Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Volume 2(1); June 1991

Original Articles

Cytologic findings of Hodgkin's disease with special emphasis on Reed-Sternberg cells and their variants.: Young Hyeh Ko, Chan Pil Park, Jung Dal Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 1991;2(1):1-7.

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Abstract PDF: Cytologic findings from five cases with variable types of Hodgkin' disease were reviewed with special emphasis on the Reed-Sternberg (R-S) cells and their variants. Typical R-S and Hodgkin's cells were mono- or binucleated, and nuclei had rounded smooth contour. Acidophilic prominent nucleoli with perinucleolar halo were conspicuous. In comparison to typical Reed-Sternberg cells, L & H (lymphocytic and histiocytic) cells in the lymphocyte predominant type tended to show pop-corn like irregular nuclear contour and to lack the prominent nucleoli. Lacunar cells in the nodular sclerosis type had multilobated nuclei with prominent acidophilic nucleoli. There was no prominent perinucleolar halo in L & H and lacunar cells. In conjuction with the number of Reed-Sternberg cells and back ground findings observed on the smears, the characteristic features of R-S cells and their variants allowed to make typing of Hodgkin's disease.

Experimental Studies on the Influence of Cortisone and ACTH upon Antibody Formation in the Rabbit: Sook Hyun Park; Korean J Cytopathol. 1968;2(1):1-12.

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Abstract PDF: An experimental study on the influence of cortisone and ACTH upon the antibody formation in rabbit was performed counting the pyroninophilic cells in the spleen, lymphnode and thymus. The following results and conclusion were obtained. 1. Administration of cortisone and ACTH with immunization produced a decreased number of pyroninophilic cells in the spleen and lymphnodes comparing that of the controls. 2. This suppressive effects of cortisone and ACTH on the pyroninophilic cells were prominent in the rabbits that has been treated with cortisone and ACTH prior to immunization, simulataneous treatment and post-immunization treatment in decreasing order of effects. 3. Cortisone seems to have stronger effects on the pyroninophilic cells in rabbits comparing that of ACTH though it is influenced by the time of immunization. 4. Cortisone and ACTH administration without antigenic stimulation also produced a slighthy increased pyroninophilic cells in the lymphoid tissues. 5. Pyroninophilic cells in the thymus of the mature rabbits are negligible in number and seems not influenced by the treatment of cortisone and ACTH with or without immunization.

Cytohistopathologic comparative study of aspiration biopsy cytology from various sites.: Hyo Sook Park; Korean J Cytopathol. 1991;2(1):8-19.

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Abstract PDF: A statistical analysis of the diagnostic value for 244 aspiration biopsy cytology(ABC) among a total 1,043 cases from various sites was performed. ABC, using diagnostic terminology similar to that of a surgical pathology reports, was compared to the final tissue diagnosis. For the entire series, a sensitivity of 91.8%, a specificity of 99.3%, a positive predictive value of 98.9%, a negative predictive value of 94.8%, and an efficacy of the test of 96.3% were shown. There were 8 false negative and 1 false positive diagnosis. The diagnostic accuracy was 89.8%. Those results indicate that the ABC is a considerably highly accurate procedure that should be routinely employed.

A histopathologic study on rectal tumors: Chan kook Rha; Korean J Cytopathol. 1968;2(1):15-22.

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Abstract PDF: A histopathologic study was made on 186 cases of rectal tumors of the Koreans, obtained during a period of 11 years, from 1957 to 1967, at the department of pathology, college of medicine, Seoul National University. 1. The 186 cases of rectal tumors consist of 145 cases of malignant tumors and 41 cases of benign tumors. 2. The malignant and benign tumors occurs more commonly in male than in female, revealing the sex ratio of 2.01: 1 in the malignant and 4.7: 1 in the benign respectively. 3. The age distribution of the rectal tumors varies from 13 to 78 years in malignant tumors and 6 to 71 in benign. The greatest number of rectal carcinomas occurred from 40 to 69 with a peak incidence in 50-59 years, revealing 31.6 per cent of total malignancies of the rectum. 4. The site of distribution of rectal carcinomas are as follows; 71% in the lower one third, 18% in mid one third and 11% in upper one third. In benign tumors, the distributions are similar to that of the malignant, showing the lower one third 50% mid one third 29.1% upper one third 8.33% and entire rectum 12.5%. 5. The gross pattern of the carcinomas are classified into three types, the polypoid type 53.8%, infiltrating 26.2%, and annular 20%. 6. Six cases of polypoid adenoma and a hereditary multiple polyposis were combined with focal malignant changes, which was 17.1% of total benign tumors. 7. The 145 cases of malignant and 41 cases of benign tumors of the rectum were histologically classified and tabulated.

Evaluation of cytopathologic diagnosis of lung carcinoma.: In Ae Park, Eui Keun Ham; Korean J Cytopathol. 1991;2(1):20-27.

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Abstract PDF: In order to evaluate the role of cytopathologic diagnosis of sputum, bronchial washing and bronchial brushing in the diagnosis of lung cancer, we performed this study. The patients included in this study had undergone sputum, bronchial washing and brushing cytology over the 20-month period of 1985 through 1987. The total number of specimens was 5,495 of 2,242 patients, including 4,830 sputa and 665 bronchial washing and brushings. The average number of sputa and bronchial washings and brushings per case was 2.4 and 1.2 respectively. Among them, about 10% were unsatisfactory specimen, and three-fourths were negative specimens. In sputum cytology, the diagnosis of "atypical cells" was given to 3%, "suspicious for malignancy" was given to 1 %, and "malignancy" was given to 13%. In bronchial washing and brushing cytology, the diagnosis of "atypical cells", "suspicious for malignancy" and malignancy" was given to 6%, 3%, and 20% respectively. The cases diagnosed as "atypical cells" in cytology were actually malignancy in 95% and 84.8% of sputum and bronchial washing and brushings respectively, and the "suspicious for malignancy" were actually malignancy in 100% in both methods. The detection rates of malignancy were 50.4% and 55.2% in sputum and bronchial washing and brushing respectively, and the specificity was 100% in both methods. The accuracy of cell typing was 92% in sputum and 89.7% in bronchial washing and brushing.

The interaction of radiation marrow damage on the erythroleukemia virus activity: Chung Hee Chi, B. Lagerlof; Korean J Cytopathol. 1968;2(1):25-30.

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Abstract PDF: X-線照射로 生後 1日된 영계(병아리)에 骨髓障碍를 일으켰을 侍赤血球性白血症 virus가 骨髓에 미치는 活性에 대한 相互關係를 實驗的으로 考察하였다. 一群을 C0 60 600r를 照射했으며 4, 8, 20日後에 各各赤血球性白血症 virus를 靜脈內注射하였다. 注射前處置로는 各各大腿骨에서 骨髓의 生檢을 施行하였음. 豫備試驗의 結果全身 X-線照射에 의한 骨髓의 障碍는 고루 미치는 것을 周池하였으므로 전 骨髓의 代表的部位로서 大腿骨을 選定하였다. 對照群으로서 使用한 것은 X-線照射를 하지 않았으며 同一하게 骨髓의 生檢을 4, 8, 20일 후에 施行하고 각각 virus를 接種하였다. 白血症의 發生率과 實驗動物이 死亡하게 될 때까지의 潛伏期間은 照射群과 對照群兩者에서 大同小異하였다. virus 接種의 時期에 關係없이 X-線照射로 인한 骨髓障碍의 程度에 따라 動物群을 分類해 본 結果激甚한 X-線骨髓障碍와 細胞減少症(Hypocellularity)을 主로 하는 動物群은 virus 病原性活性을 抑制함을 提示했으나 한편 中等屠의 障碍를 가진 動物群에서 오히려 virus의 活性度를 加重시켰다. 組織學的으로 赤血球의 再生力에 따라 分類해본 結果活潑한 赤血球造血機能을 가진 動物群은 X-線照射하지 않은 對照群과 同一한 virus의 活性을 나타냈으나 赤血球造血機能의 證據가 없는 動物群에서는 virus에 대한 感受性은 極히 低下돼있었다.

Fine needle aspiration cytology of so-called sclerosing hemangioma of the lung: report of two cases.: Na Hye Myong, Chang Won Ha, Kyung Ja Cho, Ja June Jang; Korean J Cytopathol. 1991;2(1):28-35.

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Abstract PDF: So-called sclerosing hemangioma of the lung is a rare benign neoplasm which usually presents with a coin lesion detected through routine chest X-ray. We report two cases showing characteristic cytologic appearances which have been rarely reported. Both cases were young females with coin lesions in the lung. Fine needle aspiration of each case revealed unique but some different cytologic features. Case 1 showed bland-looking polygonal epithelial cells resembling bronchioloalveolar cells having predominantly papillary configurations with loosely arranged solid sheets or isolated cells. Cytoplasms were plump, cyanophilic, and finely granular, with eccentric nuclei. The nuclei were usually monotonous, round-to-ovoid, and vesicular with a small but conspicuous nucleolus. In comparison to case 1, case 2 revealed largely loose pavement-like solid sheets or clusters rather than papillary patterns in the hemorrhagic background. The size of tumor cells were a little smaller than that of case 1. Bronchiotoalveolar carcinoma and papillary adenocarcinoma of metastatic origin were considered to be one of the important differential diagnoses with these cytologic features. Histologically, both cases exhibited findings compatible with so-called sclerosing hemangioma of the lung.

Theory on Arteriosclerosis: Sun Joo Ro, Ph.D.; Korean J Cytopathol. 1968;2(1):33-37.

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Abstract PDF: An evaluation was made on the etiology of arteriosclerosis with cholesterol content of the anterior eye chamber fluid and ocular aortic implant in rabbits. Cholesterol content of the anterior eye chamber fluid ranged from 7 to 31 mg. per cent in spite of an increase of about 30 times in serum. Even highest value, 31mg. per cent is far less than in normal serum. The results indicate that even of atherosclerotic or normal aorta is transplanted to the anterior eye chamber in rabbits to observe the acceleration or development of atherosclerosis it is impossible to relate the incidence of atherosclerosis with cholesterol content of the anterior eye chamber fluid. For this reason atherosclerosis can be produced without hypercholesterolemia and hypertension. Hence the cause of increase of cholesterol content in the ocular aortic implant must be attributed to the etiology of arteriosclerosis. In this case several factors are considered but main cause of increase of cholesterol in ocular aortic implant must be attributed to the imbalance of deposition and consumption of cholesterol in ocular aortic implant. The imbalance of cholesterol deposition and consumption of cholesterol in ocular aortic implant must be attributed to the cholesterol metabolism disturbance of arterial wall itself. As well known, cholesterol plays main role on atherosclerosis as a major factor. Consequently metabolism disturbance definitely contributed to the etiology on arteriosclerosis. Therefore, on the basis of observations noted above it is concluded that etiology on arterisoclerosis is to be found in metabolism disturbance.

Fine needle aspiration cytology of malignant thymoma: two cases of invasive thymoma and thymic carcinoma.: Mee Yon Cho, Young Nyun Park, Kwang Gil Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 1991;2(1):36-42.

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Abstract PDF: We report 4 cases of malignant thymoma which were composed of 2 cases of invasive thymoma and 2 cases of thymic carcinoma. The cytologic findings of invasive thymoma were similar to those of benign thymoma. The distinctive cytologic features of thymic carcinoma were necrotic background, irregular clusters and individually scattered arrangement of anaplastic epithelial cells, and some scattered mature small lymphocytes. These findings may be found in the Hodgkin'slymphoma, seminoma, and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma of the. lung. But, the feature of irregular clustering of anaplastic epithelial cell having scanty cytoplasm was different from Hodgkin'slymphoma and seminoma. Clinical and radiologic findings as well as cytologic finding were helpful in differential diagnosis of thymic carcinoma from metastatic carcinoma.

Scotochromogens From Tuberculous Patients: Jae Sik Kim, Won Bae Kim, Jae Joo Suh, Yong Ma Hah, Young Myung Kim; Korean J Cytopathol. 1968;2(1):39-43.

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Abstract PDF: The incidence of mycobacterium infection other than tubercle bacilli from tuberculous patients has been reported increasingly in recent years and the significance of unclassified mycobacteria in clinical cases evaluated intensively. In the course of the studies for the distribution of unclassified mycobacteria from tuberclous patients and other sources, authors isolated 29 strains of scotochromogens and tested biochemical characters. 1) Nine strains were isolated from 25 cases of tuberculous patients in mineral industry and 20 strains from various sources of patient from university hospital. 2) All strains isolated were belong to scotochromogens by biochemical characteristics exhibiting following characters; color formation in darkness, strong catalase positive, nitrate reduction negative except one strain and urease positiveness in 24 strains. 3) Growth rate were rather slow grower in Ogawa media forming colonies between 10 and 14 days and sensitivity pattern to antituberculous agents exhibited an usual pattern of unclassified mycobacteria in that test strains were moderately sensitive to streptomycin and isonicotinic acid hydrazide, whereas these were resistant to paraaminosalicylic acid.

Fine needle aspiration cytology of malignant epithelial mesothelioma of the peritoneum.: Sun Hee Sung, Kwang Gil Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 1991;2(1):43-50.

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Abstract PDF: A case of malignant epithelial mesothelioma of the peritoneum diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology is described. The smear showed many individually scattered or clustered large round malignant epithelial cells intermingled with relatively small nonneoplastic mesothelial and mesenchymal cells. Papillary configurations with thick fibrous core were also seen. The malignant cells were virtually reminiscent of reactive mesothelial cells but they were larger in size and had more prominent nucleoli and more frequent binucleated or multinucleated cell formations than reactive mesothelial cells. The characteristic features of malignant cell of mesothelioma compared with the metastatic adenocarcinoma were relatively uniform cellular size, prominent round nucleoli, large round vesicular nuclei with finely granular chromatin pattern, smooth nuclear membrane, abundant glassy cytoplasm rather than bubbly mucin-containing cytoplasm and fuzzy cell border.

Value of Examining Sections of the Bone Marrow Aspirates: Mun Sok Soh; Korean J Cytopathol. 1968;2(1):45-50.

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Abstract PDF: The purpose of this paper is to present some of the advantages of examining sections of bone marrow. For this study the impression received by examining 155 bone marrow smears from 154 patients are compaired with information gathered from sections of this marrow. Forty eight of the sections were of insufficient quantity for proper evaluation. Failure of the aspiration is probably related to both the individual’s technique and the disease. The determination of cellularity made from smears were apparently wrong in 38 out of 110 of these cases. In 9 cases, the misinterpretation was considered extremely serious as hypercellular marrow was misjudged to be hypocellular. This was largely due to small amount of marrow being diluted with peripheral blood. In all cases, if the smear appears to be hypocellular, this should be confirmed by examination. This is especially important when making a diagnosis of aplastic anemia. Also found in the sections were 2 cases of matastatic carcinoma, 2 cases of malignant lymphoma, and 4 cases of mucinous degeneration of the stromal adipose tissue, all of which were impossible to be diagnosed on the smear. In addition, the section is good for evaluation of the number of the megakaryocytes and mitotic figures, and for some extrahematopoietic cells or tissues besides those of malignant origin.

Carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder in bladder washing cytology.: Doo Hyun Chung, In Ae Park, Eui Keun Ham; Korean J Cytopathol. 1991;2(1):51-55.

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Abstract PDF: The diagnosis of carcinoma in situ of urinary bladder is difficult in that the symptoms and cystoscopic findings are nonspecific. The cytology of urine could be helpful for diagnosis of carcinoma in situ of urinary bladder. We present a case of bladder washing cytology of carcinoma in situ. A 54 year old man presented with dysuria for 1 year. Cystoscopic findings revealed multifocal reddish trabeculated lesions. The bladder washing cytology revealed rather uniform tumor cells which were singly scattered or forming syncytium in the clean background. The nuclei were round to oval with inconspicious nucleoli. The cystoscopic biopsy revealed typical histologic features of carcinoma in situ of urinary bladder.

Adrenal Hemorrhage in a Newborn -An Autopsy Case Report-: Kyu Sun Rhee, Je G. Chi; Korean J Cytopathol. 1968;2(1):53-57.

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Abstract PDF: A case of bilateral adrenal hemorrhage in a three-day-old boy who was born after a labor period of more than 19 hours to a pre-eclamptic woman has been presented. The body weight of the baby at autopsy was 4,720 grams. The newborn developed a high fever, convulsion and dyspnea throughout the entire disease course. Autopsy revealed a massive hemorrhage in the adrenal glands especially in the right, replacing the majority of the adrenal tissue proper. There also was a subdural hematoma in the right parietal region. Birth trauma was assumed to be the most important contributing factor of the hemorrhage of the involved case. And it was emphasized that when the signs and symptoms of adrenal insufficiency appear in the infants born with difficulties, the adrenal hemorrhage should be considered first as the underlying cause.

Curschmann's spirals in cervico-vaginal smears.: In Ae Park, Eui Keun Ham; Korean J Cytopathol. 1991;2(1):56-61.

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Abstract: Curschmann' spirals morphologically similar to those seen in sputum were found in cervico-vaginal smears of six patients ranged from 28 to 40 years of age, during 18 months from January. 1985 to June. 1986. The prevalence was 1 in 2147 smears in that period. All of them had gynecologic disorders without systemic effect such as chronic cervictis in three, leiomyoma in one, pelvic inflammatory disorder in one, and primary infertility in one. The Curshmann' spirals in the smear showed varying degrees of maturation from wavy incipient ones to highly coiled mature ones, admixed with thick mucinous background, suggesting of their production in the uterine cervix itself. Also the recent history of undergone cryocautery, electrocautery or parturition suggest its production in the endocervical gland due to mechanical obstruction and/or change in biochemical composition of mucus.

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