Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Original Article

Clinicopathologic characterization of cervical metastasis from an unknown primary tumor: a multicenter study in Korea: Miseon Lee, Uiree Jo, Joon Seon Song, Youn Soo Lee, Chang Gok Woo, Dong-Hoon Kim, Jung Yeon Kim, Sun Och Yoon, Kyung-Ja Cho; J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(3):166-177. Published online May 10, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.04.12

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Background
Research regarding cervical metastasis from an unknown primary tumor (CUP) according to human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) status in Korea has been sporadic and small-scale. This study aims to analyze and understand the characteristics of CUP in Korea according to viral and p16 and p53 status through a multicenter study.
Methods
Ninety-five cases of CUP retrieved from six hospitals in Korea between January 2006 and December 2016 were subjected to high-risk HPV detection (DNA in situ hybridization [ISH] or real-time polymerase chain reaction), EBV detection (ISH), and immunohistochemistry for p16 and p53.
Results
CUP was HPV-related in 37 cases (38.9%), EBV-related in five cases (5.3%), and unrelated to HPV or EBV in 46 cases (48.4%). HPV-related CUP cases had the best overall survival (OS) (p = .004). According to the multivariate analysis, virus-unrelated disease (p = .023) and longer smoking duration (p < .005) were prognostic factors for poor OS. Cystic change (p = .016) and basaloid pattern (p < .001) were more frequent in HPV-related cases, and lymphoepithelial lesion was frequent in EBV-related cases (p = .010). There was no significant association between viral status and p53 positivity (p = .341), smoking status (p = .728), or smoking duration (p = .187). Korean data differ from Western data in the absence of an association among HPV, p53 positivity, and smoking history.
Conclusions
Virus-unrelated CUP in Korea had the highest frequency among all CUP cases. HPV-related CUP is similar to HPV-mediated oropharyngeal cancer and EBVrelated CUP is similar to nasopharyngeal cancer in terms of characteristics, respectively.

Citations

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Expansion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to assess the potential of adoptive cell therapy
Sangjoon Choi, Mofazzal Hossain, Hyun Lee, Jina Baek, Hye Seon Park, Chae-Lyul Lim, DoYeon Han, Taehyun Park, Jong Hyeok Kim, Gyungyub Gong, Mi-Na Kweon, Hee Jin Lee
Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Review

Standardization of the pathologic diagnosis of appendiceal mucinous neoplasms: Dong-Wook Kang, Baek-hui Kim, Joon Mee Kim, Jihun Kim, Hee Jin Chang, Mee Soo Chang, Jin-Hee Sohn, Mee-Yon Cho, So-Young Jin, Hee Kyung Chang, Hye Seung Han, Jung Yeon Kim, Hee Sung Kim, Do Youn Park, Ha Young Park, So Jeong Lee, Wonae Lee, Hye Seung Lee, Yoo Na Kang, Younghee Choi; J Pathol Transl Med. 2021;55(4):247-264. Published online July 8, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2021.05.28

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Although the understanding of appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (AMNs) and their relationship with disseminated peritoneal mucinous disease have advanced, the diagnosis, classification, and treatment of AMNs are still confusing for pathologists and clinicians. The Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists (GPSG-KSP) proposed a multicenter study and held a workshop for the “Standardization of the Pathologic Diagnosis of the Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm” to overcome the controversy and potential conflicts. The present article is focused on the diagnostic criteria, terminologies, tumor grading, pathologic staging, biologic behavior, treatment, and prognosis of AMNs and disseminated peritoneal mucinous disease. In addition, GPSG-KSP proposes a checklist of standard data elements of appendiceal epithelial neoplasms to standardize pathologic diagnosis. We hope the present article will provide pathologists with updated knowledge on how to handle and diagnose AMNs and disseminated peritoneal mucinous disease.

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Original Article

Prognostic Significance of a Micropapillary Pattern in Pure Mucinous Carcinoma of the Breast: Comparative Analysis with Micropapillary Carcinoma: Hyun-Jung Kim, Kyeongmee Park, Jung Yeon Kim, Guhyun Kang, Geumhee Gwak, Inseok Park; J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51(4):403-409. Published online June 9, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.03.18

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Abstract PDF

Background
Mucinous carcinoma of the breast is an indolent tumors with a favorable prognosis; however, micropapillary features tend to lead to aggressive behavior. Thus, mucinous carcinoma and micropapillary carcinoma exhibit contrasting biologic behaviors. Here, we review invasive mucinous carcinoma with a focus on micropapillary features and correlations with clinicopathological factors.
Methods
A total of 64 patients with invasive breast cancer with mucinous or micropapillary features were enrolled in the study. Of 36 pure mucinous carcinomas, 17 (47.2%) had micropapillary features and were termed mucinous carcinoma with micropapillary features (MUMPC), and 19 (52.8%) had no micropapillary features and were termed mucinous carcinoma without micropapillary features. MUMPC were compared with 15 invasive micropapillary carcinomas (IMPC) and 13 invasive ductal and micropapillary carcinomas (IDMPC).
Results
The clinicopathological factors of pure mucinous carcinoma and MUMPC were not significantly different. In contrast to IMPC and IDMPC, MUMPC had a low nuclear grade, lower mitotic rate, higher expression of hormone receptors, negative human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status, lower Ki-67 proliferating index, and less frequent lymph node metastasis (p < .05). According to univariate analyses, progesterone receptor, HER2, T-stage, and lymph node metastasis were significant risk factors for overall survival; however, only T-stage remained significant in a multivariate analysis (p < .05).
Conclusions
In contrast to IMPC and IDMPC, the micropapillary pattern in mucinous carcinoma does not contribute to aggressive behavior. However, further analysis of a larger series of patients is required to clarify the prognostic significance of micropapillary patterns in mucinous carcinoma of the breast.

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Review

Molecular Testing for Gastrointestinal Cancer: Hye Seung Lee, Woo Ho Kim, Yoonjin Kwak, Jiwon Koh, Jeong Mo Bae, Kyoung-Mee Kim, Mee Soo Chang, Hye Seung Han, Joon Mee Kim, Hwal Woong Kim, Hee Kyung Chang, Young Hee Choi, Ji Y. Park, Mi Jin Gu, Min Jin Lhee, Jung Yeon Kim, Hee Sung Kim, Mee-Yon Cho; J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51(2):103-121. Published online February 19, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.01.24

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Abstract PDF

With recent advances in molecular diagnostic methods and targeted cancer therapies, several molecular tests have been recommended for gastric cancer (GC) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Microsatellite instability analysis of gastrointestinal cancers is performed to screen for Lynch syndrome, predict favorable prognosis, and screen patients for immunotherapy. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor has been approved in metastatic CRCs with wildtype RAS (KRAS and NRAS exon 2–4). A BRAF mutation is required for predicting poor prognosis. Additionally, amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and MET is also associated with resistance to EGFR inhibitor in metastatic CRC patients. The BRAF V600E mutation is found in sporadic microsatellite unstable CRCs, and thus is helpful for ruling out Lynch syndrome. In addition, the KRAS mutation is a prognostic biomarker and the PIK3CA mutation is a molecular biomarker predicting response to phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors and response to aspirin therapy in CRC patients. Additionally, HER2 testing should be performed in all recurrent or metastatic GCs. If the results of HER2 immunohistochemistry are equivocal, HER2 silver or fluorescence in situ hybridization testing are essential for confirmative determination of HER2 status. Epstein-Barr virus–positive GCs have distinct characteristics, including heavy lymphoid stroma, hypermethylation phenotype, and high expression of immune modulators. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing technologies enable us to examine various genetic alterations using a single test. Pathologists play a crucial role in ensuring reliable molecular testing and they should also take an integral role between molecular laboratories and clinicians.

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Brief Case Report

Inflammatory Pseudotumor-like Follicular Dendritic Cell Tumor of the Spleen with Extensive Histiocytic Granulomas and Necrosis: A Case Report and Literature Review: Hyun-Jung Kim, Ji Eun Kim, Gu-Hyun Kang, Jung Yeon Kim, Kyeongmee Park; Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(6):599-602. Published online December 24, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.6.599

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Epstein-Barr virus-positive inflammatory follicular dendritic cell sarcoma with significant granuloma: case report and literature review
Chenchen Nie, Xun Xie, Hangyan Li, Yangcan Li, Zhihong Chen, Yanchun Li, Zhenfeng Li
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Case report: Hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor-like follicular dendritic cell sarcoma: A rare case and minireview of the literature
Fan Ding, Chao Wang, Chi Xu, Hui Tang
Frontiers in Medicine.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Inflammatory pseudotumor-like follicular dendritic cell sarcoma: Literature review of 67 cases
Hao Wu, Peng Liu, Xiao-Ran Xie, Jing-Shu Chi, Huan Li, Can-Xia Xu
World Journal of Meta-Analysis.2021; 9(1): 1. CrossRef
Granuloma With an Underlying Lymphoma: A Diagnostic Challenge and a Wider Histologic Spectrum Including Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma
Chih-Ying Wu, Ren-Ching Wang, Bo-Jung Chen, Wei-Yu Chen, Jie-Yang Jhuang, Ming-Chih Chang, Yu-Hung Wu, Norihiro Nakada, Kennosuke Karube, Shih-Sung Chuang
Applied Immunohistochemistry & Molecular Morphology.2020; 28(4): 316. CrossRef
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Original Article

Early Colorectal Epithelial Neoplasm in Korea: A Multicenter Survey of Pathologic Diagnosis: Yun Kyung Kang, So-Young Jin, Mee Soo Chang, Jung Yeon Kim, Gyeong Hoon Kang, Hye Seung Lee, Jin Hee Sohn, Ho Sung Park, Kye Won Kwon, Mi Jin Gu, Young Hee Maeng, Jong Eun Joo, Haeng Ji Kang, Hee Kyung Kim, Kee-Taek Jang, Mi Ja Lee, Hee Kyung Chang, Joon Mee Kim, Hye Seung Han, Won Ae Lee, Yoon Jung Choi, Dong Wook Kang, Sunhoo Park, Jae Hyuk Lee, Mee-Yon Cho; Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(3):245-251. Published online June 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.3.245

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Abstract PDF

Background

The incidence of early colorectal epithelial neoplasm (ECEN) is increasing, and its pathologic diagnosis is important for patient care. We investigated the incidence of ECEN and the current status of its pathologic diagnosis.

Methods

We collected datasheets from 25 institutes in Korea for the incidence of colorectal adenoma with high grade dysplasia (HGD) and low grade dysplasia in years 2005, 2007, and 2009; and early colorectal carcinoma in the year 2009. We also surveyed the diagnostic terminology of ECEN currently used by the participating pathologists.

Results

The average percentage of diagnoses of adenoma HGD was 7.0%, 5.0%, and 3.4% in years 2005, 2007, and 2009, respectively. The range of incidence rates of adenoma HGD across the participating institutes has gradually narrowed over the years 2005 to 2009. The incidence rate of early colorectal carcinoma in the year 2009 was 21.2%. The participants did not share a single criterion or terminology for the diagnosis of adenoma HGD. The majority accepted the diagnostic terms that distinguished noninvasive, mucosal confined, and submucosal invasive carcinoma.

Conclusions

Further research requirements suggested are a diagnostic consensus for the histopathologic diagnosis of ECEN; and standardization of diagnostic terminology critical for determining the disease code.

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Diminutive and Small Colorectal Polyps: The Pathologist's Perspective
Yun Kyung Kang
Clinical Endoscopy.2014; 47(5): 404. CrossRef

Case Report

Cystic Nephroma: A Case Report and Comparing Literature Review with Mixed Epithelial and Stromal Tumor of Kidney.: Hyun Jung Kim, Choong Hee Noh, Giyoung Kwon, Eunah Shin, Jung Yeon Kim, Kyeongmee Park; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45:S25-S28.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.S1.S25

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Abstract PDF: Cystic nephroma (CN) is a benign cystic neoplasm composed of mixed epithelial and stromal elements. Less than 200 cases have been reported. We had a patient, a 41-year-old woman, who had a huge typical CN. The patient was admitted for a right renal mass that was found incidentally. On laparaoscopic right nephrectomy, there was an encapsulated 7 cm multilocular cystic mass at the upper pole. Microscopically, the cystic wall was lined by a single layer of low cuboidal or hobnail epithelium without a solid area. The thin septa were composed of bland, ovarian type spindle cells. The main differential diagnoses were mixed epithelial and stromal tumor (MEST), low grade multilocular renal cell carcinoma, and tubulocystic carcinoma. The results of immunohistochemical staining were cytokeratin 7/19(+/+) and CD10(-) in lining epithelium, estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor(+/+) in stromal cells. After surgery, she was free of recurrence for 10 months. We report this rare case and compare it with other cystic renal tumors, especially MEST.

Original Articles

Comparison of Glomerular Size between Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis and Minimal Lesion in Children.: Jung Yeon Kim, Hyun Soon Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(10):903-911.

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Abstract PDF: The pathogenetic mechanism of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is not known. Some authors suggest glomerular hypertrophy may precede the development of FSGS in patients with minimal lesion. It was recently reported that the size of nonsclerotic glomeruli in adults with FSGS is significantly larger than that of cases with minimal lesion. It is not clear whether glomerular hypertrophy observed in adults with FSGS is also seen in children with FSGS. Thus, we have analyzed 37 renal biopsies from children with FSGS by morphometry and the data were compared with 37 renal biopsies from age- and sex-matched patients with minimal lesion. The number of glomeruli submitted for morphometric analysis was 22.6+/-14.2 in cases with FSGS and 30.9+/-11.4 in cases with minimal lesion. Mean glomerular volume (MGV) in FSGS group was significantly larger than that of minimal lesion [(13.1+/-3.9) x10(5) microm3 vs. (10.1+/-1.9) x10(5) microm3, p<0.001]. The relative interstitial volume of renal cortex in patients with FSGS was significantly larger than that of minimal lesion [(0.106+/-0.051) microm3/microm3 vs. (0.029+/-0.012) microm3/microm3, p<0.0001]. In FSGS, the percentage of glomeruli with FSGS was significantly correlated with relative interstitial volume of renal cortex (r=0.79, p<0.0001). As is the case for adult FSGS, MGV of children with FSGS is significantly larger than that of minimal lesion. Thus, the presence of glomerular hypertrophy observed in biopsies with minimal lesion nephropathy seems to be an indication that the coexistent FSGS lesions are undetected due to sampling problems.

c-erbB-2 Oncoprotein Expression in Ductal Carcinoma in situ and Paget's Disease of the Breast.: Jung Yeon Kim, Kyung Ja Cho, Seung Sook Lee, Shin Kwang Khang, Nam Sun Paik; Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(11):972-980.

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Abstract PDF: A clinico-pathologic study with an immunohistochemical examination for c-erbB-2 expression in 54 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ and 16 cases of Paget's disease of the breast was performed. c-erbB-2 oncoprotein overexpression was observed in 45% (24/54) and 88% (14/16) of ductal carcinoma in situ and Paget's disease, respectively. The overexpression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein was significantly correlated with the nuclear grade of tumors and inversely with the status of the estrogen receptor. c-erbB-2 was positive in 4 out of 5 patients with metastasis to axillary lymph nodes and 3 out of 4 patients who died of the disease. Prognostic significance of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein in ductal carcinoma in situ was highly suggested. The expression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein in Paget's disease was well correlated with coexisting infiltrating or in situ ductal carcinoma. The high positive rate of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein in ductal carcinoma with Paget's disease could be understood with a recent hypothesis that c-erbB-2 oncoprotein is involved in promotion of cell motility and the spread of carcinoma cells.

Type IV Collagen mRNA Expression in Human Membranous Nephropathy.: Tae Sook Kim, Jung Yeon Kim, Hye Kyoung Hong, Hyun Soon Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(11):1047-1054.

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Abstract PDF: Human membranous nephropathy (MN) is morphologically characterized by subepithelial immune complex deposits and progressive thickening of glomerular basement membranes (GBM). Studies have suggested that the enhanced secretion of classical and novel type IV collagen chains in MN contributes to spike formation and the novel type IV collagen chain is particularly related to thickening of GBM. It is unclear whether the increased accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in GBM is due to the increased mRNA expression for type IV collagen in glomerular visceral epithelial cells (GECs). To answer this question, we analyzed seven renal biopsies of patients with idiopathic MN using in situ hybridization. In MN, the number of GECs expressing mRNA for alpha1(IV) collagen was 2.82+/-1.80/glomerular cross section (gcs), and the number expressing mRNA for alpha4(IV) collagen was 8.42+/-2.85/gcs. The number of GECs expressing mRNA for alpha4(IV) collagen was significantly larger than that of alpha1(IV) collagen mRNA. The expression of mRNA for these ECM proteins in normal controls was negligible. These results suggest that subepithelial immune complexes stimulate the gene expression of alpha1(IV) collagen and alpha4(IV) collagen in glomerular GECs which, in turn, increase the secretion of ECM proteins and contribute to the thickening of GBM in MN.

Case Report

Myxoma of the Breast: A case report.: Jung Yeon Kim, Hye Jae Cho, Se Hwan Han; Korean J Pathol. 2000;34(6):471-474.

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Abstract PDF: A case of myxoma of the breast was reported. A 25-year-old woman showed a lump in the left breast which was suddenly enlarged after the delivery of a baby. A tumor measuring 73.53cm was located in the upper outer quadrant of the breast. Fine needle aspiration cytology revealed scattered benign spindle shaped mesenchymal cells with abundant myxoid material. On excision, the tumor was partly solid, partly cystic and multilocular. Each nodule consisted of an abundant mucoid material with a few spindle or stellate mesenchymal cells. Pleomorphism and mitosis were absent. The mesenchymal cells showed immunoreactivities for S-100 protein, smooth muscle actin, and CD34. The myxoid stroma was positively stained with alcian blue and mucicarmine. These findings suggest that constituent cells derive from totipotential primitive mesenchymal cells.

Original Articles

Preferential Expression of CD44 in Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma.: jung Yeon Kim, Jinye Yoo, Hyejae Cho; Korean J Pathol. 2001;35(4):314-318.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Papillary carcinoma is one of the most common malignant thyroid tumors and an important prognostic factor is the lymph node status. CD44 is a cell adhesion molecule and is associated with metastasis. The purpose of this study was to discover whether CD44 is valuable in the diagnosis of the papillary carcinoma, and whether Ki-67 and p53 are correlated with CD44 in the papillary carcinoma.
METHODS
We studied CD44, Ki-67 and p53 expressions in 34 cases of formalin-fixed paraffin embedded papillary thyroid carcinomas, and 20 cases of the follicular neoplasm using mouse anti-CD44 (H-CAM), Ki-67 and p53 monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS: Most of the papillary carcinomas expressed diffuse and intense membrane staining of CD44 (32/34 cases, 94.1%). Focal scattered immunoreactivity was observed in the follicular neoplasm (8/20 cases, 40.0%). The staining patterns of CD44 were similar in both follicular adenoma and carcinoma. Both groups with or without lymph node metastasis showed similar expression patterns for CD44. There were no differences in Ki-67 and p53 staining between papillary carcinomas and follicular neoplasms.
CONCLUSIONS
The result shows that papillary carcinomas preferentially display the CD44 antigen, and it is a useful diagnostic tool in the equivocal cases. There is no correlation among CD44, Ki-67 and p53 expressions in the papillary carcinoma.

Expression of p63 in Lung Cancer.: Sungjig Lim, Jung Yeon Kim, Kyeougmee Park; Korean J Pathol. 2003;37(2):100-107.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The DNA-binding protein p63, a member of the p53 family, regulates differentiation and proliferation of epithelial progenitor cells. In this study, we evaluated the expression of p63 in lung cancer to gain insight into the pathogenesis of these processes.
METHODS
A total of 89 patients who had undergone potentially curative surgery for lung cancer were selected. Expressions of p53, p63, and deltaNp63 were analyzed immunohistologically using a tissue array method with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens. Immunohistological results were then correlated with clinicopathological parameters with prognostic implications.
RESULTS
Expressions of p63 and deltaNp63 were found in 47 (52.8%) and 38 (43.2%) of the 89 patients, respectively. No relationships between the p63 or deltaNp63 expressions and any clinicopathological variables were found. p63 was expressed in 92.5% (37/40) of the squamous cell carcinomas, 17.9% (7/39) of the adenocarcinomas, 20% (1/5) of the small cell carcinomas, and 0% (0/5) of the large cell carcinomas. deltaNp63 was expressed in 92.3% (36/39) of the squamous cell carcinomas, 2.5% (1/39) of the adenocarcinomas, 0% (0/5) of the small cell carcinomas, 0% (0/5) of the large cell carcinomas, and 50% (1/2) of the adenosquamous cell carcinomas. In the squamous cell carcinomas, significantly high expressions of p63 and deltaNp63 were found (p<0.05). p53 protein was detected in samples from 49 of the 89 patients (55.1%). No significant associations between the p53 expressions and the p63 or deltaNp63 expressions were noted.
CONCLUSION
p63 or deltaNp63 is likely to be involved in the development of squamous cell carcinomas of the lung and no significant association was found between p63 or deltaNp63 and patient survival rates.

Role of Cytologic Scoring System in Minimizing "Gray Zone" in Breast Aspiration Cytology.: Jung Yeon Kim, Kyung Ja Cho, Seung Sook Lee, Shin Kwang Khang; Korean J Cytopathol. 1996;7(1):12-22.

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Abstract PDF: Fine needle aspiration(FNA) has been quite successful in identifying benign and malignant breast lesions, but a "gray zone" exists. A total of 697 FNAs of breast were performed at Korea Cancer Center Hospital for a period of one year. One hundred and eleven of the 697 FNAs were diagnosed as atypical or suspicious for malignancy. Among them, we reviewed 74 FNAs, in which histologic diagnoses were made, and applied cytologic grading system proposed by masood et al.(1990) to evaluate the usefulness of this system in minimizing the size of gray zone. Technical problem was responsible for equivocal diagnoses in 19 FNAs. Of the remaining 55 FNAs, 18 were benign and 37 were mali. Among benign conditions, fibroadenoma(5 cases) and fibrocystic disease with fibroadenomatous feature(3 cases) constituted the largest groups. The majority of malignant conditions were infiltrating ductal carcinoma(29 cases); however, those low grade carcinomas including tubular carcinoma(3 cases), cribriform carcinoma(2 cases), and mucinous carcinoma(2 cases) occupied a relatively large proportion Cytologic grading system was quite useful in minimizing the size of gray zone. The scores of 27 out of 29 usual infiltrating ductal carcinomas belonged to the group of cytologic malignancy, however, only 2 out of 7 low grade carcinomas got scores of malignancy. FNA from fibroadenoma or fibrocystic disease with fibroadenomatous features showed a tendency toward high scores. Experience of the cytopathologist and famillarity with cytologic alteration in breast disease cannot be overemphalized.

Cytologic Analysis of Adenocarcinoma of the Cervicovaginal Smears .: Jung Yeon Kim, Hye Jae Cho, Kyung Ja Cho, Hong Kyoon Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 1998;9(2):147-154.

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Abstract PDF: We have investigated the cervicovaginal smears in order to define the cytologic features of uterine adenocarcinomas. Total 22 cases were reviewed(12 cases from the Sanggye Paik hospital, Inje university and 10 cases from the Korea Cancer Center Hospital) from January 1992 to December 1997. Five cases were endometrial adenocarcinomas and the remaining 17 cases were cervical adenocarcinomas. Se venteen cases of cervical adenocarcinomas were divided into endometrioid(6 cases), endocervical(7 cases), mixed endometrioid and endocervical(1 case), papillary (2 cases), and adenosquamous(1 case) carcinomas. The background of endocervical adenocarcinoma was hemorrhagic or inflammatory. The tumor diathesis was less prominent than that of the squamous cell carcinoma. The prominent features of the endocervical type adenocarcinomas were large and loose clusters, large intra cytoplasmic vacuoles, and prominent overlapping and peripheral palisading of nuclei. In contrast, the endometrioid adenocarcinomas showed small and compact clusters, and small intracytoplasmic vacuoles. The detection rate of endometrial adeno carcinoma was lower than that of the endocervical adenocarcinoma.

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