Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Case Study

Combined Adenosquamous and Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Gallbladder: Jiyoon Jung, Yang-Seok Chae, Chul Hwan Kim, Youngseok Lee, Jeong Hyeon Lee, Dong-Sik Kim, Young-Dong Yu, Joo Young Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2018;52(2):121-125. Published online October 5, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.08.20

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Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the gallbladder is extremely rare and usually combined with other type of malignancy, mostly adenocarcinoma. We report an unusual case of combined adenosquamous carcinoma and LCNEC of the gallbladder in a 54-year-old woman. A radical cholecystectomy specimen revealed a 4.3×4.0 cm polypoid mass in the fundus with infiltration of adjacent liver parenchyma. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of two distinct components. Adenosquamous carcinoma was predominant and abrupt transition from adenocarcinoma to squamous cell carcinoma was observed. LCNEC showed round cells with large, vesicular nuclei, abundant mitotic figures, and occasional pseudorosette formation. The patient received adjuvant chemotherapy. However, multiple liver metastases were identified at 3-month follow-up. Metastatic nodules were composed of LCNEC and squamous cell carcinoma components. Detecting LCNEC component is important in gallbladder cancer, because the tumor may require a different chemotherapy regimen and show early metastasis and poor prognosis.

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Does the size of the neuroendocrine-carcinoma component determine the prognosis of gallbladder cancer?
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Comparison of Metastatic Patterns Among Neuroendocrine Tumors, Neuroendocrine Carcinomas, and Nonneuroendocrine Carcinomas of Various Primary Organs
Hyung Kyu Park, Ghee Young Kwon
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical features and outcomes analysis of Gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma
Man Jiang, Yijing Zhang
Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics.2023; 19(4): 910. CrossRef
Primary mixed large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder: A case report and literature review
Tingting Yu, Shike Li, Zhuo Zhang
Asian Journal of Surgery.2022; 45(11): 2336. CrossRef
Mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm of the gallbladder: case report and literature review
Xu Ren, Hong Jiang, Kan Sun, Xufu Qin, Yongping Qu, Tian Xia, Yan Chen
Diagnostic Pathology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Gallbladder: A Clinicopathological Analysis of 13 Patients and a Review of the Literature
Pengyan Wang, Jingci Chen, Ying Jiang, Congwei Jia, Junyi Pang, Shan Wang, Xiaoyan Chang, Oronzo Brunetti
Gastroenterology Research and Practice.2021; 2021: 1. CrossRef
Gallbladder Mixed Neuroendocrine-Non-neuroendocrine Neoplasm (MiNEN) Arising in Intracholecystic Papillary Neoplasm: Clinicopathologic and Molecular Analysis of a Case and Review of the Literature
Amedeo Sciarra, Edoardo Missiaglia, Mounir Trimech, Emmanuel Melloul, Jean-Philippe Brouland, Christine Sempoux, Stefano La Rosa
Endocrine Pathology.2020; 31(1): 84. CrossRef
Mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine carcinoma of gallbladder: case report
Adam Skalický, Lucie Vištejnová, Magdaléna Dubová, Tomáš Malkus, Tomáš Skalický, Ondřej Troup
World Journal of Surgical Oncology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Articles

Comparison of the Mismatch Repair System between Primary and Metastatic Colorectal Cancers Using Immunohistochemistry: Jiyoon Jung, Youngjin Kang, Yoo Jin Lee, Eojin Kim, Bokyung Ahn, Eunjung Lee, Joo Young Kim, Jeong Hyeon Lee, Youngseok Lee, Chul Hwan Kim, Yang-Seok Chae; J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51(2):129-136. Published online February 14, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2016.12.09

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Abstract PDF

Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Approximately 10%–15% of the CRC cases have defective DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Although the high level of microsatellite instability status is a predictor of favorable outcome in primary CRC, little is known about its frequency and importance in secondary CRC. Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) for MMR proteins (e.g., MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2) has emerged as a useful technique to complement polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses. Methods: In this study, comparison between the MMR system of primary CRCs and paired liver and lung metastatic lesions was done using IHC and the correlation with clinical outcomes was also examined. Results: Based on IHC, 7/61 primary tumors (11.4%) showed deficient MMR systems, while 13/61 secondary tumors (21.3%) showed deficiencies. In total, 44 cases showed proficient expression in both the primary and metastatic lesions. Three cases showed deficiencies in both the primary and paired metastatic lesions. In 10 cases, proficient expression was found only in the primary lesions, and not in the corresponding metastatic lesions. In four cases, proficient expression was detected in the secondary tumor, but not in the primary tumor. Conclusions: Although each IHC result and the likely defective genes were not exactly matched between the primary and the metastatic tumors, identical results for primary and metastatic lesions were obtained in 77% of the cases (47/61). These data are in agreement with the previous microsatellite detection studies that used PCR and IHC.

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Histomorphological and molecular genetic characterization of different intratumoral regions and matched metastatic lymph nodes of colorectal cancer with heterogenous mismatch repair protein expression
Jing Zhang, Xin Zhang, Qian Wang, Yu-yin Xu, Qian-lan Yao, Dan Huang, Wei-qi Sheng, Xiao-li Zhu, Xiao-yan Zhou, Qian-ming Bai
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.2023; 149(7): 3423. CrossRef
Intraindividual Tumor Heterogeneity of Mismatch Repair Status in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Qianpeng Huang, Tao Yu, Lei Li, Qi Zhang, Shiyao Zhang, Baosong Li, Xiaoping Li, Wanyi Xiao, Gang Liu
Applied Immunohistochemistry & Molecular Morphology.2023; 31(2): 84. CrossRef
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Charles Risbey, Timothy Fielder, Daniel Steffens, Joo‐Shik Shin, Michael Solomon
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Evaluating Mismatch Repair/Microsatellite Instability Status Using Cytology Effusion Specimens to Determine Eligibility for Immunotherapy
Elizabeth M. Jacobi, Gene Landon, Russell R. Broaddus, Sinchita Roy-Chowdhuri
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Médecine de précision et immunoradiothérapie
C. Chargari, C. Robert, C. Genestie, E. Deutsch
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Marina Baretti, Dung T. Le
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Robert M. Ta, Jonathan L. Hecht, Douglas I. Lin
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Clinical Epigenetics.2017;[Epub] CrossRef

Does Polymerase Chain Reaction of Tissue Specimens Aid in the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis?: Yoo Jin Lee, Seojin Kim, Youngjin Kang, Jiyoon Jung, Eunjung Lee, Joo-Young Kim, Jeong Hyeon Lee, Youngseok Lee, Yang-seok Chae, Chul Hwan Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2016;50(6):451-458. Published online October 10, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2016.08.04

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Abstract PDF

Background
Mycobacterial culture is the gold standard test for diagnosing tuberculosis (TB), but it is time-consuming. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a highly sensitive and specific method that can reduce the time required for diagnosis. The diagnostic efficacy of PCR differs, so this study determined the actual sensitivity of TB-PCR in tissue specimens.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 574 cases. The results of the nested PCR of the IS6110 gene, mycobacterial culture, TB-specific antigen-induced interferon-γ release assay (IGRA), acid-fast bacilli (AFB) staining, and histological findings were evaluated.
Results
The positivity rates were 17.6% for PCR, 3.3% for the AFB stain, 22.2% for mycobacterial culture, and 55.4% for IGRA. PCR had a low sensitivity (51.1%) and a high specificity (86.3%) based on the culture results of other studies. The sensitivity was higher (65.5%) in cases with necrotizing granuloma but showed the highest sensitivity (66.7%) in those with necrosis only. The concordance rate between the methods indicated that PCR was the best method compared to mycobacterial culture, and the concordance rate increased for the methods using positive result for PCR or histologic features.
Conclusions
PCR of tissue specimens is a good alternative to detect tuberculosis, but it may not be as sensitive as previously suggested. Its reliability may also be influenced by some histological features. Our data showed a higher sensitivity when specimens contained necrosis, which indicated that only specimens with necrosis should be used for PCR to detect tuberculosis.

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Mayur Parkhi, Mukin Kumar S, Dipankar De, Rakesh Yadav, Sunil Sethi, Bishan Dass Radotra, Uma Nahar Saikia
The American Journal of Dermatopathology.2021; 43(8): 567. CrossRef
Reduction of turnaround time for non-tuberculous mycobacteria detection in heater–cooler units by propidium monoazide–real-time polymerase chain reaction
S. Ditommaso, M. Giacomuzzi, G. Memoli, R. Cavallo, A. Curtoni, M. Avolio, C. Silvestre, C.M. Zotti
Journal of Hospital Infection.2020; 104(3): 365. CrossRef
Ergonomic Diagnostic Tool based on Chip Mini RT-PCR for Diagnosis of Pulmonary and Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis
V Mangayarkarasi, Sneka P, Sujith R, Jayaprakash Jayaprakash
Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology.2019; 13(2): 1185. CrossRef
Cutaneous Tuberculosis: Clinicopathologic Arrays and Diagnostic Challenges
Priyatam Khadka, Soniya Koirala, Januka Thapaliya
Dermatology Research and Practice.2018; 2018: 1. CrossRef
Utility of Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction in DetectingMycobacterium tuberculosis
Zhongquan Lv, Mingxin Zhang, Hui Zhang, Xinxin Lu
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Primary Appendicular Tuberculosis
Vipul D Yagnik
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Morphometric Analysis of Thyroid Follicular Cells with Atypia of Undetermined Significance: Youngjin Kang, Yoo Jin Lee, Jiyoon Jung, Youngseok Lee, Nam Hee Won, Yang Seok Chae; J Pathol Transl Med. 2016;50(4):287-293. Published online June 13, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2016.04.04

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Abstract PDF

Background
Atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) is a category that encompasses a heterogeneous group of thyroid aspiration cytology. It has been reclassified into two subgroups based on the cytomorphologic features: AUS with cytologic atypia and AUS with architectural atypia. The nuclear characteristics of AUS with cytologic atypia need to be clarified by comparing to those observed in Hashimoto thyroiditis and benign follicular lesions.
Methods
We selected 84 cases of AUS with histologic follow-up, 24 cases of Hashimoto thyroiditis, and 26 cases of benign follicular lesions. We also subcategorized the AUS group according to the follow-up biopsy results into a papillary carcinoma group and a nodular hyperplasia group. The differences in morphometric parameters, including the nuclear areas and perimeters, were compared between these groups.
Results
The AUS group had significantly smaller nuclear areas than the Hashimoto thyroiditis group, but the nuclear perimeters were not statistically different. The AUS group also had significantly smaller nuclear areas than the benign follicular lesion group; however, the AUS group had significantly longer nuclear perimeters. The nuclear areas in the papillary carcinoma group were significantly smaller than those in the nodular hyperplasia group; however, the nuclear perimeters were not statistically different.
Conclusions
We found the AUS group to be a heterogeneous entity, including histologic follow-up diagnoses of papillary carcinoma and nodular hyperplasia. The AUS group showed significantly greater nuclear irregularities than the other two groups. Utilizing these features, nuclear morphometry could lead to improvements in the accuracy of the subjective diagnoses made with thyroid aspiration cytology.

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Meta-analysis on the utility of morphometry in the cytological differential diagnosis of thyroid neoplasms
Prema Saldanha
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Morphometric study in thyroid tumors
Iuliana Mohorea, Bogdan Socea, Alexandru Carâp, Dragoș Șerban, Zenaida Ceaușu, Mihail Ceaușu
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Brief Case Report

Intramuscular Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor, Diffuse-Type: Yoo Jin Lee, Youngjin Kang, Jiyoon Jung, Seojin Kim, Chul Hwan Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2016;50(4):306-308. Published online January 11, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2015.11.15

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