Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Case Study

Silicone lymphadenopathy of the axilla: a potential for misdiagnosis as metastatic carcinoma on fine-needle aspiration cytology: Nah Ihm Kim, Hyo-Jae Lee, Ji Shin Lee; J Pathol Transl Med. 2026;60(6):726-731. Published online November 3, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2026.09.08

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Abstract PDF: Silicone lymphadenopathy is an uncommon but well-recognized complication of silicone implant placement resulting from migration of silicone to regional lymph nodes. In patients with prior breast implantation, silicone lymphadenopathy most commonly involves the axillary lymph nodes. Because axillary lymphadenopathy may reflect malignant disease, including metastatic carcinoma, thorough evaluation to exclude neoplasia is essential. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) serves as a valuable initial diagnostic modality in the assessment of axillary lymphadenopathy; however, silicone-induced foreign body reactions within lymph nodes may be misinterpreted as metastatic malignancy when silicone lymphadenopathy is not included in the initial differential diagnosis. Herein, a case of axillary silicone lymphadenopathy initially misdiagnosed as metastatic carcinoma on FNAC is presented. This case highlights the importance of recognizing the distinctive cytomorphologic features of silicone lymphadenopathy, which may be sufficiently characteristic to prompt consideration of prior breast implant history during cytopathologic evaluation.

Brief Case Report

Collagenous Spherulosis Associated with Lobular Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast: Two Case Reports: Ga-Eon Kim, Nah Ihm Kim, Ji Shin Lee, Min Ho Park; J Pathol Transl Med. 2018;52(6):420-424. Published online March 29, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.03.29

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Citations

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Silent but Distinct: Rare Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Breast
Soumiya Samba, Soufiane Berhili, Ahmed BenSghier, Mohamed Moukhlissi, Loubna Mezouar
Cureus.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Immunohistochemical marker profiles for the differentiation of collagenous spherulosis from adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast
Henriette L. Warm, Leonie D. Kandt, Nora Schaumann, Christopher Werlein, Malte Gronewold, Henriette Christgen, Malin Hellmann, Marcel Lafos, Bernd Auber, Peter Hillemanns, Hans Kreipe, Matthias Christgen
Human Pathology.2024; 148: 7. CrossRef
Collagenous Spherulosis in Benign Lichenoid Keratosis—Breaking the Monopoly of Breast Lesions
Anurag Sharma, Jeremy Brozyna, Daniel Knabel, Wilma F. Bergfeld
The American Journal of Dermatopathology.2020; 42(8): 620. CrossRef

Case Study

Metaplastic Carcinoma with Chondroid Differentiation Arising in Microglandular Adenosis: Ga-Eon Kim, Nah Ihm Kim, Ji Shin Lee, Min Ho Park; J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51(4):418-421. Published online April 4, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2016.10.06

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115 Download
5 Web of Science
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Abstract PDF

Microglandular adenosis (MGA) of the breast is a rare, benign proliferative lesion but with a significant rate of associated carcinoma. Herein, we report an unusual case of metaplastic carcinoma with chondroid differentiation associated with typical MGA. Histologically, MGA showed a direct transition to metaplastic carcinoma without an intervening atypical MGA or ductal carcinoma in situ component. The immunohistochemical profile of the metaplastic carcinoma was mostly similar to that of MGA. In both areas, all the epithelial cells were positive for S-100 protein, but negative for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER2/neu, and epidermal growth factor receptor. An increase in the Ki-67 and p53 labelling index was observed from MGA to invasive carcinoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of metaplastic carcinoma with chondroid differentiation arising in MGA in Korea. This case supports the hypothesis that a subset of MGA may be a non-obligate morphologic precursor of breast carcinoma, especially the triple-negative subtype.

Citations

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Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Metaplastic Matrix-Producing Carcinoma and Apocrine Lobular Carcinoma In Situ Associated with Microglandular Adenosis: A Unique Case Report
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Cancer Treatment and Research Communications.2020; 24: 100178. CrossRef
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Human Pathology.2019; 85: 65. CrossRef

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