Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Review

Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features: its updated diagnostic criteria, preoperative cytologic diagnoses and impact on the risk of malignancy: Hee Young Na, So Yeon Park; J Pathol Transl Med. 2022;56(6):319-325. Published online November 9, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.09.29

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Due to the extremely indolent behavior, a subset of noninvasive encapsulated follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinomas has been classified as “noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP)” since 2016 and is no longer considered carcinoma. Since the introduction of this new terminology, changes and refinements have been made in diagnostic criteria. Initially, the incidence of NIFTP was estimated substantial. However, the reported incidence of NIFTP varies greatly among studies and regions, with higher incidence in North American and European countries than in Asian countries. Thus, the changes in the risk of malignancy (ROM) in the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) differ inevitably among regions. Because more conservative surgery is recommended for NIFTPs, distinguishing NIFTPs from papillary thyroid carcinomas in preoperative fine-needle aspiration cytology became one of the major concerns. This review will provide comprehensive overview of updates on diagnostic criteria, actual incidence and preoperative cytologic diagnoses of NIFTP, and its impact on the ROM in TBSRTC.

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Papillae, psammoma bodies, and/or many nuclear pseudoinclusions are helpful criteria but should not be required for a definitive cytologic diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma: An institutional experience of 207 cases with surgical follow up
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ThyroSeq overview on indeterminate thyroid nodules: An institutional experience
Sam Sirotnikov, Christopher C. Griffith, Daniel Lubin, Chao Zhang, Nabil F. Saba, Dehong Li, Amanda Kornfield, Amy Chen, Qiuying Shi
Diagnostic Cytopathology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Preoperative evaluation of thyroid nodules – Diagnosis and management strategies
Tapoi Dana Antonia, Lambrescu Ioana Maria, Gheorghisan-Galateanu Ancuta-Augustina
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Reevaluating diagnostic categories and associated malignancy risks in thyroid core needle biopsy
Chan Kwon Jung
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Deepika Yadav, Pramod Kumar Sharma, Rishabha Malviya, Prem Shankar Mishra
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Identification of NIFTP-Specific mRNA Markers for Reliable Molecular Diagnosis of Thyroid Tumors
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Original Articles

A retrospective cytohistological correlation of fine-needle aspiration cytology with classification by the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology: Ji Hyun Park, Yoon Jin Cha, Ja Yeong Seo, Jae Yol Lim, Soon Won Hong; J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(5):419-425. Published online July 8, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2020.06.09

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Abstract PDF

Background
Before publication of the new classification system named the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) in 2018, there was no standard classification for salivary gland lesions obtained by fine-needle aspiration (FNA). We therefore aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of this system by retrospectively reviewing FNA samples using the MSRSGC and to determine their risk of developing into neoplasms and becoming malignant.
Methods
Retrospective slide review and classification of salivary gland FNAs obtained over a 6-year period (2013–2018) at a single center were performed by two pathologists. The risks of neoplasm and malignancy for each category also were calculated.
Results
This study surveyed 374 FNAs (371 patients) performed over a six-year period and selected 148 cases that included documented surgical follow-up (39.6%). Among the surgically treated cases, the distributions of FNA categories were as follows: non-diagnostic (ND; 16.9%), non-neoplastic (NN; 2.7%), atypia of undetermined significance (AUS; 3.4%), benign (BN; 54.7%), salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (SUMP; 10.1%), suspicious for malignancy (SM; 6.8%), and malignant (M; 5.4%). The risk of malignancy (ROM) was 24.0% for ND, 0% for NN, 40.0% for AUS, 2.5% for BN, 46.7% for SUMP, 100% for SM, and 87.5% for M. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 95.9% (142/148 cases).
Conclusions
The newly proposed MSRSGC appears to be a reliable system for classification of salivary gland lesions according to the associated ROM.

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Salivary gland fine-needle aspiration biopsy: quality assurance results from a tertiary cancer center
Fanni Ratzon, Dominique L. Feliciano, Nora Katabi, Bin Xu, Oscar Lin, Xiao-Jun Wei
Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology.2023; 12(3): 206. CrossRef
Cytohistological correlation and risk stratification of salivary gland lesions using the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology: A tertiary care centre experience
Tarun Kumar, Prerna Tewari, Jitendra Singh Nigam, Shreekant Bharti, Surabhi, Ruchi Sinha, Punam Prasad Bhadani
Cytopathology.2023; 34(3): 225. CrossRef
Assessment of Risk of Malignancy of Fine-needle Aspiration Cytology in Salivary Gland Lesions Using the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology Categorization: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Amit Kumar, Subhash Chandra, Bishnupati Singh, Swati Sharma, Ankita Tandon, Ajoy Kumar Shahi
The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice.2023; 23(10): 1039. CrossRef
Milan Sınıflandırma Sistemi’ne Göre Değerlendirilen Tükürük Bezi İnce İğne Aspirasyon Sitolojilerinin Histopatolojik Tanı Uyumu
Özlem SARAYDAROĞLU, Selin YİRMİBEŞ
Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi.2023; 49(3): 285. CrossRef
Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology: Adoption and outcomes in a community setting
Samih J. Nassif, Ali R. Sasani, Garrey T. Faller, Jennifer L. Harb, Jagdish K. Dhingra
Head & Neck.2022; 44(6): 1462. CrossRef
Nondiagnostic salivary gland FNAs are associated with decreased risk of malignancy compared with “all‐comer” patients: Analysis of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology with a focus on Milan I: Nondiagnostic
Shu K. Lui, Troy Tenney, Patrick C. Mullane, Kartik Viswanathan, Daniel J. Lubin
Cancer Cytopathology.2022; 130(10): 800. CrossRef
Application of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Zhaoyang Wang, Huan Zhao, Huiqin Guo, Changming An
Cancer Cytopathology.2022; 130(11): 849. CrossRef
Multiplexed single‐cell analysis of FNA allows accurate diagnosis of salivary gland tumors
Juhyun Oh, Tae Yeon Yoo, Talia M. Saal, Lisa Tsay, William C. Faquin, Jonathan C.T. Carlson, Daniel G. Deschler, Sara I. Pai, Ralph Weissleder
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Multistaining Optimization for Epstein-Barr Virus–Encoded RNA In Situ Hybridization and Immunohistochemistry of Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissues Using an Automated Immunostainer: Jae Nam Ko, Jin Kyoung Jung, Yun Ik Park, Hwa Jeong Shin, Jooryung Huh, Sol Back, Yu Jin Kim, Jae Ho Kim, Heounjeong Go; J Pathol Transl Med. 2019;53(5):317-326. Published online August 27, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2019.08.06

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Background
Single staining is commonly performed for practical pathologic diagnoses. However, this method is limited in its ability to specify cellular morphology and immunophenotype and often requires consumption of limited tissue. This study aimed to describe an optimized protocol for multiple in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC).
Methods
The quality of multistaining was evaluated by carefully changing each step of ISH and IHC in an angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) case on a Ventana BenchMark XT automated immunostainer. The optimized protocols were also performed using another immunostainer and in 15 cases of five Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–associated malignancies using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue.
Results
The quality of various ISHIHC staining protocols was semi-quantitatively evaluated. The best EBV-encoded RNA (EBER)-ISH/double IHC staining quality, equivalent to single staining, was obtained using the following considerations: initial EBER-ISH application, use of protease and antigen retrieval reagent (cell conditioning 1 [CC1] treatment time was minimized due to impact on tissue quality), additional baking/ deparaffinization not needed, and reduced dilution ratio and increased reaction time for primary antibody compared with single immunostaining. Furthermore, shorter second CC1 treatment time yielded better results. Multiple staining was the best quality in another immunostainer and for different types of EBV-associated malignancies when it was performed in the same manner as for the Ventana BenchMark XT as determined for AITL.
Conclusions
EBER-ISH and double IHC could be easily used in clinical practice with currently available automated immunostainers and adjustment of reagent treatment time, dilution ratio, and antibody reaction time.

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Shilah A. Bonnett, Alyssa B. Rosenbloom, Giang T. Ong, Mark Conner, Aric B.E. Rininger, Daniel Newhouse, Felicia New, Chi Q. Phan, Saskia Ilcisin, Hiromi Sato, John S. Lyssand, Gary Geiss, Joseph M. Beechem
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Detection of Epstein–Barr Virus in Periodontitis: A Review of Methodological Approaches
Lilit Tonoyan, Marlène Chevalier, Séverine Vincent-Bugnas, Robert Marsault, Alain Doglio
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Prognostic Role of Claudin-1 Immunohistochemistry in Malignant Solid Tumors: A Meta-Analysis: Jung-Soo Pyo, Nae Yu Kim, Won Jin Cho; J Pathol Transl Med. 2019;53(3):173-179. Published online March 5, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2019.02.03

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Abstract PDF

Background
Although the correlation between low claudin-1 expression and worse prognosis has been reported, details on the prognostic implications of claudin-1 expression in various malignant tumors remain unclear. The present study aimed to elucidate the prognostic roles of claudin- 1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) in various malignant tumors through a meta-analysis.
Methods
The study included 2,792 patients from 22 eligible studies for assessment of the correlation between claudin-1 expression and survival rate in various malignant tumors. A subgroup analysis based on the specific tumor and evaluation criteria of claudin-1 IHC was conducted.
Results
Low claudin-1 expression was significantly correlated with worse overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio [HR], 1.851; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.506 to 2.274) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR, 2.028; 95% CI, 1.313 to 3.134) compared to high claudin-1 expression. Breast, colorectal, esophageal, gallbladder, head and neck, and lung cancers, but not cervical, liver or stomach cancers, were significantly correlated with worse OS. Breast, colorectal, esophageal, and thyroid cancers with low claudin-1 expression were associated with poorer DFS. In the lower cut-off subgroup (< 25.0%) with respect to claudin-1 IHC, low claudin-1 expression was significantly correlated with worse OS and DFS.
Conclusions
Taken together, low claudin-1 IHC expression is significantly correlated with worse survival in various malignant tumors. More detailed criteria for claudin-1 IHC expression in various malignant tumors are needed for application in daily practice.

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Ekarat Phattarataratip, Kraisorn Sappayatosok
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Claudin-1 upregulation is associated with favorable tumor features and a reduced risk for biochemical recurrence in ERG-positive prostate cancer
Simon Kind, Franziska Büscheck, Doris Höflmayer, Claudia Hube-Magg, Martina Kluth, Maria Christina Tsourlakis, Stefan Steurer, Till S. Clauditz, Andreas M. Luebke, Eike Burandt, Waldemar Wilczak, Andrea Hinsch, David Dum, Sören Weidemann, Christoph Fraune
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Characterisation of endogenous Claudin‐1 expression, motility and susceptibility to hepatitis C virus in CRISPR knock‐in cells
Camille M.H. Clément, Maika S. Deffieu, Cristina M. Dorobantu, Thomas F. Baumert, Nilda Vanesa Ayala‐Nunez, Yves Mély, Philippe Ronde, Raphael Gaudin
Biology of the Cell.2020; 112(5): 140. CrossRef
Comment on “Prognostic Role of Claudin-1 Immunohistochemistry in Malignant Solid Tumors: A Meta-Analysis”
Bolin Wang, Yan Huang
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2019; 53(6): 411. CrossRef

Cytologic Diagnosis of Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-like Nuclear Features and Its Impact on the Risk of Malignancy in the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology: An Institutional Experience: Milim Kim, Joung Eun Kim, Hyun Jeong Kim, Yul Ri Chung, Yoonjin Kwak, So Yeon Park; J Pathol Transl Med. 2018;52(3):171-178. Published online April 3, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.04.03

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Abstract PDF

Background
This study was performed to analyze cytologic diagnosis of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) and its impact on the risk of malignancy (ROM) in the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC).
Methods
Five thousand five hundred and forty-nine cases of thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) diagnosed between 2012 and 2014 were included in this study. Diagnostic categories based on TBSRTC were compared with final surgical diagnoses, and the ROM in each category was calculated both when NIFTP was included in malignant lesions and when excluded from malignant lesions.
Results
Of the 5,549 thyroid FNAC cases, 1,891 cases underwent surgical resection. In final diagnosis, 1,700 cases were revealed as papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and 25 cases were reclassified as NIFTP. The cytologic diagnoses of NIFTP were non-diagnostic in one, benign in five, atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) in 14, follicular neoplasm in two, and suspicious for malignancy in three cases. Collectively, NIFTP/encapsulated follicular variant of PTC (EFVPTC) were more frequently classified as benign, AUS, or follicular neoplasm and less frequently categorized as malignant compared to conventional PTCs. Exclusion of NIFTP from malignant diagnoses resulted in a slight decrease in malignancy rates in non-diagnostic, benign, AUS, follicular neoplasm, and suspicious for malignancy categories without any statistical significance.
Conclusions
The decrease in the ROM was not significant when NIFTP was excluded from malignant lesions. In thyroid FNACs, NIFTP/EFVPTCs were mostly classified into indeterminate categories. Therefore, it might be feasible to separate NIFTP/EFVPTC from conventional PTC on FNAC to guide clinicians to conservative management for patients with NIFTP/EFVPTC.

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Kai Yan, Qing‐Zhi Liu, Rong‐Rong Huang, Yi‐Hua Jiang, Zhen‐Hua Bian, Si‐Jin Li, Liang Li, Fei Shen, Koichi Tsuneyama, Qing‐Ling Zhang, Zhe‐Xiong Lian, Haixia Guan, Bo Xu
Clinical and Translational Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Review

Thyroid Cytology: The Japanese System and Experience at Yamashita Thyroid Hospital: Shinya Satoh, Hiroyuki Yamashita, Kennichi Kakudo; J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51(6):548-554. Published online October 11, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.09.29

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Abstract PDF

In Japan, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is the most important diagnostic modality for triaging patients with thyroid nodules. A clinician (endocrinologist, endocrine surgeon, or head and neck surgeon) generally performs FNA cytology at the outpatient clinic, and ultrasound (US)-guided FNA is widespread because US is extremely common and most clinicians are familiar with it. Although almost all FNA thyroid samples are examined by certified cytopathologists and pathologists, some clinicians assess cytological specimens themselves. In Japan, there are two clinical guidelines regarding the management of thyroid nodules. One is the General Rules for the Description of Thyroid Cancer (GRDTC) published by the Japanese Society of Thyroid Surgery (JSTS) in 2005, and the other is the national reporting system for thyroid FNA cytology published by the Japan Thyroid Association in 2013 (Japanese system). Although the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (Bethesda system) is rarely used in Japan, both the GRDTC and Japanese system tried to incorporate the Bethesda system so that the cytological diagnoses would be compatible with each other. The essential point of the Japanese system is stratification of follicular neoplasm (FN) into three subgroups based on cytological features in order to reduce unnecessary diagnostic thyroidectomy, and this system has been successful in stratifying the risk of malignancy in FN patients at several high-volume thyroid surgery centers. In Japan, the measurement of thyroglobulin and/or calcitonin in FNA needle washings is often used as an adjunct for diagnosis of possible cervical lymph node metastasis when FNA cytology is performed.

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Case Report

Castleman's Disease of the Renal Sinus Presenting as a Urothelial Malignancy: A Brief Case Report: Se Min Jang, Hulin Han, Ki-Seok Jang, Young Jin Jun, Tchun Yong Lee, Seung Sam Paik; Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(5):503-506. Published online October 25, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.5.503

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Abstract PDF

Castleman's disease is a rare benign lymphoproliferative disorder that frequently affects lymph nodes of the mediastinal thorax and the neck. It very rarely affects the renal sinus. We report a case of Castleman's disease arising in the renal sinus in a 64-year-old man. The patient visited the hospital with the chief complaint of hematuria. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a homogeneous mass in the sinus of the left kidney, radiologically interpreted as a malignant urothelial tumor. Subsequently, nephroureterectomy was performed, after which microscopic examination of the specimen revealed a diffuse lymphoproliferative lesion with reactive lymphoid follicles of various sizes and prominent plasma cell infiltration of interfollicular spaces, highlighted by immunohistochemical staining for CD138. The lesion was diagnosed as Castleman's disease of the plasma cell type. Although preoperative diagnosis of Castleman's disease is difficult and the incidence is exceedingly rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of renal sinus tumors.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Misdiagnosis of renal pelvic unicentric Castleman disease: a case report
Dian Fu, Bo Yang, Ming Yang, Zhenyu Xu, Wen Cheng, Zhijia Liu, Liming Zhang, Zhiguo Mao, Cheng Xue
Frontiers in Surgery.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Case report: Castleman’s disease involving the renal sinus resembling renal cell carcinoma
Enlong Zhang, Yuan Li, Ning Lang
Frontiers in Surgery.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Radiologic features of Castleman’s disease involving the renal sinus: A case report and review of the literature
Xiao-Wan Guo, Xu-Dong Jia, Shan-Shan Shen, Hong Ji, Ying-Min Chen, Qian Du, Shu-Qian Zhang
World Journal of Clinical Cases.2019; 7(8): 1001. CrossRef
Castleman’s Disease: a Suprarenal Surprise!
Praveen Sundar, Priyank Bijalwan, Ginil Kumar Pooleri
Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology.2018; 9(2): 254. CrossRef

Original Articles

A Proposal for Creating a Guideline for Cancer Registration of the Fibromatosis, PEComa Group, Malignant Lymphoma In Situ and Dendritic Cell Tumors (III): Changyoung Yoo, Chang Suk Kang, Yoon La Choi, Hye Yoon Kang, Jin Man Kim, Young Hye Koh, Joo Hee Lee, Seung Sook Lee, In Sun Kim, Dong Hoon Kim, Yong Ku Park, Jin Hee Sohn; Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(5):436-442. Published online October 25, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.5.436

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Abstract PDF: Background
Understanding the biologic behavior of a tumor is a prerequisite for tumor registration code assignment. The aim of this report was to propose appropriate behavior codes of the International Classification of Disease Oncology 3 (ICD-O3) to rare, yet pathologically interesting hematopoietic and soft tissue tumors.
Methods
The Study Group for Hematopathology, the Bone and Soft Tissue Pathology Study Group, and the Cancer Registration Committee prepared the questionnaire containing provisional behavior codes of selected diseases.
Results
In situ lesions of mantle cell and follicular lymphomas, dendritic cell tumors, and neoplasms with perivascular epithelioid cell differentiation (PEComa), not otherwise specified were classified as malignant (-/3). The fibromatosis group, with the exception of lipofibromatosis, was proposed as benign (-/0). Lipofibromatosis and several diseases that belong to the PEComa group were proposed as uncertain malignant potential (-/1). For the hematologic and soft tissue tumors, 274 and 288 members of the Korean Society of Pathologists, respectively, provided opinions through questionnaire, and most responders showed agreement with the provisional behavior code proposed.
Conclusions
The determination of behavior codes for the rare diseases described in this study, especially those of the PEComa group or malignant lymphoma, could be viewed as impractical and premature, but this study provides the basis for future research on this topic.

Utility of Promoter Hypermethylation for Differentiating Malignant and Benign Effusions in Liquid-Based Cytology Specimens.: Ga Eon Kim, Jo Heon Kim, Yeong Hui Kim, Chan Choi, Ji Shin Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(3):315-321.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.3.315

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Making the cytologic differentiation between benign and malignant effusions can be difficult. Because promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes is a frequent epigenetic event in many human cancers, it could serve as a marker for the diagnosis of cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of detecting promoter hypermethylation as a diagnostic tool with using liquid-based cytology samples for differentiating between malignant and benign effusions.
METHODS
A multiplex, nested, methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to examine promoter methylation of 4 genes (retinoic acid receptor-beta, [RAR-beta], adenomatous polyposis coli [APC], Twist and high in normal-1 [HIN-1]) in malignant (n = 85) and benign (n = 31) liquid-based cytology samples.
RESULTS
The frequencies of hypermethylation of RAR-beta, APC, Twist and HIN-1 were significantly higher in the malignant effusions than in the benign effusions (p < 0.001 for each). On the receiver-operating characteristic analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) for APC was the greatest. The AUC for the best two-gene combination (APC/HIN-1) was not statistically different from the AUC for the best individual tumor suppressor gene (APC).
CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests that promoter methylation analysis on residual liquid-based effusion samples may be a feasible approach to detect malignant effusions, and that APC is the best marker for differentiating between malignant and benign effusions.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A comparative analysis of conventional cytopreparatory and liquid based cytological techniques (Sure Path) in evaluation of serous effusion fluids
Hrishikesh Dadhich, Pampa Ch Toi, Neelaiah Siddaraju, Kalidas Sevvanthi
Diagnostic Cytopathology.2016; 44(11): 874. CrossRef

Case Report

Papillary Neoplasm of the Endolymphatic Sac: A report of two cases.: Jai Hyang Go, Yoon Jung Choi, Tae Seung Kim, Chan Il Park; Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(2):150-154.

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Abstract PDF: Papillary tumor of the temporal bone or middle ear has been recognized as an aggressive neoplasm because of its invasive growth pattern. The site of origin is controversial so that most cases have been reported under various diagnostic terms. Recently, Heffner(1989) suggested that the endolymphatic sac is a possible site of origin, because the tumor resembles the endolymphatic sac in several aspects. We report two such cases. One patient was a 34-year-old female presenting with tinnitus and hearing difficulty for 1 year. Temporal bone CT revealed extensive bone destruction by the tumor which was located in the posterolateral aspect of temporal bone. The other patient was a 56-year-old female who complained of tinnitus, dizziness and otalgia for 2 years. Cranial MR imaging showed an irregularly marginated mass in the left jugular fossa with extension to the petrous bone. Histologically, both cases showed a papillary pattern and locally destructive growth that are typical of papillary tumor of the endolymphatic sac. The papillae were lined by a single layer of bland-looking cuboidal to low columnar cells. Immunohistochemically the lining cells expressed cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, neuron specific antigen and in one case, S-100 protein, supporting the thesis that these neoplasms might be of endolymphatic sac origin.

Original Article

A Serous Papillary Cystadenoma of Low Malignant Potential in Paratesticular Tissue.: Keum Min Park, Nam Bok Cho, Kye Yong Song; Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(5):463-465.

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Abstract PDF: The serous papillary cystadenoma of low malignant potential in the paratesticular tissue is a tumor characterized by its resemblance to ovarian serous papillary tumor of low malignant potential. Several possible origins have been proposed but it is thought to originate from the Mullerian-type epithelium just like ovarian serous tumor of low grade malignancy. Because of the rarity of this tumor, the natural history and treatment have not been established. Herein we report on a serous papillary cystadenoma arising in the paratesticular tissue of a 12 year old . To our knowledge, this is the first reported case in the Korean literature. The size of this cystic tumor in this patient was 0.9x0.9x0.8 cm and had a sponge-like cut surface. The papillary structure was lined by both ciliated and nonciliated secretory cells, the same cellular structure as the salpinx. Areas with just a few mitoses and stratification of epithelial cells were noted, but invasion into the paratesticular tissue was absent, suggesting borderline malignancy. He is doing well after 5 months follow up. Prognosis of this scrotal tumor is thought to be better than the ovarian tumor of similar histology due to a better possibility of early detection.

Case Report

Papillary Serous Cystadenoma of Borderline Malignancy Arising from a Paramesonephric Parovarian Cyst: A case report.: Ji Han Jung, Youn Soo Lee, Seok Jin Kang, Byung Kee Kim, Sang In Shim; Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(6):457-459.

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Abstract PDF: Primary malignant parovarian epithelial tumors are extremely rare, with only 56 cases previously reported in the world literature. Most parovarian epithelial tumors are of paramesonephric (Mullerian) origin. In this article, we report the first case in the Korean literature of papillary serous cystadenoma of borderline malignancy from paramesonephric parovarian cyst. This case presented here is of particular interest since this neoplasm is rare. A 48-year-old female underwent a hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection for a cystic tumor of the right parovarian area. The tumor, measuring 13 cm in diameter, was apart from the ovaries, fallopian tubes and uterus. The cyst wall had well-developed smooth muscle layers. The cyst was lined with mildly atypical ciliated and non-ciliated low columnar cells compatible with those of paramesonephric origin. From the inner surface of the cyst several cauliflower-like structures projected into the lumen. They were of a predominantly papillary architecture covered by atypical epithelial cells with piling-up and occasional glandular growth. No destructive stromal invasion was identified.

Original Article

Quality Assuarance on Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Malignant Salivary Gland Neoplasms.: Young Hyeh Ko, Young Lyun Oh; Korean J Cytopathol. 2004;15(1):40-44.

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Abstract PDF: To evaluate the quality of fine needle aspiration cytology diagnosis on malignant salivary gland neoplasms, cytologic findings were correlated with histologic diagnosis of 56 surgically removed malignant salivary gland tumors. Seven cases (12.5%) were insufficient, 23 cases (41.1%) were diagnosed as malignant, 17 (30.4%) cases were accurately diagnosed by histologic subtype, and 9 cases (16%) were diagnosed as benign. Five out of 9 false negative cases were misdiagnosed as pleomorphic adenomas. Except the cases with insufficient specimen, overall sensitivity was 81.6%, and the sensitivity varied according to the histologic subtype; 91% in salivary duct carcinoma, 100% in carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, 50% in mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 63% in adenoid cystic carcinoma, and 50% in acinic cell carcinoma. The diagnostic accuracy differed among cytopathologists irrespective of periods after acquisition of board of pathologists. These results confirm that salivary gland neoplasm can be easily misdiagnosed in fine needle aspiration cytology and a great caution should be given in diagnosing the benign appearing salivary aspirates to avoid under-diagnosis of malignant neoplasm with low grade cytologic atypia.

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