Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Original Articles

Fine needle aspiration cytology diagnoses of follicular thyroid carcinoma: results from a multicenter study in Asia: Hee Young Na, Miyoko Higuchi, Shinya Satoh, Kaori Kameyama, Chan Kwon Jung, Su-Jin Shin, Shipra Agarwal, Jen-Fan Hang, Yun Zhu, Zhiyan Liu, Andrey Bychkov, Kennichi Kakudo, So Yeon Park; J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(6):331-340. Published online November 7, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.10.12

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Background
This study was designed to compare diagnostic categories of thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and incidence of thyroid tumors in the multi-institutional Asian series with a special focus on diagnostic category IV (suspicious for a follicular neoplasm) and follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTCs). Methods: Distribution of FNAC categories, incidence of thyroid tumors in resection specimens and cytologic diagnoses of surgically confirmed follicular adenomas (FAs) and FTCs were collected from 10 institutes from five Asian countries and were compared among countries and between FAs and FTCs. Results: The frequency of category IV diagnoses (3.0%) in preoperative FNAC were significantly lower compared to those in Western countries (10.1%). When comparing diagnostic categories among Asian countries, category IV was more frequent in Japan (4.6%) and India (7.9%) than in Taiwan (1.4%), Korea (1.4%), and China (3.6%). Similarly, incidence of FAs and FTCs in surgical resection specimens was significantly higher in Japan (10.9%) and India (10.1%) than in Taiwan (5.5%), Korea (3.0%), and China (2.5%). FTCs were more commonly diagnosed as category IV in Japan (77.5%) than in Korea (33.3%) and China (35.0%). Nuclear pleomorphism, nuclear crowding, microfollicular pattern, and dyshesive cell pattern were more common in FTCs compared with FAs. Conclusions: Our study highlighted the difference in FNAC diagnostic categories of FTCs among Asian countries, which is likely related to different reporting systems and thyroid cancer incidence. Cytologic features such as nuclear pleomorphism, nuclear crowding, microfollicular pattern, and dyshesive cell pattern were found to be useful in diagnosing FTCs more effectively.

Histopathologic classification and immunohistochemical features of papillary renal neoplasm with potential therapeutic targets: Jeong Hwan Park, Su-Jin Shin, Hyun-Jung Kim, Sohee Oh, Yong Mee Cho; J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(6):321-330. Published online September 12, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.07.31

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Background
Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is the second most common histological subtype of renal cell carcinoma and is considered a morphologically and molecularly heterogeneous tumor. Accurate classification and assessment of the immunohistochemical features of possible therapeutic targets are needed for precise patient care. We aimed to evaluate immunohistochemical features and possible therapeutic targets of papillary renal neoplasms
Methods
We collected 140 papillary renal neoplasms from three different hospitals and conducted immunohistochemical studies on tissue microarray slides. We performed succinate dehydrogenase B, fumarate hydratase, and transcription factor E3 immunohistochemical studies for differential diagnosis and re-classified five cases (3.6%) of papillary renal neoplasms. In addition, we conducted c-MET, p16, c-Myc, Ki-67, p53, and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) immunohistochemical studies to evaluate their pathogenesis and value for therapeutic targets.
Results
We found that c-MET expression was more common in pRCC (classic) (p = .021) among papillary renal neoplasms and Ki-67 proliferation index was higher in pRCC (not otherwise specified, NOS) compared to that of pRCC (classic) and papillary neoplasm with reverse polarity (marginal significance, p = .080). Small subsets of cases with p16 block positivity (4.5%) (pRCC [NOS] only) and c-Myc expression (7.1%) (pRCC [classic] only) were found. Also, there were some cases showing STING expression and those cases were associated with increased Ki-67 proliferation index (marginal significance, p = .063).
Conclusions
Our findings suggested that there are subsets of pRCC with c-MET, p16, c-MYC, and STING expression and those cases could be potential candidates for targeted therapy.

Citations

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Tissue-Based Biomarkers Important for Prognostication and Management of Genitourinary Tumors, Including Surrogate Markers of Genomic Alterations
Leonie Beauchamp, Shreeya Indulkar, Eric Erak, Mohammad Salimian, Andres Matoso
Surgical Pathology Clinics.2025; 18(1): 175. CrossRef

Loss of Nuclear BAP1 Expression Is Associated with High WHO/ISUP Grade in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Young Chan Wi, Ahrim Moon, Min Jung Jung, Yeseul Kim, Seong Sik Bang, Kiseok Jang, Seung Sam Paik, Su-Jin Shin; J Pathol Transl Med. 2018;52(6):378-385. Published online October 1, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.09.21

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Abstract PDF

Background
BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) mutations are frequently reported in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC); however, very few studies have evaluated the role of these mutations in other renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtypes. Therefore, we analyzed BAP1 protein expression using immunohistochemistry in several RCC subtypes and assessed its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics of patients.
Methods
BAP1 expression was immunohistochemically evaluated in tissue microarray blocks constructed from 371 samples of RCC collected from two medical institutions. BAP1 expression was evaluated based on the extent of nuclear staining in tumor cells, and no expression or expression in < 10% of tumor cells was defined as negative.
Results
Loss of BAP1 expression was observed in ccRCC (56/300, 18.7%), chromophobe RCC (6/26, 23.1%), and clear cell papillary RCC (1/4, 25%), while we failed to detect BAP1 expression loss in papillary RCC, acquired cystic disease-associated RCC, or collecting duct carcinoma. In ccRCC, loss of BAP1 expression was significantly associated with high World Health Organization (WHO)/International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade (p = .002); however, no significant correlation was observed between loss of BAP1 expression and survival in ccRCC. Loss of BAP1 expression showed no association with prognostic factors in chromophobe RCC.
Conclusions
Loss of BAP1 nuclear expression was observed in both ccRCC and chromophobe RCC. In addition, BAP1 expression loss was associated with poor prognostic factors such as high WHO/ISUP grade in ccRCC.

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Mahmut Akgul, Sean R Williamson
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BRCA1-Associated Protein 1 (BAP-1) as a Prognostic and Predictive Biomarker in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review
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Review

Overview of IgG4-Related Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Its Mimickers: Hyeon Joo Jeong, Su-Jin Shin, Beom Jin Lim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2016;50(1):26-36. Published online December 14, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2015.11.09

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Abstract PDF

Tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) is the most common form of renal involvement in IgG4-related disease. It is characterized by a dominant infiltrate of IgG4-positive plasma cells in the interstitium and storiform fibrosis. Demonstration of IgG4-positive plasma cells is essential for diagnosis, but the number of IgG4-positive cells and the ratio of IgG4-positive/IgG-positive plasma cells may vary from case to case and depending on the methods of tissue sampling even in the same case. IgG4-positive plasma cells can be seen in TIN associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome, or anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis, which further add diagnostic confusion and difficulties. To have a more clear view of IgG4-TIN and to delineate differential points from other TIN with IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltrates, clinical and histological features of IgG4-TIN and its mimickers were reviewed. In the rear part, cases suggesting overlap of IgG4-TIN and its mimickers and glomerulonephritis associated with IgG4-TIN were briefly described.

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E. V. Lebedeva, M. V. Novoseltsev, A. N. Lvov, I. V. Khamaganova
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Tao Su, Li Yang, Zhao Cui, Su-xia Wang, Ming-hui Zhao
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Brief Case Report

Mixed Carcinoid-Mucinous Adenocarcinoma Arising in Mature Teratoma of Mesentery: Su-Jin Shin, Eun-Mi Son, Chang Ohk Sung, Kyu-Rae Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2015;49(1):61-65. Published online January 15, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2014.09.17

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PDF

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Original Articles

Expression of CD99 in Multiple Myeloma: A Clinicopathologic and Immunohistochemical Study of 170 Cases: Su-Jin Shin, Hyangsin Lee, Geunyoung Jung, Minchan Gil, Hosub Park, Young Soo Park, Dok Hyun Yoon, Cheolwon Suh, Chan-Jeoung Park, Jooryung Huh, Chan-Sik Park; Korean J Pathol. 2014;48(3):209-216. Published online June 26, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2014.48.3.209

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Abstract PDF

Background

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogeneous and ultimately fatal disease. Risk stratification using prognostic biomarkers is crucial to individualize treatments. We sought to investigate the role of CD99, a transmembrane protein highly expressed in many hematopoietic cells including subpopulations of normal and neoplastic plasma cells, for MM risk stratification.

Methods

CD99 expression was measured in paraffin samples of bone marrow and extramedullary biopsies of 170 patients with MM. Patients were divided into those with high score (moderately and strongly positive) and low score (negative and weakly positive), with all staining being cytoplasmic and/or membranous.

Results

High anti-CD99 immunostaining was observed in 72 of 136 (52.9%) bone marrow biopsies and 24 of 87 (27.6%) extramedullary biopsies in MM. High CD99 expression of extramedullary specimens was associated with significantly longer overall survival (OS; p=.016). High CD99 expression of extramedullary specimens was also associated with better prognosis in the nonautologous stem cell transplantation group of MM patients (p=.044). In multivariate analysis, International Staging System stage was an independent prognostic factor, whereas CD99 expression was no longer statistically significant.

Conclusions

Expression of CD99 in extramedullary specimens was correlated with longer OS, suggesting that CD99 may be a helpful immunohistochemical marker for risk stratification.

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Tumor suppressor CD99 is downregulated in plasma cell neoplasms lacking CCND1 translocation and distinguishes neoplastic from normal plasma cells and B-cell lymphomas with plasmacytic differentiation from primary plasma cell neoplasms
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EWSR1 fusion proteins mediate PAX7 expression in Ewing sarcoma
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CD99 Is Strongly Expressed in Basal Cells of the Normal Adult Epidermis and Some Subpopulations of Appendages: Comparison with Developing Fetal Skin
Gawon Choi, Jin Roh, Chan-Sik Park
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Towards Stratified Medicine in Plasma Cell Myeloma
Philip Egan, Stephen Drain, Caroline Conway, Anthony Bjourson, H. Alexander
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2016; 17(10): 1760. CrossRef
Human Myeloma Cell Lines Induce Osteoblast Downregulation of CD99 Which Is Involved in Osteoblast Formation and Activity
Angela Oranger, Giacomina Brunetti, Claudia Carbone, Graziana Colaianni, Teresa Mongelli, Isabella Gigante, Roberto Tamma, Giorgio Mori, Adriana Di Benedetto, Marika Sciandra, Selena Ventura, Katia Scotlandi, Silvia Colucci, Maria Grano
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CD99 regulates CXCL12-induced chemotaxis of human plasma cells
Minchan Gil, Hyo-Kyung Pak, A-Neum Lee, Seo-Jung Park, Yoonkyung Lee, Jin Roh, Hyunji Lee, Yoo-Sam Chung, Chan-Sik Park
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Prognostic Significance of Absolute Lymphocyte Count/Absolute Monocyte Count Ratio at Diagnosis in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: Su-Jin Shin, Jin Roh, Misung Kim, Min Jung Jung, Young Wha Koh, Chan-Sik Park, Dok Hyun Yoon, Cheolwon Suh, Chan-Jeong Park, Hyun Sook Chi, Jooryung Huh; Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(6):526-533. Published online December 24, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.6.526

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Abstract PDF

Background

Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) in peripheral blood has recently been reported to be an independent prognostic factor in multiple myeloma (MM). Previous studies indicated that the absolute monocyte count (AMC) in peripheral blood reflects the state of the tumor microenvironment in lymphomas. Neither the utility of the AMC nor its relationship with ALC has been studied in MM.

Methods

The prognostic value of ALC, AMC, and the ALC/AMC ratio at the time of diagnosis was retrospectively examined in 189 patients with MM.

Results

On univariate analysis, low ALC (<1,400 cells/µL), high AMC (≥490 cells/µL), and low ALC/AMC ratio (<2.9) were correlated with worse overall survival (OS) (p=.002, p=.038, and p=.001, respectively). On multivariate analysis, the ALC/AMC ratio was an independent prognostic factor (p=.047), whereas ALC and AMC were no longer statistical significant. Low ALC, high AMC, and low ALC/AMC ratio were associated with poor prognostic factors such as high International Staging System stage, plasmablastic morphology, hypoalbuminemia, and high β2-microglobulin.

Conclusions

Univariate analysis demonstrated that changes in ALC, AMC, and the ALC/AMC ratio are associated with patient survival in MM. Multivariate analysis showed that, of these factors, the ALC/AMC ratio was an independent prognostic factor for OS.

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Metastatic Carcinomas to the Oral Cavity and Oropharynx: Su-Jin Shin, Jong-Lyel Roh, Seung-Ho Choi, Soon Yuhl Nam, Sang Yoon Kim, Sung Bae Kim, Sang-wook Lee, Kyung-Ja Cho; Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(3):266-271. Published online June 22, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.3.266

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Abstract PDF

Background

Metastases to the oral/oropharynx are very rare and their diagnosis is challenging.

Methods

We reviewed pathologic data for malignant tumors of the oral/oropharynx that were diagnosed at the Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea from 1995 until 2010.

Results

Twenty-nine cases of oral/oropharyngeal metastases were retrieved, comprising 2.0% of 1,445 malignancies. The most common primary sites were the liver and lung, followed by the stomach, colon, breast, prostate, and kidney. The gingiva was the most common metastatic site, followed by the tonsil/pillar, mandible, tongue, tongue base, palate mucosa, mouth floor, and buccal mucosa. Intervals between detection of primary tumors and metastases were variable, from -1 month to 104 months. Ten patients with lung (7 cases), liver, stomach, and kidney carcinomas manifested with oral/oropharyngeal metastases as the first sign of systemic metastases. The majority of patients had died within one year of the onset of an oral/oropharyngeal metastasis, but exceptionally long-lived cases were also present. The survival periods of patients with lung cancers were longer than those of patients with non-pulmonary tumors.

Conclusions

An awareness of the incidence, common primary sites, metastatic subsites, and metastatic courses or patterns of oral/oropharyngeal metastases is helpful in the diagnosis of metastatic carcinomas.

Citations

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