1 |
|
Gene and genome |
|
1-1 |
Able to explain the composition and structure of DNA and RNA |
|
1-2 |
Able to explain the definition of genome, exome, proteome, transcriptome, and metabolome |
|
1-3 |
Able to explain the chromosome, histone, and chromatin |
|
1-4 |
Able to explain the replication and repair process of DNA |
|
1-5 |
Able to explain the mechanism and regulator of transcription |
|
1-6 |
Able to explain the mechanism of translation and definition of codons |
|
1-7 |
Able to explain the definition of promoter, enhancer, cis- and trans-regulation |
|
1-8 |
Able to explain the types and roles of epigenetic gene regulation |
|
1-9 |
Able to explain the definition of genetic polymorphism |
|
1-10 |
Able to explain the definition of point mutation, insertion, deletion, and structural variation including translocation |
|
1-11 |
Able to explain the definition of missense, synonymous, nonsense, null, and frameshift mutations |
|
1-12 |
Able to explain the association between mutations and genomic instability and RNA splicing |
2 |
|
Molecular oncology (introduction) |
|
2-1 |
Able to explain the definition of oncogene and tumor suppressor gene |
|
2-2 |
Able to explain the hallmark of cancer |
|
2-3 |
Able to explain the major cellular signaling pathways related to oncogenesis and cancer progression |
|
2-4 |
Able to explain the mechanism through which proto-oncogenes are activated and transformed into oncogenes |
|
2-5 |
Able to explain the mechanisms of familial and hereditary tumor development |
|
2-6 |
Able to explain the definition of chromosomal instability and loss of heterozygosity |
|
2-7 |
Able to explain the definition and clinical significance of mismatch repair deficiency, microsatellite instability, homologous recombination deficiency, tumor mutational burden |
|
2-8 |
Able to explain the definition and clinical significance of methylation in cancer |
|
2-9 |
Able to list the indications of molecular pathology testings in cancer (i.e., screening, diagnostic, prognostic, predictive, treatment monitoring) |
|
2-10 |
Able to explain the definitions of companion diagnostics and complementary diagnostics |
|
2-11 |
Able to list the predictive markers of major cancer types |
3 |
|
Techniques of molecular pathology |
|
3-1 |
Able to explain the DNA/RNA extraction process according to the sample types |
|
3-2 |
Able to explain the ways of assessing quality and quantity of DNA/RNA and list the pros and cons of each method |
|
3-3 |
Able to list the ways of assessing genetic mutations and list the pros and cons of each method |
|
3-4 |
Able to explain why the minimum tumor requirement differs between assays |
|
3-5 |
Able to explain the factors influencing the quality of tissue samples and nucleic acid |
|
3-6 |
Able to properly name the genetic mutations according to the Human Genome Variation Society (HGVS) nomenclature |
|
3-7 |
Able to explain the assessment process and criteria of the clinical performance evaluation |
|
3-8 |
Able to explain the assessment process and criteria of the analytical performance evaluation |
4 |
|
Sanger sequencing |
|
4-1 |
Able to explain the principle of Sanger sequencing and interpretation |
|
4-2 |
Able to interpretate the electropherogram of each type of mutation |
|
4-3 |
Able to identify the causes of false positive or false negative results |
|
4-4 |
Able to interpretate the mutation analysis results and generate proper clinical reports |
|
4-5 |
Able to list the specific disease-related genetic mutations |
5 |
|
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) |
|
5-1 |
Able to explain the differences between NGS and Sanger sequencing |
|
5-2 |
Able to explain the differences between hybrid capture and amplicon-based target enrichment |
|
5-3 |
Able to explain the definitions of whole genome, whole exome, targeted gene panel, and transcriptome sequencing and pros/cons of each method |
|
5-4 |
Able to explain each step of library preparation for NGS |
|
5-5 |
Able to explain each step of bioinformatic analysis for NGS data |
|
5-6 |
Able to explain the major quality metrics related to the qualities of library and sequencing data |
|
5-7 |
Able to list major reference database for use in variant interpretation and definition of tier-based classification system |
6 |
|
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) |
|
6-1 |
Able to explain the principle and indication of PCR |
|
6-2 |
Able to list the technical considerations of performing PCR |
|
6-3 |
Able to interpretate the PCR analysis results and generate proper clinical reports |
|
6-4 |
Able to explain the principle and indication of real-time PCR (RT-PCR) |
|
6-5 |
Able to list the technical considerations of performing RT-PCR |
|
6-6 |
Able to interpretate the RT-PCR analysis results and generate proper clinical reports |
7 |
|
In situ hybridization (ISH) |
|
7-1 |
Able to explain the principle and process of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH), and silver in situ hybridization (SISH) |
|
7-2 |
Able to list the indications of FISH, CISH, and SISH |
|
7-3 |
Able to explain the types of FISH probes |
|
7-4 |
Able to explain the clinical significance of FISH results |
|
7-5 |
Able to interpretate the results of FISH, CISH, SISH and generate proper clinical reports |
8 |
|
Microsatellite instability (MSI) test |
|
8-1 |
Able to explain the definition of microsatellite |
|
8-2 |
Able to explain the principles and techniques of MSI tests |
|
8-3 |
Able to explain the clinicopathological significance of MSI |
9 |
|
Methylation analysis |
|
9-1 |
Able to explain the principles and techniques of methylation analysis |
|
9-2 |
Able to explain the definition of CpG island methylator phenotype |
|
9-3 |
Able to list the technical considerations of performing methylation analysis |
|
9-4 |
Able to interpretate the results of methylation analysis and generate proper clinical reports |
10 |
|
Gene rearrangement test |
|
10-1 |
Able to explain the definition of gene rearrangement and utilize the results in the diagnosis and treatment planning |
|
10-2 |
Able to list the methods of gene rearrangement tests and explain the pros/cons of each method |
|
10-3 |
Able to interpretate the results of gene rearrangement analysis and generate proper clinical reports |
11 |
|
Human papillomavirus genotyping by DNA microarray |
|
11-1 |
Able to explain the principle of DNA microarray and utilize the results in the diagnosis and treatment planning |
|
11-2 |
Able to explain the process of DNA microarray test |
|
11-3 |
Able to list the methods of DNA microarray tests and explain the pros/cons of each method |
|
11-4 |
Able to interpretate the results of DNA microarray analysis and generate proper clinical reports |
12 |
|
Chromosome analysis |
|
12-1 |
Able to explain the principle of chromosome analysis |
|
12-2 |
Able to explain the result and clinical significance of chromosome analysis |
13 |
|
Molecular pathology laboratory management |
|
13-1 |
Able to list precautions for preventing cross-contamination during each step of molecular pathology testings |
|
13-2 |
Able to list the reference database for genetic testings |
|
13-3 |
Able to list the credential criteria and quality metrics for laboratory certificate |
|
13-4 |
Able to guide the clinicians for proper molecular pathology testings |
|
13-5 |
Able to explain the definitions of research use only, investigational use only, in vitro diagnostics, laboratory developed test, and analyte specific reagents |