Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Volume 8(2); December 1974

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A Study on Malignant Tumors among Korean Infants and Children: Sang Kook Lee; J Pathol Transl Med. 1974;8(2):71-77.

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Abstract: In many countries cancer is now the second to third most common causes of death in the children over the age of one year. And it has been recently become apparent that there is much variation in the frequency ratio of tumors from country to country and within different communities in childhood as there is in adult cancer. In this connection, a statistical survey was performed on the primary malignant tumors of Korean infants and children based on biopsy, and bone marrow materials. In this study total 237 cases of the primary malignant tumors(male 151 and female 86 cases) diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University during the period of ten years, 1960 to 1969 were examined. Among the malignant tumors in both sexes, the relative frequency ratio is highest for leukemia(51.9%) and thereafter in order of frequency ratios, for lymphoma(12.2%), Wilms’ tumor(7 2%), soft tissue tumor(5.9%), carcinoma(5.1%), brain tumor or gonadal and germ cell tumor(3.8% respectively), retinoblastoma(3.0%) and sympathetic tissue tumor(2.5%). The relative frequency of malignant tumors among Korean infants and children show some different points as compared to those of Western European populations. Among lymphomas, lymphosarcoma is by far the most frequent type, whereas in British Hodgkin’s disease and lymphosarcoma occurred about equally. In Korea malignant tumors of the brain and neuroblastoma are much less frequent. Hepatocellular carcinoma is more frequent in Korea and Japan than in the West. In Korea and Japan Ewing’s sarcoma is rare or much less frequent than osteosarcoma, whereas in European countries including British the two diseases are almost equally frequent during childhood.

An Experimental Study on the Effect of Drugs to the Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood in Rabbits: Bo Ryun Kim, Sang In Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 1974;8(2):79-89.

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Abstract: An experimental study was performed to understand the nature of pancytopenia and/or aplastic anemia due to drugs, and to provide the data for the further experiments to detect the pathogenesis of drug induced aplastic anemia. Facing high prevalence rate of aplastic anemia in Korea authors believe that some of these cases are due to toxic herb medicine, some of them being included in this experiment. A group of 5 to 7 rabbits were treated with chloramphenical, phenylbutazone, herb medicines - Buza, Daekeok, Choho and Banha for upto 5 months. The detailed changes of peripheral blood and bone marrow were analysed in weekly bases. The following results were obtained. 1. A pancytopenia and bone marrow hypoplasia that is compatible with aplastic anemia was induced in each one of the chloramphenicol, phenylbutazone and Daekeok treated rabbit group. The degree of aplastic marrow changes were most prominent in CM treated rabbit and the changes due to phenylbutazone and the Daekeok was milder than that of CM. 2. In those cases with aplastic blood and marrow picture, the decrease of platelet count was first appearing and constant finding, while the decrease of hemoglobin and reticulocyte was a subsequent finding of constant and progressive one, the leukopenia or relative lymphocytosis were variable according to the drugs and rabbits. The bone marrow of these aplastic cases disclosed an increased fat, decreased number of nucleated cells with decreased granulocytic and megakaryocytic series, increased proportion of lymphocytes, plasma cells and reticulum cells in relative number. Increased number of mast cells was one of constant findings. 3. Though transient, the peripheral blood of many rabbits in each drug-treated groups disclosed a thrombocytopenia, anemia or decreased reticulocyte count and/or leukopenia. This tendency was more frequent in those groups treated with chloramphenicol, phenylbutazone and Daekeok. The bone marrow in these cases did not showed any significant hypoplasia, however there was a relatively increased number of lymphocytes, plasma cells and reticulum cells. The mast cells was also encountered occasionally. 4. The peripheral blood of some rabbits, especially in those treated with herb medicine disclosed a transient increase of some blood cells, however the bone marrows did not disclosed any particular changes. 5. Even with same drug, the peripheral blood and bone marrow exhibited a considerable variations according to the individual animal, duration of drug administration and the site of bone marrows obtained. 6. Pancytopenia with bone marrow hypoplasia or aplasia due to drugs may be attributable to the kind of drugs and ice duration of drug administration, however, the species and individual susceptibility of animals to the particular drug seems to play a key role in this sort of experiment. The authors highly suspect the pathogenetical correlation of mast cells in the drug induced aplasia of bone marrow.

Histological Specificity of Borderline Malignancy of Ovarian Serous and Mucinous Tumors: Chae Koo Lee, Yong Il Kim, Kye Yong Song; J Pathol Transl Med. 1974;8(2):91-97.

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Abstract: One hundred and fourteen consecutive cases of histologically verified ovarian serous and mucinous tumors were reevaluated to clarify the histological specificity of borderline malignancy. The unique and definitive diagnostic criterion for the establishment of borderline malignancy of both serous and mucinous tumors is aggressive proliferation of lining cells without neighboring stromal invasiveness, but further reliable informations to suggest such low grade malignancy include less pleomorphic tumor cells with no apparent solid epithelial cell nest or secondary gland formation. Among various histological and cytological characteristics in relation to cellular pleomorphism, presence of one or more macronucleoli was very closely correlated with histological gradings of both tumors. True papillary growth with tendency of forming delicate secondary branching and marked epithelial stratification in serous tumors and the leakage of mucin into the adjacent stromal tissue in mucinous tumors were additional strong suggestions of invasive carcinoma, for which borderline malignancy should not be taken into consideration when some, but not all, of the above morphological features were detected.

Studies on the Usefulness of Paraffin Embedded Tissue for Electronmicroscopy by Reprocessing: Chung Sook Kim, Yoo Bock Lee, Dong Sik Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 1974;8(2):99-108.

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Abstract: Paraffin embedded tissue after the fixation in 10% neutral formalin for routine light microscopy were deparaffinized and reprocessed for electronmicroscopy. While a large part of ultrastrures were poorly preserved, some of structures, namely nucleolus, nuclear chromatin, inner nulcear membrane, specific cytoplasmic granules, dense bodies, cell skeleton, and desmosomes were relatively well preserved. Thus even the routine paraffin embedded tissues can be used for the demonstration of these ultrastructures when desired, in addition to that it is much easier to select area to be desired for the electronmicroscopic examinations.

Effect of Rheum coreanum.N. on Hematopoietic Activity of Blooded Rabbit: Sang Chull Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 1974;8(2):115-121.

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Abstract: Rheum coreanum Nakai(R.C.N.) has been known to possess phytohemoagglutinin activity. This experimental study is undertaken to evaluate whether R.C.N. has effect on hematopoietic activity in rabbit. Each rabbit of experimental group was injected 1.0ml of R.C.N. extract intravenously just after bleeding, and studied peripheral blood in R.B.C. count, hematocrit, hemoglobin, reticulocyte count, total W.B.C. count, Iymphocyte and granulocyte count. The result obtained are as follow : 1. Interval of recovery in erythrocytic series was shortened by R.C.N. injection after bleeding. 2. Higher level of peripheral leukocyte count in early stage was noted by R.C.N. injection after bleeding. 3. Higher level of peripheral leukocyte count was due to increased lymphocyte count. R.C.N. seems to possess activities to stimulate the bone marrow hematopoiesis and the blastoid transformation of lymphocytes.

Effect of Eugenia c. t. on Hematopoietic Activity of Bleeded Rabbit: Moon Ja Kang; J Pathol Transl Med. 1974;8(2):123-129.

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Abstract: Eugenia caryophyllata tumberg (ECT) has been known to have possessed phytohemagglutinin activity. This study was undertaken to evaluate whether ECT has an effect on the erythropoietic activity. Rabbits of experimental group were injected 1.0ml. of ECT extract intravenously just after bleeding and studied peripheral blood in R.B.C. count, hematocrit, reticulocyte count, hemoglobin, total W.B.C. count, lymphocyte and granulocyte count. The results obtained are as follow: 1. Marked decrease in R.B.C. count, hemoglobin and hematocrit were noted on the first and second day after ECT injection. 2. Hematologic data which was decreased previously showed tendency to recover from third day after injection, and it recovered to the values of pre-bleeding on the tenth day after injection. 3. Considerable increase in reticulocyte count was observed from the first day after injection and it reached maximum level on the seventh day. But increased levels kept sustained on the thirteenth day. 4. Total leukocyte count was increased about 86% on the first day, 130% on the second day after injection and it recovered to the value of pre-bleeding on forth day after injection. 5. Increase of total leukocyte count was due to mainly increased number of lymphocytes and granulocytes in peripheral blood. 6. ECT seems to have erythroagglutinin at earlier stage and potency to stimulate erythropoietic activities at later stage and it seems to increase in peripheral lymphocyte of rabbit.

Simple Microzone Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis of Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzymes in Human Tissue and Serum: Jae Sik Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 1974;8(2):131-137.

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Abstract: The author attempted a newly applicable simple electrophoretic screening of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes with human tissue extracts and serum on microzone cellulose membrane with multiple specimen. Isoenzymes were localized colorimetrically with they substrate alpha-naphthol AS-MX phosphate by coupling the reaction product with Fast blue RR salt and Fast red violet LB salt. Alkaline phosphatase consists of a cup of enzymes which hydrolyze phosphate esters in an alkaline medium as follows by the general reaction: R-O-P + H₂O AIPase P + ROH The increase of serum alkaline phosphatase activity is observed in hepatobiliary disease, various bone disorders characterized by increased osteoblastic activity, during growth, pregnancy and a certain kinds of intestinal tract disease etc. The alkaline phosphatase has been fractionated electrophoretically into isoenzymes by numerous methods including paper, starch ge1 cellulose acetate agar gel acrylamide disc gel cellogen micro starch gel and Beckman microzone agarose gel membrane because various electrophoretic media, substrates, buffers and conditions have been used to fractionate and localize isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase (orthophosphoric monoester phosphohydrolase) from human serum and tissues, it is often difficult to compare results. Usually these methods were examined and found unsuitable for use in a routine clinical laboratory. The author’s objective was to devise a simple routine screening method for localization and characterization of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes on microzone cellulose acetate membrane by the simplest procedure as well as microzon cellulose acetate electrophoresis of serum protein. Electrophoresis of eight samples on a single microzone cellulose membrane facilitates comparison of isoenzymes with known tissue extract controls(liver and bone).

Experimental Study for Hematological Changes in Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Jae Sik Kim, Sae Hoon Kwon, Youn Soo Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 1974;8(2):139-144.

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Abstract: Authors made an experimental study for hematological changes in acute carbon monoxide poisoning using 54 dogs which were divided into a control group and a CO(2%) inhaled group. The hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, RBC count, WBC count and differential count were studied at 15, 75 and 135 minutes in each group. The obtained results were as followings: 1. There was an increasing tendency of the hemoglobin concentrations up to 13.7±2.02 gm% from 13.1±2.55 gm% of the control. 2. The values of hematocrit were significantly increased and it was highest at 75 minutes after CO inhalation. 3. RBC counts showed an increasing tendency but it was not so significant. 4. WBC counts were significantly decreased to fifty percent of the control. 5. The neutrophils were also significantly decreased, while the eosinophils were increased at 75 minutes after CO inhalation. The basophils were markedly decreased and lymphocytes were increased significantly. In monocytes there was seen a decreasing tendency. The author thought that the decreases of the WBC counts and neutrophils are against to other reports and it requires further study.

Six Cases of Liposarcoma: Sung Ho Lee; J Pathol Transl Med. 1974;8(2):145-150.

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Abstract: Six cases of liposarcoma have been reported and investigated a pathohistological findings according to previous reports. In order to comparison of classification of liposarcoma, previous report of Shuman, Stout and Enterline’s classification and cellular components of a pathology of the liposarcoma were also reviewed. Because of limited cases and unfavorable follow up study, previous reports have been referred for clinical course, cure rate, treatment and other statistics. The remained subjects is a prevalence and pathological investigation of this tumor in our country.

A Malignant Schwannoma in von Recklinghausen’s Disease: Eun Sook Chang; J Pathol Transl Med. 1974;8(2):153-160.

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Abstract: A malignant schwannoma is a relatively rare malignant neoplasm of nerve sheath origin that locally infiltrates and also metastasizes, the intercellular matrix containing collagen and mucin. The diagnosis of malignant schwannoma should be primacy consideration in only two following circumstances in the presence of a malignant tumor of soft tissue composed of spindle cells : 1) when the tumor develops in patient with von Recklinghausen’s disease, and 2) When tumor is obviously arising within the anatomic compartment of a major nerve or in continuity with a unquestionable neurofibroma. In the usual case, a plexiform neurofibroma is closely associated with a malignant schwannoma. According to some investigators, notably Hosoi. the incidence of malignant transformation of neurofibromatasis is as high as 13%. The case reported herein is an example of malignant schwannoma to meet the above criteria satisfactorily, grossly as well as microscopically. This 42-year-old widow who is known to have von Recklinghausen’s neurofibromatosis for the past 10 years has developed a gradually growing subcutaneous tumor in the volar surface of the left forearm with radiating and tingling pain in the 2nd and 3rd finger’s of the left hand. The tumor had recurred three times artier local excisions. This time it recurred 7 months after last excision. A disarticulated left forearm was sent to laboratory which demonstrated the tumor to be arising from the neurofibromatous median nerve and composed of large spindle cells with whorl formation and organoid pattern. Individual cells show irregular hyperchromatic nuclei and frequent mitotic figures. About 2 months after amputation, a rapidly growing tumor on the left shoulder which was diagnosed as neurofibrosarcoma elsewhere. And chest X-ray shows a diffuse radio-opaque shadow on the right lung field which is suspected of a metastatic lesion. Malignant schwannoma recurs as a rule and metastasizes at a late stage to fun by blood stream and rarely to regional lymph node and centripedal metastasis to proximal nerve. The treatment of choice is one stage radical surgery. And excisional biopsy for diagnostic or therapeutic purpose is condemned. The prognosis usually is Poor.

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