Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Review

Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features: its updated diagnostic criteria, preoperative cytologic diagnoses and impact on the risk of malignancy: Hee Young Na, So Yeon Park; J Pathol Transl Med. 2022;56(6):319-325. Published online November 9, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.09.29

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Due to the extremely indolent behavior, a subset of noninvasive encapsulated follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinomas has been classified as “noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP)” since 2016 and is no longer considered carcinoma. Since the introduction of this new terminology, changes and refinements have been made in diagnostic criteria. Initially, the incidence of NIFTP was estimated substantial. However, the reported incidence of NIFTP varies greatly among studies and regions, with higher incidence in North American and European countries than in Asian countries. Thus, the changes in the risk of malignancy (ROM) in the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) differ inevitably among regions. Because more conservative surgery is recommended for NIFTPs, distinguishing NIFTPs from papillary thyroid carcinomas in preoperative fine-needle aspiration cytology became one of the major concerns. This review will provide comprehensive overview of updates on diagnostic criteria, actual incidence and preoperative cytologic diagnoses of NIFTP, and its impact on the ROM in TBSRTC.

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Papillae, psammoma bodies, and/or many nuclear pseudoinclusions are helpful criteria but should not be required for a definitive cytologic diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma: An institutional experience of 207 cases with surgical follow up
Tarik M. Elsheikh, Matthew Thomas, Jennifer Brainard, Jessica Di Marco, Erica Manosky, Bridgette Springer, Dawn Underwood, Deborah J. Chute
Cancer Cytopathology.2024; 132(6): 348. CrossRef
ThyroSeq overview on indeterminate thyroid nodules: An institutional experience
Sam Sirotnikov, Christopher C. Griffith, Daniel Lubin, Chao Zhang, Nabil F. Saba, Dehong Li, Amanda Kornfield, Amy Chen, Qiuying Shi
Diagnostic Cytopathology.2024; 52(7): 353. CrossRef
Oncocytic Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-Like Nuclear Features: A Case Report
Kaveripakam Ajay Joseph, Sana Ahuja, Sufian Zaheer
Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Cytologic hallmarks and differential diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma subtypes
Agnes Stephanie Harahap, Chan Kwon Jung
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2024; 58(6): 265. CrossRef
Preoperative evaluation of thyroid nodules – Diagnosis and management strategies
Tapoi Dana Antonia, Lambrescu Ioana Maria, Gheorghisan-Galateanu Ancuta-Augustina
Pathology - Research and Practice.2023; 246: 154516. CrossRef
Reevaluating diagnostic categories and associated malignancy risks in thyroid core needle biopsy
Chan Kwon Jung
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2023; 57(4): 208. CrossRef
Strategies for Treatment of Thyroid Cancer
Deepika Yadav, Pramod Kumar Sharma, Rishabha Malviya, Prem Shankar Mishra
Current Drug Targets.2023; 24(5): 406. CrossRef
Identification of NIFTP-Specific mRNA Markers for Reliable Molecular Diagnosis of Thyroid Tumors
So-Yeon Lee, Jong-Lyul Park, Kwangsoon Kim, Ja Seong Bae, Jae-Yoon Kim, Seon-Young Kim, Chan Kwon Jung
Endocrine Pathology.2023; 34(3): 311. CrossRef

Case Study

Papillary and medullary thyroid carcinomas coexisting in the same lobe, first suspected based on fine-needle aspiration cytology: a case report: Hyun Hee Koh, Young Lyun Oh; J Pathol Transl Med. 2022;56(5):301-308. Published online September 13, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.08.03

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Abstract PDF

Because different types of thyroid malignancies have distinct embryological origins, coexisting tumors are rarely observed. We describe a coexisting papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) first suspected by fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). A 57-year-old female presented with an irregular mass in the right thyroid lobe. The cytopathologic findings of fine-needle aspiration showed two components: a papillary-like arrangement consisting of cells with pale enlarged nuclei indicative of PTC and loose clusters comprised of oval cells with granular chromatin indicative of MTC. The diagnosis of a coexisting PTC and MTC was initially confirmed by calcitonin immunocytochemistry and later after total thyroidectomy. Although some surgical case reports of PTC and MTC coexisting in either the same or different lobes have been documented, a case suspected by FNAC before the surgery has rarely been reported. Because appropriate treatment and prognosis of PTC and MTC are different, cytopathologists should be aware of this rare entity.

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Dedifferentiated Leiomyosarcoma of the Uterine Corpus with Heterologous Component: Clinicopathological Analysis of Five Consecutive Cases from a Single Institution and Comprehensive Literature Review
Suyeon Kim, Hyunsik Bae, Hyun-Soo Kim
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Coexisting Medullary and Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas: A Case of Dual Neoplasia With a High Risk of Misdiagnosis
Santiago Sierra Castillo, Maria A Henao Rincón, David Aristizabal Colorado, David Alexander Vernaza Trujillo, Alin Abreu Lomba
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Articles

Cytologic Diagnosis of Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-like Nuclear Features and Its Impact on the Risk of Malignancy in the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology: An Institutional Experience: Milim Kim, Joung Eun Kim, Hyun Jeong Kim, Yul Ri Chung, Yoonjin Kwak, So Yeon Park; J Pathol Transl Med. 2018;52(3):171-178. Published online April 3, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.04.03

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Abstract PDF

Background
This study was performed to analyze cytologic diagnosis of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) and its impact on the risk of malignancy (ROM) in the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC).
Methods
Five thousand five hundred and forty-nine cases of thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) diagnosed between 2012 and 2014 were included in this study. Diagnostic categories based on TBSRTC were compared with final surgical diagnoses, and the ROM in each category was calculated both when NIFTP was included in malignant lesions and when excluded from malignant lesions.
Results
Of the 5,549 thyroid FNAC cases, 1,891 cases underwent surgical resection. In final diagnosis, 1,700 cases were revealed as papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and 25 cases were reclassified as NIFTP. The cytologic diagnoses of NIFTP were non-diagnostic in one, benign in five, atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) in 14, follicular neoplasm in two, and suspicious for malignancy in three cases. Collectively, NIFTP/encapsulated follicular variant of PTC (EFVPTC) were more frequently classified as benign, AUS, or follicular neoplasm and less frequently categorized as malignant compared to conventional PTCs. Exclusion of NIFTP from malignant diagnoses resulted in a slight decrease in malignancy rates in non-diagnostic, benign, AUS, follicular neoplasm, and suspicious for malignancy categories without any statistical significance.
Conclusions
The decrease in the ROM was not significant when NIFTP was excluded from malignant lesions. In thyroid FNACs, NIFTP/EFVPTCs were mostly classified into indeterminate categories. Therefore, it might be feasible to separate NIFTP/EFVPTC from conventional PTC on FNAC to guide clinicians to conservative management for patients with NIFTP/EFVPTC.

Citations

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Spatial transcriptomics reveals prognosis‐associated cellular heterogeneity in the papillary thyroid carcinoma microenvironment
Kai Yan, Qing‐Zhi Liu, Rong‐Rong Huang, Yi‐Hua Jiang, Zhen‐Hua Bian, Si‐Jin Li, Liang Li, Fei Shen, Koichi Tsuneyama, Qing‐Ling Zhang, Zhe‐Xiong Lian, Haixia Guan, Bo Xu
Clinical and Translational Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Cytological Features of “Non-invasive Follicular Tumour with Papillary Like Nuclear Features” – A Single Institutional Experience in India
K Amita, HB Rakshitha, M Sanjay, Prashantha Kalappa
Journal of Cytology.2023; 40(1): 28. CrossRef
Detailed fine needle aspiration cytopathology findings of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features with nuclear grading correlated to that of biopsy and Bethesda category and systematic review
Sevgiye Kaçar Özkara, Gupse Turan
Diagnostic Cytopathology.2023; 51(12): 758. CrossRef
Non-Invasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-Like Nuclear Features Is Not a Cytological Diagnosis, but It Influences Cytological Diagnosis Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Elina Haaga, David Kalfert, Marie Ludvíková, Ivana Kholová
Acta Cytologica.2022; 66(2): 85. CrossRef
Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features: its updated diagnostic criteria, preoperative cytologic diagnoses and impact on the risk of malignancy
Hee Young Na, So Yeon Park
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2022; 56(6): 319. CrossRef
Usage and Diagnostic Yield of Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology and Core Needle Biopsy in Thyroid Nodules: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Literature Published by Korean Authors
Soon-Hyun Ahn
Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology.2021; 14(1): 116. CrossRef
Comprehensive DNA Methylation Profiling Identifies Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers for Thyroid Cancer
Jong-Lyul Park, Sora Jeon, Eun-Hye Seo, Dong Hyuck Bae, Young Mun Jeong, Yourha Kim, Ja Seong Bae, Seon-Kyu Kim, Chan Kwon Jung, Yong Sung Kim
Thyroid.2020; 30(2): 192. CrossRef
Differences in surgical resection rate and risk of malignancy in thyroid cytopathology practice between Western and Asian countries: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Huy Gia Vuong, Hanh Thi Tuyet Ngo, Andrey Bychkov, Chan Kwon Jung, Trang Huyen Vu, Kim Bach Lu, Kennichi Kakudo, Tetsuo Kondo
Cancer Cytopathology.2020; 128(4): 238. CrossRef
Noninvasive follicular neoplasm with papillary like nuclear features: A comprehensive analysis with a diagnostic algorithm
Chanchal Rana, Shreyamsa Manjunath, Pooja Ramakant, Kulranjan Singh, Suresh Babu, Anand Mishra
Diagnostic Cytopathology.2020; 48(4): 330. CrossRef
Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features and the risk of malignancy in The Bethesda System for the Reporting of Thyroid Cytopathology
Danielle Elliott Range, Xiaoyin “Sara” Jiang
Diagnostic Cytopathology.2020; 48(6): 531. CrossRef
Did Introducing a New Category of Thyroid Tumors (Non-invasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-like Nuclear Features) Decrease the Risk of Malignancy for the Diagnostic Categories in the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology?
Janusz Kopczyński, Agnieszka Suligowska, Kornelia Niemyska, Iwona Pałyga, Agnieszka Walczyk, Danuta Gąsior-Perczak, Artur Kowalik, Kinga Hińcza, Ryszard Mężyk, Stanisław Góźdź, Aldona Kowalska
Endocrine Pathology.2020; 31(2): 143. CrossRef
High risk of malignancy in cases with atypia of undetermined significance on fine needle aspiration of thyroid nodules even after exclusion of NIFTP
Sevgiye Kaçar Özkara, Büşra Yaprak Bayrak, Gupse Turan
Diagnostic Cytopathology.2020; 48(11): 986. CrossRef
The importance of risk of neoplasm as an outcome in cytologic‐histologic correlation studies on thyroid fine needle aspiration
Yu‐Hsin Chen, Kristen L. Partyka, Rae Dougherty, Harvey M. Cramer, Howard H. Wu
Diagnostic Cytopathology.2020; 48(12): 1237. CrossRef
Preoperative diagnostic categories of fine needle aspiration cytology for histologically proven thyroid follicular adenoma and carcinoma, and Hurthle cell adenoma and carcinoma: Analysis of cause of under- or misdiagnoses
Hee Young Na, Jae Hoon Moon, June Young Choi, Hyeong Won Yu, Woo-Jin Jeong, Yeo Koon Kim, Ji-Young Choe, So Yeon Park, Paula Soares
PLOS ONE.2020; 15(11): e0241597. CrossRef
How is noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) shaping the way we interpret thyroid cytology?
Michiya Nishino
Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology.2019; 8(1): 1. CrossRef
Cytological Diagnoses Associated with Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasms with Papillary-Like Nuclear Features According to the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Massimo Bongiovanni, Luca Giovanella, Francesco Romanelli, Pierpaolo Trimboli
Thyroid.2019; 29(2): 222. CrossRef
Preoperative Diagnostic Categories of Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-Like Nuclear Features in Thyroid Core Needle Biopsy and Its Impact on Risk of Malignancy
Hee Young Na, Ji Won Woo, Jae Hoon Moon, June Young Choi, Woo-Jin Jeong, Yeo Koon Kim, Ji-Young Choe, So Yeon Park
Endocrine Pathology.2019; 30(4): 329. CrossRef
Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: Reclassification to Non-Invasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-Like Nuclear Features (NIFTP): a Retrospective Clinicopathologic Study
Khurram Shafique, Virginia A. LiVolsi, Kathleen Montone, Zubair W. Baloch
Endocrine Pathology.2018; 29(4): 339. CrossRef

Importance of Individual Ghost Cells in Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology Diagnosis of Pilomatricoma: Kanghee Han, Hwa-Jeong Ha, Joon Seog Kong, Jae Kyung Myung, Sunhoo Park, Jung-Soon Kim, Myung-Soon Shin, Hye Sil Seol, Jae Soo Koh, Seung-Sook Lee; J Pathol Transl Med. 2018;52(1):45-50. Published online January 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.10.18

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Abstract PDF

Background
Although histological diagnosis of pilomatricoma is not difficult because of its unique histological features, cytological diagnosis through fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is often problematic due to misdiagnoses as malignancy.
Methods
We reviewed the cytological features of 14 cases of histologically-proven pilomatricoma from Korea Cancer Center Hospital, with a discussion on the diagnostic pitfalls of FNAC.
Results
Among 14 cases of pilomatricoma, 10 (71.4%) were correctly diagnosed through FNAC, and two (14.3%) were misdiagnosed as carcinoma. Cytologically, all cases had easily recognizable clusters of basaloid cells and foreign body-type multinucleated cells. Although ghost cells were also found in all cases, some were inconspicuous and hardly recognizable due to their small numbers.
Conclusions
An accurate diagnosis of pilomatricoma in FNAC is feasible with consideration of clinical information and close examination of ghost cells.

Citations

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A case of pilomatricoma with suspected malignancy diagnosed by intraoperative rapid cytological diagnosis
Miho YOSHIDA-TANAKA, Kazuya KURAOKA, Naoko YASUMURA, Arisa KAN, Yumi SAIKI, Akihiro KAGAWA, Akihisa SAITO, Kiyomi TANIYAMA
The Journal of the Japanese Society of Clinical Cytology.2019; 58(3): 133. CrossRef

Reviews

Current Status of Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Practice in Thailand: Somboon Keelawat, Samreung Rangdaeng, Supinda Koonmee, Tikamporn Jitpasutham, Andrey Bychkov; J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51(6):565-570. Published online November 15, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.08.12

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Abstract PDF

Thyroid carcinoma is one of the leading malignancies in Thailand increasingly prevalent in the female population. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is a widely used diagnostic tool for evaluation of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer. Thyroid FNA is a routine procedure universally performed in Thai hospitals by a variety of clinical specialists. Manual guidance is the first-line choice complemented by ultrasound assistance in selected cases. Despite national guidelines recommendations, the diagnostic criteria and terminology of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) was slowly adopted in the local settings. Currently, the Bethesda system is actively promoted by the local professional societies as a uniform reporting system. Experience with thyroid FNA has been rarely reported to date—only a handful of publications are available in local journals. Our review, in addition to presenting various aspects of thyroid FNA in Thailand, established for the first time national references for a certain statistical outputs of TBSRTC based on the original multi-institutional cohort. The risk of malignancy in 2,017 operated thyroid nodules collected from three tertiary thyroid cancer centers was 21.7%, 14.7%, 35.9%, 44.4%, 76.7%, and 92.6% for categories I to VI, respectively. The malignancy risk in several diagnostic categories (II to IV) was higher than the risk estimated by TBSRTC and recent meta-analysis studies. We endorse the use of uniform terminology of the Bethesda system in Thailand, which will help facilitate communication among diverse medical professionals involved in the management of patients with thyroid nodules, to share local experience with the international audience.

Citations

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The Asian Thyroid Working Group, from 2017 to 2023
Kennichi Kakudo, Chan Kwon Jung, Zhiyan Liu, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Andrey Bychkov, Huy Gia Vuong, Somboon Keelawat, Radhika Srinivasan, Jen-Fan Hang, Chiung-Ru Lai
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2023; 57(6): 289. CrossRef
Application of the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology for classification of thyroid nodules: A clinical and cytopathological characteristics in Bhutanese population
Sonam Choden, Chimi Wangmo, Sushna Maharjan
Diagnostic Cytopathology.2021; 49(11): 1179. CrossRef
Patient Discomfort in Relation to Thyroid Nodule Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA) Performed with or without Parenteral and/or Topical Anesthetic
Chenxiang Cao, Sina Jasim, Amrita Cherian, Aziza Nassar, Ana-Maria Chindris, Ana Marcella Rivas, Stephanie Bonnett, Melanie Caserta, Marius N. Stan, Victor J. Bernet
Endocrine Practice.2020; 26(12): 1497. CrossRef
Incidence and malignancy rates classified by The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) – An 8-year tertiary center experience in Thailand
Yotsapon Thewjitcharoen, Siriwan Butadej, Soontaree Nakasatien, Phawinpon Chotwanvirat, Sriurai Porramatikul, Sirinate Krittiyawong, Nampetch Lekpittaya, Thep Himathongkam
Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology.2019; 16: 100175. CrossRef
The Use of Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA) Cytology in Patients with Thyroid Nodules in Asia: A Brief Overview of Studies from the Working Group of Asian Thyroid FNA Cytology
Chan Kwon Jung, SoonWon Hong, Andrey Bychkov, Kennichi Kakudo
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2017; 51(6): 571. CrossRef
Thyroid FNA cytology in Asian practice—Active surveillance for indeterminate thyroid nodules reduces overtreatment of thyroid carcinomas
K. Kakudo, M. Higuchi, M. Hirokawa, S. Satoh, C. K. Jung, A. Bychkov
Cytopathology.2017; 28(6): 455. CrossRef

Thyroid Cytology in India: Contemporary Review and Meta-analysis: Shipra Agarwal, Deepali Jain; J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51(6):533-547. Published online October 5, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.08.04

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Abstract PDF

Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a screening test for triaging thyroid nodules, aiding in subsequent clinical management. However, the advantages have been overshadowed by the multiplicity of reporting systems and a wide range of nomenclature used. The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) was formulated in 2007, to give the world a uniform thyroid cytology reporting system, facilitating easy interpretation by the clinicians. Here, we review the status of thyroid FNAC in India in terms of various reporting systems used including a meta-analysis of the previously published data. An extensive literature search was performed using internet search engines. The reports with detailed classification system used in thyroid cytology were included. The meta-analysis of published data was compared with the implied risk of malignancy by TBSRTC. More than 50 studies were retrieved and evaluated. TBSRTC is currently the most widely used reporting system with different studies showing good efficacy and interobserver concordance. Ancillary techniques have, as of now, limited applicability and acceptability in thyroid cytology in India. Twenty-eight published articles met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. When compared with TBSRTC recommendations, the meta-analysis showed a higher risk of malignancy for categories I and III. Thyroid FNAC is practiced all over India. TBSRTC has found widespread acceptance, with most institutions using this system for routine thyroid cytology reporting. However, reasons for a high malignancy risk for categories I and III need to be looked into. Various possible contributing factors are discussed in the review.

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Thermal imaging based pre-diagnostics tool for Graves’ disease
Vaishali Sharma, Vandana K Dhingra, Snehlata Shakya, Ashok Kumar, Mayank Goswami
Measurement Science and Technology.2024; 35(3): 035702. CrossRef
High Malignancy Risk and Its Predictors in South Indian Patients With Bethesda II Thyroid Nodules
Sunanda Tirupati, Pradeep Puthenveetil, Shilpa Lakkundi, Anudeep Gaddam, Vijaya Sarathi
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Nuclear features in thyroid cytology: features helpful for a morphological diagnosis in routine practice
Priya Bhagwat, Sabine Pomplun
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Evaluation of Thyroid Lesions by the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology
Syed Asif Hashmi, Monika Aggrawal, Rahul Pandey, Deepika Gulati, Inam Danish Khan
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Incidence and Malignancy Rates in Thyroid Nodules in North-East Indian Population by Bethesda System: A Single Institutional Experience of 3 Years
Suvamoy Chakraborty, Manu C. Balakrishnan, Vandana Raphael, Prachurya Tamuli, Anuradha Deka
South Asian Journal of Cancer.2023; 12(02): 166. CrossRef
Evaluation of Concordance of Ultrasound, Cytology, and Histopathology in Solitary Thyroid Nodules
Sunil Chumber, Surabhi Vyas, Kamal Kataria, Shipra Agarwal, Yashwant S Rathore, Gopal Puri, Sushma Yadav, Kanika Sharma, Amit Patidar
Indian Journal of Endocrine Surgery and Research.2023; 18(1): 17. CrossRef
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Amandeep Kaur, Sonali Poonia, Karandeep Singh, Dalbir Kaur, Mohit Madhukar, Ravish Godara
Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.2023; 15(Suppl 1): S315. CrossRef
The Asian Thyroid Working Group, from 2017 to 2023
Kennichi Kakudo, Chan Kwon Jung, Zhiyan Liu, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Andrey Bychkov, Huy Gia Vuong, Somboon Keelawat, Radhika Srinivasan, Jen-Fan Hang, Chiung-Ru Lai
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2023; 57(6): 289. CrossRef
Cytomorphological Categorization of Thyroid Lesions according to The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytology and Correlation with their Histological Outcome
Meenakshi Kamboj, Anurag Mehta, Sunil Pasricha, Gurudutt Gupta, Anila Sharma, Garima Durga
Journal of Cytology.2022; 39(1): 44. CrossRef
Is Surgery Necessary in Benign Thyroid Lesions?
Pushkar Chaudhary, Naseem Noorunnisa
Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University.2022; 17(3): 799. CrossRef
Effect of the Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm With Papillary-Like Nuclear Features (NIFTP) Nomenclature Revision on Indian Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Practice
Chanchal Rana, Pooja Ramakant, Divya Goel, Akanksha Singh, KulRanjan Singh, Suresh Babu, Anand Mishra
American Journal of Clinical Pathology.2021; 156(2): 320. CrossRef
The combination of ACR‐Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data system and The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology in the evaluation of thyroid nodules—An institutional experience
Shanmugasundaram Sakthisankari, Sreenivasan Vidhyalakshmi, Sivanandam Shanthakumari, Balalakshmoji Devanand, Udayasankar Nagul
Cytopathology.2021; 32(4): 472. CrossRef
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Anita M. Borges
Journal of Head & Neck Physicians and Surgeons.2021; 9(2): 69. CrossRef
Risk of malignancy in Thyroid “Atypia of undetermined significance/Follicular lesion of undetermined significance” and its subcategories – A 5-year experience
Abha Thakur, Haimanti Sarin, Dilpreet Kaur, Deepak Sarin
Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology.2019; 62(4): 544. CrossRef
Thyroid FNA cytology in Asian practice—Active surveillance for indeterminate thyroid nodules reduces overtreatment of thyroid carcinomas
K. Kakudo, M. Higuchi, M. Hirokawa, S. Satoh, C. K. Jung, A. Bychkov
Cytopathology.2017; 28(6): 455. CrossRef
The Use of Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA) Cytology in Patients with Thyroid Nodules in Asia: A Brief Overview of Studies from the Working Group of Asian Thyroid FNA Cytology
Chan Kwon Jung, SoonWon Hong, Andrey Bychkov, Kennichi Kakudo
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2017; 51(6): 571. CrossRef

Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Practice in the Philippines: Agustina D. Abelardo; J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51(6):555-559. Published online October 5, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.07.14

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Abstract PDF

Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a well accepted initial approach in the management of thyroid lesions. It has come a long way since its introduction for nearly a century ago. In the Philippines, FNA of the thyroid was first introduced 30 years ago and has been utilized until now as a mainstay in the diagnosis of thyroid malignancy. The procedure is performed by pathologists, endocrinologists, surgeons, and radiologists. Most pathologists report the cytodiagnosis using a combination of the aspiration biopsy cytology method that closely resembles the histopathologic diagnosis of thyroid disorders and the six-tier nomenclature of The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology. Local endocrinologists and surgeons follow the guidelines of the 2015 American Thyroid Association in the management of thyroid disorders. There is still a paucity of local research studies but available data deal with cytohistologic correlations, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates as well as usefulness of ultrasound-guided FNA. Cytohistologic correlations have a wide range of sensitivity from 30.7% to 73% and specificity from 83% to 100%. The low sensitivity can be attributed to poor tissue sampling since a majority of the thyroid FNA is done by palpation only. The reliability can be improved if FNA is guided by ultrasound as attested in both international and local studies. Overall, FNA of the thyroid has enabled the diagnosis of thyroid disorders with an accuracy of 72.8% to 87.2% and it correlates well with histopathology.

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Combining radiomics and molecular biomarkers: a novel economic tool to improve diagnostic ability in papillary thyroid cancer
Qingxuan Wang, Linghui Dai, Sisi Lin, Shuwei Zhang, Jing Wen, Endong Chen, Quan Li, Jie You, Jinmiao Qu, Chunjue Ni, Yefeng Cai
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Agreement between Sonographic Features and Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules in a Tertiary Hospital
Danette Pabalan, Ricardo Victorio Quimbo
PJP.2024; 9(1): 37. CrossRef
The Asian Thyroid Working Group, from 2017 to 2023
Kennichi Kakudo, Chan Kwon Jung, Zhiyan Liu, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Andrey Bychkov, Huy Gia Vuong, Somboon Keelawat, Radhika Srinivasan, Jen-Fan Hang, Chiung-Ru Lai
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2023; 57(6): 289. CrossRef
Application of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology in the Pediatric Population
Huy Gia Vuong, Ayana Suzuki, Hee Young Na, Pham Van Tuyen, Doan Minh Khuy, Hiep Canh Nguyen, Tikamporn Jitpasutham, Agustina Abelardo, Takashi Amano, So Yeon Park, Chan Kwon Jung, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Ryohei Katoh, Kennichi Kakudo, Andrey Bychkov
American Journal of Clinical Pathology.2021; 155(5): 680. CrossRef
Thyroid FNA cytology in Asian practice—Active surveillance for indeterminate thyroid nodules reduces overtreatment of thyroid carcinomas
K. Kakudo, M. Higuchi, M. Hirokawa, S. Satoh, C. K. Jung, A. Bychkov
Cytopathology.2017; 28(6): 455. CrossRef
The Use of Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA) Cytology in Patients with Thyroid Nodules in Asia: A Brief Overview of Studies from the Working Group of Asian Thyroid FNA Cytology
Chan Kwon Jung, SoonWon Hong, Andrey Bychkov, Kennichi Kakudo
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2017; 51(6): 571. CrossRef

Case Reports

Parotid Gland Carcinosarcoma with Osteosarcoma as a Sarcomatous Component: A Case Report with Fine Needle Aspiration Cytologic Findings.: Se Min Jang, Young Jin Jun, Hulin Han, Ki Seok Jang, Seung Sam Paik; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(4):412-416.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.4.412

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Abstract PDF

Carcinosarcoma of the salivary glands is a rare malignant tumor showing both malignant epithelial and mesenchymal components. Herein, we present a carcinosarcoma of the parotid gland in a 67-year-old man consisting of osteosarcoma and adenocarcinoma components with fine needle aspiration cytological findings. The tumor was composed predominantly of osteosarcoma and small areas of adenocarcinomatous components and a hyalinized nodule reminiscent of pleomorphic adenoma. The tumor showed infiltrative growth features with perineural, lymphatic, and vascular invasion. Despite postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy, multiple metastatic lesions occurred in the both lungs 5 months after surgery. As salivary gland carcinosarcoma has been known to demonstrate highly aggressive behavior, an accurate pathological diagnosis is prerequisite for appropriate treatment.

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Clinical and Morphological Aspects of Aggressive Salivary Gland Mixed Tumors: A Narrative Review
Alexandra Corina Faur, Alina Maria Șișu, Laura Andreea Ghenciu, Roxana Iacob, Emil Robert Stoicescu, Ovidiu Alin Hațegan, Mărioara Cornianu
Diagnostics.2024; 14(17): 1942. CrossRef
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World Journal of Surgical Oncology.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

Aspiration Cytology of Cervical Thymoma: A Case Report.: Xian Ji Jin, Ju Young Song, Suk Jin Choi, Lucia Kim, In Suh Park, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(4):444-447.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.4.444

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An ectopic cervical thymoma is an uncommon tumor of the neck displaying the same histologic features as a mediastinal thymoma. Because of its unusual location, this mass is often confused as originating from the thyroid. In this report we describe a case of cervical type AB thymoma. Aspiration cytologic smears were highly cellular and revealed irregular tissue fragments, cohesive sheets, and clusters of crowded epithelial cells intermingled with many small lymphocytes. The epithelial cells had oval and spindle shaped bland-looking nuclei and scant cytoplasm with indistinct cell borders. Mitosis, nuclear atypia, and necrosis were not observed. The cells were focally arranged in a nesting pattern. Many small lymphocytes, a few activated lymphocytes, and lymphoid tangles were seen in the background. A cytologic misdiagnosis of "possible carcinoma" was rendered. Therefore, ectopic thymoma should also be considered in fine needle aspiration cytology of a neck mass when the smear shows epithelial and lymphoid components.

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Aspiration cytology of an ectopic cervical thymoma misinterpreted as a lymphoproliferative lesion of the thyroid: A case report
YI-YING LEE, WEN-CHING WANG, CHIEN-FENG LI
Oncology Letters.2015; 10(3): 1255. CrossRef

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