Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Review

Interpretation of PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer: summary of a consensus meeting of Korean gastrointestinal pathologists: Soomin Ahn, Yoonjin Kwak, Gui Young Kwon, Kyoung-Mee Kim, Moonsik Kim, Hyunki Kim, Young Soo Park, Hyeon Jeong Oh, Kyoungyul Lee, Sung Hak Lee, Hye Seung Lee; J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(3):103-116. Published online April 25, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.03.15

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Nivolumab plus chemotherapy in the first-line setting has demonstrated clinical efficacy in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative advanced or metastatic gastric cancer, and is currently indicated as a standard treatment. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is an important biomarker for predicting response to anti–programmed death 1/PD-L1 agents in several solid tumors, including gastric cancer. In the CheckMate-649 trial, significant clinical improvements were observed in patients with PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS) ≥ 5, determined using the 28-8 pharmDx assay. Accordingly, an accurate interpretation of PD-L1 CPS, especially at a cutoff of 5, is important. The CPS method evaluates both immune and tumor cells and provides a comprehensive assessment of PD-L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment of gastric cancer. However, CPS evaluation has several limitations, one of which is poor interobserver concordance among pathologists. Despite these limitations, clinical indications relying on PD-L1 CPS are increasing. In response, Korean gastrointestinal pathologists held a consensus meeting for the interpretation of PD-L1 CPS in gastric cancer. Eleven pathologists reviewed 20 PD-L1 slides with a CPS cutoff close to 5, stained with the 28-8 pharmDx assay, and determined the consensus scores. The issues observed in discrepant cases were discussed. In this review, we present cases of gastric cancer with consensus PD-L1 CPS. In addition, we briefly touch upon current practices and clinical issues associated with assays used for the assessment of PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Adjuvant immunotherapy in patients with resected gastric and oesophagogastric junction cancer following preoperative chemotherapy with high risk for recurrence (ypN+ and/or R1): European Organisation of Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) 1707 VESTIG
F. Lordick, M.E. Mauer, G. Stocker, C.A. Cella, I. Ben-Aharon, G. Piessen, L. Wyrwicz, G. Al-Haidari, T. Fleitas-Kanonnikoff, V. Boige, R. Lordick Obermannová, U.M. Martens, C. Gomez-Martin, P. Thuss-Patience, V. Arrazubi, A. Avallone, K.K. Shiu, P. Artru
Annals of Oncology.2025; 36(2): 197. CrossRef
PD-L1 as a Biomarker in Gastric Cancer Immunotherapy
Yunjoo Cho, Soomin Ahn, Kyoung-Mee Kim
Journal of Gastric Cancer.2025; 25(1): 177. CrossRef
PD-L1 importance in malignancies comprehensive insights into the role of PD-L1 in malignancies: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities
Mojdeh Soltani, Mohammad Abbaszadeh, Hamed Fouladseresht, Mark J. M. Sullman, Nahid Eskandari
Clinical and Experimental Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
PD-L1 thresholds predict efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition in first-line treatment of advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. A systematic review and meta-analysis of seven phase III randomized trials
V. Formica, C. Morelli, L. Fornaro, S. Riondino, M. Rofei, E. Fontana, E.C. Smyth, M. Roselli, H.-T. Arkenau
ESMO Open.2024; 9(11): 103967. CrossRef

Original Article

Evaluation of the characteristics of multiple human papillomavirus (HPV) infections identified using the BD Onclarity HPV assay and comparison with those of single HPV infection: Jinhee Kim, Moonsik Kim, Ji Young Park; J Pathol Transl Med. 2022;56(5):289-293. Published online September 13, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.08.02

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Background
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major cause of cervical cancer and associated precursor lesions. Multiple HPV genotype infections have been reported. However, their clinicopathological characteristics still remain elusive.
Methods
For this study, 814 consecutive patients who had undergone colposcopy and HPV genotyping test using BD Onclarity HPV assay were retrospectively selected. Clinicopathological parameters of multiple HPV infections were compared with those of single HPV infection.
Results
Multiple HPV infections were found in 110 out of 814 cases (13.5%). Multiple HPV infections were associated with a significantly higher incidence of high-grade intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) compared with single HPV infection. Other high-risk HPV genotypes, in addition to HPV 16, were found more frequently in the multiple HPV infections group; these included HPV 51, 52, 33/58, 56/59/66, and 35/39/68. No specific coinfection pattern was not identified. Additionally, the number of HPV genotypes in multiple HPV infections was not associated with the progression to HSIL or squamous cell carcinoma.
Conclusions
Multiple HPV infections have distinct clinicopathological characteristics (compared with single HPV infection). As their biological behavior is uncertain, close and frequent follow-up is warranted.

Citations

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The Prevalence of Multi-Type Infections Among Human Papillomavirus Types in Korean Women
Jang Mook Kim, Hee Seung Song, Jieun Hwang, Jae Kyung Kim
Pathogens.2025; 14(4): 369. CrossRef
The cervical cancer related distribution, coinfection and risk of 15 HPV types in Baoan, Shenzhen, in 2017–2023
Rukai Li, Weiwei Meng, Yunhai Zuo, Yanli Xu, Shaonan Wu
Virology Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular findings and virological assessment of bladder papillomavirus infection in cattle
Francesca De Falco, Anna Cutarelli, Francesca Luisa Fedele, Cornel Catoi, Sante Roperto
Veterinary Quarterly.2024; 44(1): 1. CrossRef
Patterns of single and multiple HPV infections in female: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Dan Zhou, Jing Xue, Yaqiong Sun, Liling Zhu, Ming Zhao, Meimei Cui, Min Zhang, Jingjing Jia, Limei Luo
Heliyon.2024; 10(17): e35736. CrossRef
Age distribution of patients with multiple High-Risk Human Papilloma Virus (HR-HPV) genotypes and HPV vaccine recommendations by age
Gülçin Çetin Uysal, Nil Tekin
Family Practice and Palliative Care.2024; 9(3): 80. CrossRef
Relative distribution of HPV genotypes in histological cervical samples and associated grade lesion in a women population over the last 16 years in Burgundy, France
Christelle Auvray, Serge Douvier, Odile Caritey, Jean-Baptiste Bour, Catherine Manoha
Frontiers in Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Epidemiologic characteristics of high-risk HPV and the correlation between multiple infections and cervical lesions
Qinli Luo, Xianghua Zeng, Hanyi Luo, Ling Pan, Ying Huang, Haiyan Zhang, Na Han
BMC Infectious Diseases.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Case Study

Renal intravascular large B cell lymphoma: the first case report in Korea and a review of the literature: Moonsik Kim, Haerim Chung, Woo Ick Yang, Hyeon Joo Jeong; J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(5):426-431. Published online August 13, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2020.06.18

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Herein, we describe the first case of renal intravascular large B cell lymphoma in Korea occurring in a 66-year-old female. She presented with mild fever and dyspnea. On physical and laboratory evaluations, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis was suspected, but the bone marrow biopsy results were unremarkable. During the work-up, massive proteinuria developed, which led to a renal biopsy. The renal architecture was relatively well-preserved, but the glomeruli were hypercellular with the infiltration of atypical, large lymphoid cells with increased nucleus-cytoplasm ratio and clumped chromatin. Similar cells were also present in the peritubular capillaries. The tumor cells exhibited membranous staining for CD20 and CD79a. After the diagnosis of intravascular large B cell lymphoma, the patient received rituximab-based chemotherapy under close follow-up.

Citations

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Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system with renal involvement: a case report and literature review
Jun Li, Zhaojiao Li, Yifeng Shi, Jiajie Chen, Heng Zhao, Xueye Mao, Shan Li, Huiying Wang, Qiang Meng, Lingchun Liu
Frontiers in Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
EBV-Positive Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma of the Small Intestine: A Case Report and Literature Review
Chenglong Pan, Xiaoling Ma, Yanfei Yao, Chunyan Wang
International Journal of Surgical Pathology.2024; 32(3): 586. CrossRef
Intravascular large B‐cell lymphoma in renal cell carcinoma incidentally detected by robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy
Michio Noda, Yutaka Enomoto, Yukari Shirasugi, Sumiyo Ando, Yukimasa Matsuzawa, Haruki Kume
IJU Case Reports.2022; 5(3): 191. CrossRef
Case Report: Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Clinicopathologic Study of Four Cases With Review of Additional 331 Cases in the Literature
Yingying Han, Qingjiao Li, Dan Wang, Lushan Peng, Tao Huang, Chunlin Ou, Keda Yang, Junpu Wang
Frontiers in Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Renal Involvement of CD20-Negative Intravascular Large B Cell Lymphoma with Neurological Manifestations
Faten Aqeel, Serena M. Bagnasco, Duvuru Geetha, Yoshihide Fujigaki
Case Reports in Nephrology.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef

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