Lowe et al. [2] |
1990 |
Poorly demarcated, solid, hemorrhagic |
Extended beyond Gerota’s fascia densely adherent to the duodenum and the colon |
Keratin (AE1/AE3), vimentin: (+) |
EMA: focally (+) |
Desmin, myoglobin, muscle-type actin: (–) |
Clausen et al. [3] |
1994 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
Ebbinghaus et al. [4] |
1995 |
Only biopsy done |
Multiple metastasis to bilateral lungs |
Vimentin: focally (+) |
Desmin, S-100 protein or HMB-45 (–) |
CK: weak (+) |
Peng et al. [5] |
2003 |
White to grayish tan and flesh, focal areas of necrosis |
Invaded renal pelvis, calyces, the perihilar and perirenal adipose tissue, extended to the capsule, enlarged hilar lymph node |
Vimentin: diffuse (+) |
EMA, NSE, S-100: focal (+) |
p53: focal nuclear (+) |
Keratin (AE1/AE3, CAM5.2, CK7, and CK20): (–) |
CEA, SMA, myoglobin, light chains, HMB-45, MART-1: (–) |
Mucin: (–) |
Lymphoma markers: (–) |
Ki-67 (MIB-1): > 95% |
Zhao et al. [6] |
2013 |
White to gray with a fleshy texture, focal areas of necrosis and hemorrhage |
Focal invasion into capsule, retroperitoneal and left costophrenic angle lymph node metastases, metastasis to left lung |
Vimentin: diffusely (+) |
NSE, S-100, EMA: focally (+) |
Pancytokeratin, CK7, myoglobin, desmin, MSA, and SMA: (–) |
Podduturi et al. [7] |
2014 |
Poorly circumscribed, soft tan lesion, numerous tan-gray nodules within perinephric and renal sinus |
Extended from the hilum to the cortex, metastasis to bilateral lungs |
Vimentin, pan-CK: strong (+) |
Desmin, myoglobin, S-100, melanoma cocktail, TTF-1, CK7, CK20, CDX2, PAX8, CD31, CD34, factor VIII, CD30, CD45: (–) |
INI-1: (–) |
Okumura et al. [8] |
2019 |
Only biopsy done |
Multiple metastatic bone and lymph node lesions |
Vimentin, EMA, CAM5.2, p53: (+) |
CK, CD10: focally (+) |
INI1, CK7, CK20, AMACR, S100, CD45, RCC marker, ALK, α-SMA, desmin, MyoD, myogenin, HMB45, melan A: (–) |
Ayari et al. [9] |
2019 |
Only biopsy done |
Voluminous lymph nodes along the paraaortic region, compressing the inferior vena cava |
Vimentin: strongly (+) |
Myoglobin, desmin, SMA: (–) |