction. Interpretation errors were detected in 14 cases: 13 cases of decidual cells interpreted as either ASCUS favor reactive or ASCUS ruled out HSIL, and one case of Arias-Stella reaction was interpreted as ASCUS ruled out HSIL. Decidual cells and degenerated glandular cells with Arias-Stella reaction can result in diagnostic mistakes. In order to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary surgeries, both clinicians and pathologists must be aware of the pregnancy-related cytological changes. The clinician should also always inform the pathologist on the pregnancy status of the patient.

Case Reports

Prolapse of Fallopian Tube into Vaginal Vault after Hysterectomy: A case report.: Yi Kyeong Chun, Hy Sook Kim; Korean J Pathol. 1998;32(6):474-475.

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Abstract: The prolapse of a fallopian tube into the vagina is a rare complication of hysterectomy. We recently experienced a case of tubal prolapse after a laparoscopic hysterectomy in a 44-year-old woman. The vaginal examination showed a polypoid mass in the vaginal apex. Microscopically, the mass had the typical appearance of a fallopian tube with chronic inflammation. The cytologic finding of a vaginal vault smear was also described.

Well-Differentiated Papillary Mesothelioma of the Peritoneum: A case report .: Yi Kyeong Chun, Yee Jeong Kim, Sung Ran Hong; Korean J Pathol. 1998;32(9):697-699.

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Abstract: Well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma (WDPM) of the peritoneum is considered to be a distinct subtype of peritoneal mesothelioma and has mostly behaved in a benign fashion. We report a case of WDPM in a 48-year-old-woman. It was incidentally found during a hysterectomy for a uterine cervical carcinoma. Grossly, the tumor was composed of multiple peritoneal nodules, measuring up to 2 cm. Microscopically, the nodules showed well-developed papillae lined by a single layer of cuboidal mesothelial cells. Immunohistochemical staining revealed a positive reaction for cytokeratin and a negative reacion for carcinoembryonic antigen and Leu-M1. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells showed numerous long, slender microvilli and desmosomes.

Original Article

Expression of p53 Protein and Ki-67 in Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia, Ductal Carcinoma in Situ, and Microinvasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast.: Yi Kyeong Chun, Hye Sun Kim, Yee Jeong Kim, Sung Ran Hong, Hy Sook Kim, Byung Jun Park, Sung Su Kang, Ji Hyun Lee, Sung Kong Lee, Sun Hee Sung, Woon Sup Han; Korean J Pathol. 2000;34(9):665-672.

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Abstract PDF: Mutation of the p53 gene is one of the most common genetic alterations in invasive breast carcinoma. However, it is unclear that the mutation usually occurs in noninvasive breast lesions. It might be expected that there is a correlation between histologic progression of breast lesions and proliferative rate. We investigated the expression of p53 protein and Ki-67 labelling index (LI) using immunohistochemistry in 16 ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion (DCIS-Mi), 56 DCIS, 15 atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), and 7 intraductal hyperplasia (IDH). Expression of p53 protein was detected in 33.9% of DCIS and 56.3% of DCIS-Mi and was confined exclusively in Van Nuys DCIS group 2 and 3. In ADH and IDH, no expression of p53 protein was found. There was no significant correlation between Van Nuys DCIS groups and Ki-67 LI. In conclusion, p53 mutation may be involved in the neoplastic progression from ADH to DCIS and is directly related to high nuclear grade and associated necrosis of DCIS.

Case Report

Complete Hydatidiform Mole with a Coexisting Fetus: A case report .: Yi Kyeong Chun, Hye Sun Kim, Yee Jeong Kim, Hy Sook Kim, Soo Kyung Choi, So Yeon Park, Sung Ran Hong; Korean J Pathol. 2000;34(9):673-676.

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Abstract PDF: Twin conceptus of a complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) and a normal fetus are rare but are important because of diagnostic difficulty, problems related to twin pregnancy, and high risk of persistent gestational trophoblastic tumor. Recently, we experienced one case of twin pregnancy consisting of a CHM and a normal fetus. A 26-year-old woman complained of vaginal bleeding. She had evidences of pregnancy-induced hypertension. A male fetus was delivered at 20 gestational weeks. The placenta demonstrated vesicles of molar change separated from normal placenta. Microscopically, the molar villi disclosed diffuse hydropic swelling with circumferential trophoblastic proliferation. DNA flow cytometric analysis showed diploid patterns in both molar and normal placental tissues. Fluorescent in situ hybridization in paraffin-embedded tissue presented that normal placental villi hybridized with X- and Y-chromosome probes (46, XY), while molar villi hybridized with X-chromosome only (46, XX). Thus, dizygotic twinning was confirmed because sex differences were shown between molar villi and normal placental villi. Follow up beta-hCG was within normal range after delivery.

Original Article

Osteochondrodysplasia Pathologic study of 29 autopsy cases.: Yi Kyeong Chun, Yee Jeong Kim, Sung Ran Hong, Min Suk Kim, Je G Chi; Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(1):32-41.

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Abstract PDF: Osteochondrodysplasia is a heterogeneous group of disorders appearing short limbed dwarfism. Because many of these entities are lethal and hereditary, an accurate diagnosis is mandatory. The purpose of this study is to define the clinicopathologic features and radiologic findings of osteochondrodysplasia. We reviewed 29 autopsy cases of congenital short limbed dwarfism, consisting of thanatophoric dysplasia (TD) (12 cases), osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) (12 cases), asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia (ATD) (3 cases), short-rib-polydactyly syndrome (SRPS) (1 case) and hypochondrogenesis (1 case). The gestational age ranged from 16 to 41 weeks. Of 6 fetuses that were born alive, 3 were ATD, 2 were TD and 1 was hypochondrogenesis. TD was frequently complicated by hydramnios. Of 8 cases studied chromosomally, only 1 showed chromosomal abnormality -46XY, inv 9. Intrauterine growth retardation was frequently associated with OI. Pulmonary hypoplasia was present in 23 cases (79%), including all cases of ATD, SRPS and hypochondrogenesis, 11 in TD and 7 in OI. Other associated anomalies were present in 17 cases (59%).

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