Fig. 1Histologically, no papillary architecture is observed, and cells lining follicles show large nuclei with grooves and nuclear pseudoinclusions resembling those of conventional papillary thyroid carcinoma (A, inset). Immunohistochemical staining shows positive immunoreactivity for galectin-3 (B) and cytokeratin 19 (C) and negative results for p27 (D) and cyclin D1 (E).
Fig. 2The probe is a mixture of two direct-labeled probes hybridizing to the 10q11.21 band. The orange fluorochrome direct-labeled probe hybridizes proximal to the RET gene, while the green fluorochrome direct-labeled probe hybridizes distal to that gene. The RET Dual Color Break Apart Probe shows one orange/green fusion signals in each nucleus in case no. 1 (A) and the same features in case no. 2 (B).
Fig. 3Histologically, papillary architecture with enlarged or oval-shaped elongated nuclear features is observed. Nuclear clearing or ground glass appearance and irregular nuclear contours are also observed (inset, A). Immunohistochemical staining reveals positive immunoreactivity for galectin-3 (B), cytokeratin 19 (C), and p27 (D) and negative results for cyclin D1 (E).
Table 1.Clinicopathologic features of thyroid carcinoma in Korean children and adolescents
No. |
No. of patients |
Sex |
Average age (range) |
Children |
ETE (%) |
LN metastasis (%) |
Distant metastasis (site) |
Pathologic type |
Reference |
1 |
53 |
M (9) |
M: 14.2 (10–19.3) |
4/F |
33 (62) |
38 (72) |
12 (lung) |
PTC (53) |
Cho et al. [2] |
F (44) |
F: 15.1 (4.5–19.7) |
2 |
11 |
M (6) |
M: 10.9 (5–15) |
1/M |
NA |
7 (64) |
5 (lung) |
PTC (9), FC (1), HC (1) |
Son et al. [9] |
F (5) |
F: 13.1 (9–15) |
3 |
68 |
M (9) |
15.5 ± 3.8 (NA) |
4/NA |
46 (68) |
47 (69) |
3 (NA) |
PTC (57), FC (8), PDC (3) |
Koo et al. [10] |
F (59) |
4 |
1 |
F |
8 |
1/F |
NA |
NA |
1 (lung) |
PTC |
Choi et al. [8] |
5 |
1 |
F |
13 |
NA |
1 (100) |
1 (100) |
1 (lung) |
PTC |
Lee et al. [7] |
6 |
2 |
F (2) |
16 (14–18) |
NA |
NA |
2 (100) |
1 (lung) |
PTC (2) |
Lee et al. [6] |
7 |
12 |
M (3) |
10.5 (5.5–14) |
1/M, 4/F |
NA |
10 (83) |
1 (lung) |
PTC (8), FC (3), mixed (1) |
Choi et al. [5] |
F (9) |
8 |
4 |
M (2) |
10.5 (9–14) |
1/F |
1 (25) |
3 (75) |
1 (lung) |
PTC (4) |
Yang et al. [4] |
F (2) |
Present case |
2 |
M (2) |
7.5 (7.2–8.1) |
2/M |
2 (100) |
2 (100) |
0 |
PTC (2) |
|
Total |
154 |
M (31) |
14.4 (4.5–19.7) |
18 (11.7%) |
NA |
NA |
25 (16.2%) |
PTC (137), FC (12), others (5) |
|
F (123) |