Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Volume 16(2); June 1982

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Serum Antitrypsin Levels in Gastric Ulcer Patients and Gastric Cancer Patients: In Sun Jun, Man Ha Huh; Korean J Pathol. 1982;16(2):119-123.

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Abstract: Alpha1-antitrypsin(AAT) is an alpha-1-globulin with a molecular weight of approximately 54,100. This glycoprotein inhibits trypisn, elastase, collagenase and proteolytic enzymes from human leukocytes. Increased AAT levels have been found in patients who have various neoplastic diseases; however, association of the enzyme with adenocarcinoma of the stomach and chronic peptic ulcer of the stomach has been studied to a very limited extent. To determine if a significant association exists with peptic ulcer and stomach cancer, serum AAT levels were measured in 30 patients with peptic ulcer and 30 patients with stomach cancer, as well as in 40(20 males and 20 females) healthy adults as control. Authors determined the serum levels of AAT by single radial immunodiffusion method. The results obtained are as follows: 1) The mean value of serum AAT concentration of the normal Korean adult group(from 20 to 60 years old) is 227±42.3㎎/㎗ and no significant difference between males(229±47㎎/㎗) and females (225±36㎎/㎗) is observed(p>0.05). 2) The mean value of serum AAT concentration in total patients with peptic ulcer(320±108.7㎎/㎗) is slightly increased(p<0.05) and the mean value in patients with peptic ulcer with perforation is significantly increased(p<0.05), as much as twice compared with that of normal value. And the value in patients with peptic ulcer without perforation is not significantly increased(p>0.05). 3) The mean value of serum AAT concentration in total patients with stomach cancer (405±122.4㎎/㎗) is significantly increased(p<0.05), as much as 1.8 times compared with that of normal value, but no significant difference between stomach cancer with metastasis and stomach cancer without metastasis is observed(p>0.05).

An Observation on the Leukocyte Transfusion: Kyung Won Lee, Oh Hun Kwon, Kyung Soon Song, Samuel Y. Lee, Yun Woong Ko*; Korean J Pathol. 1982;16(2):124-136.

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Abstract: Though the use of appropriate antibiotics in granulocytopenic patients, the mortality from infection is high. Therefore, an analysis of the clinical effects of leukocyte transfusions was made on granulocytopenic patients at Yonsei University Medical Center from September 1980 to October 1981. Following results were obtained; 1) As a result of 113 leukapheresis on 100 donors, they showed 7% decrease of Hot by alternative bag method and 6.4% by simple bag method. There was no significant difference between these two methods(p>0.1). In both methods, they showed a considerable increase of WBC counts after leukapheresis. 2) Out of 120 times of leukapheresis on 105 donors, there developed a transient paresthesia and chill on 19 occasions(15.8%) as the major complications, but no further serious problems were observed. As to these complications, there was no significant difference between forementioned two methods(p>0.05). 3) In alternative bag method, 1.374×10 Leukocytes were yielded, among which 70.3% were granulocytes. In simple bag method, 0.957×10 leukocytes were yielded, among which granulocytes were 55.3%. As to the granulocytes yields, the former method was definitely superior than the latter method((p<0.05). 4) The average body temperature of pre-transfusion in 29 patients was 38.1±1.0℃, which was reduced to 37.7±0.9℃ after the transfusion. The difference was statistically significant(p<0.01). The average circulating granulocyte counts of pre-transfusion was 215.8±257.3/㎕, which was elevated to 346.4±374.4/㎕ after 30 leukocyte transfusions in 17 patients. But the difference was statistically insignificant(p>0.05), an actual increments of circulating granulocyte was achieved in 19 occasions (63.3%). Throughout the experiment, 21 patients survived and 14 died. 5) Among the infectious organisms in granulocytopenic patients, the most common one was E. coli(6 cases), and the most common type of infection was septicemia(9 cases). 6) Following the transfusions, some of the patients developed alloimmunizations. Namely, out of 11 patients 5 were positive in lymphocytotoxicity test and the rest negative. Between these two group, there was no difference in clinical pictures.

Hemostatic Abnormalities in Patients with Chronic Liver Diseases: Myung Hee Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1982;16(2):137-144.

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Abstract: Five coagulation tests were performed in 79 randomly selected patients with chronic liver disease to evaluate the overall incidence and types of hemostatic abnormalities. The results were as follows: 1) Majority of the patients(89%) showed one or more abnormal coagulation tests. Most common abnormality was prolonged prothrombin time(80%) followed by decreased platet count(71%), decreased antithrombin III level(66%), hypofibrinogenemia(52%) and porlonged thrombin time(32%) in decreasing order of frequency. 2) The level of antithrombin III(54.0±28.8%), fibrinogen(207.2±145.4㎎/㎗), and platelets(11.9±10.6×104/㎣) were significantly decreased and prothrombin time(18.4±3.2 sec) was significantly prolonged compared to those of normal control. 3) Albumin level was significantly correlated to antithrombin III, fibrinogen, and prothrombin time. Among the coagulation tests, prothrombin time and antithrombin III level seemed to reflect hepatic synthetic function. 4) Frequency of abnormally prolonged prothrombin time was much higher with Behring Thromborel reagent compared to Dade thromboplastin C reagent.

A Study on Diagnostic Significance of Plasma CEA in Various Carcinomas and Non-neoplastic Diseases: Chae Won Lee, Sun Kyung Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1982;16(2):145-156.

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Abstract: This study was performed in order to clarify the diagnostic significance of plasma CEA level in various carcinomas and non-neoplastic diseases. The material used were 184 cases of the patients with carcinomas and 148 cases of the patients with non-neoplastic diseases. The patients were valued the plasma CEA level when the surgical specimens were submitted for evaluation of pathological diagnosis to our department of pathology, from Feb. 1979 to Jan. 1981. The frequencies of abnormal elevation of plasma CEA level were compared statistically with each other. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1) In the non-neoplastic diseases, the rate of abnormal elevation of plasma CEA level of the patients with liver cirrhosis was 44%, the patients with inflammatory disease of hepatobiliary system 26.9%, patient with inflammatory diseases of G-I tract 18.9%, and the patients with inflammatory diseases of other organs 20.0%, respectively. The rate of abnormal elevation of plasma CEA level of the patients with liver cirrhosis was significantly higher than that of various systems. 2) In the carcinomas, the rate of abnormal elevation of plasma CEA level of the patients with colorectal carcinoma was 34.6%, the patients with stomach carcinoma 39.3%, the patient with primary carcinoma of liver 57.5%, the patient with pulmonary carcinoma 40.0%, and the patients with pancreatic carcinoma 41.0% respectively. In the rate of abnormal elevation of plasma CEA level, there was no distinct difference among the cases of carcinomas. 3) The average rate of abnormal elevation of plasma CEA level, there was no distinct difference among the cases of carcinomas. 3) The average rate abnormal elevation of plasma CEA level in the patients with carcinomas was 42.9%, the patients with liver cirrhosis 44.0%, and the patients with inflammatory diseases 21.4%, respectively. The rate of abnormal elevation of plasms CEA level of the patients with carcinomas or liver cirrhosis was higher than that of the patients with inflammatory diseases. 4) The rate of abnormal elevation of plasma CEA level in patients observed were increased with age, but not differ by sex. On the basis of the above findings, it was suggested that plasma CEA is not specific in certain carcinoma and that it may have some significance to differentiate carcinomas and inflammatory diseases.

A Study on Serum Enzyme Activities in HBsAg Positive and HBsAg Negative Liver Diseases: Jung Man Kim, Eun Yup Lee, Soon Ho Kim; Korean J Pathol. 1982;16(2):157-164.

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Abstract: The authors investigated the activities of some serum enzymes in 66 cases of patients with HBsAg positive liver diseases and in 52 cases of patients with HBsAg negative ones and 25 cases of adult healthy controls. The patients with HBsAg positive liver diseases were consisted of 14 cases of acute hepatitis, 8 cases of chronic hepatitis, 29 cases of liver cirrhosis and 15 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. And the patients with HBsAg negative liver diseases comprised 9 cases of acute hepatitis, 11 cases of chronic hepatitis, 20 cases of liver cirrhosis and 12 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. Diagnosis was confirmed clinically and pathologically in all the patients. Serum HBsAg was detected by reverse passive hemagglutination test. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were measured by Reitman-Frankel method. And serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity was estimated by Kind-King method and serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (r-GTP) activity by Orlowski method. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1) The activities of serum AST and ALT were significantly higher in HBsAg positive liver cirrhosis than those in HBsAg negative one. 2) The activity of serum r-GTP was significantly higher in HBsAg positive chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis than that in HBsAg negative ones. 3) In HBsAg positive liver cirrhosis, a significant positive correlation was found between AST and AP activity and between ALT and AP activity, in HBsAg negative acute hepatitis between ALT and AP activity and in HBsAg positive hepatocellular carcinoma between AP and r-GPT activity, respectively. 4) In the HBsAg positive chronic hepatitis, a significant negative correlation was also observed between serum ALT and r-GTP activity On the basis of the results mentioned above, it is suggested that estimation of some serum enzyme activities may be somewhat helpful for differentiation between HBsAg positive and HBsAg negative liver diseases.

The Relation between Serum Proteins and Lactic Dehydrogenase Isoenzyme Activity in Liver Diseases: Woo Young Suh, Eun Yup Lee, Soon Ho Kim; Korean J Pathol. 1982;16(2):165-172.

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Abstract: The author investigated the relation between serum protein fraction and lactic dehydrogenase (LD) isoenzyme activity in 28 cases of patients with various liver diseases who had visited or admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine, Busan National University Hospital and 34 cases of adult healthy control subjects from June, 1978 to July, 1979. The 28 cases of the liver disease were consisted of 8 cases of chronic hepatitis, 9 cases of liver cirrhosis and 11 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. Total serum protein was measured by Biuret method and total serum LD activity was estimated by Caboud-Wr?blewski method. Serum protein fraction and LD isoenzyme activity were analyzed by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. The results obtained were summarized as follow 1) In the healthy control, there was no significant correlation between serum protein fractions and LD isoenzyme activities 2) In the chronic hepatitis, there was negative correlation between serum albumin and LD5 activity 3) In the liver cirrhosis, there was positive correlation between serum globulin and LD5 activity 4) In the hepatocellular carcinoma, there was negative correlation between LD5 activity and a1-, a2- and β-globulin, and also positive correlation between serum γ-globulin and LD4 & LD5 activity On the basis of above results, it was suggested that in differential diagnosis and evaluating clinical course and the effect of treatment of various liver diseases, evaluating the relation between serum protein fractions and LD isoenzyme activity might be more significant than that of each one of both separately.

Evaluation of Lipid Screening Methods for Hyperlipoproteinemia: Sook Joe Hur, Young Hoe Moon; Korean J Pathol. 1982;16(2):173-179.

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Abstract: Combination of rapid and reliable methods for the recognition of most common types of hyperlipoproteinemia according to D.S. Fredeickson seen in routine clinical laboratory are described. 4 Determination include for this kind of phenotyiping, determination of cholesterol, triglycerides, total lipids and an electrophoretic analysis of lipoprotein use agarose-gel as a medium with good differentiation obtained.

A Comparative Evaluation of Platelet Counting Methods: H.R. Park, K.E. Cheong, S.J. Soon, C.S. Lee, M.J. Cho; Korean J Pathol. 1982;16(2):180-186.

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Abstract: A comparative evaluation of automated and manual platelet counting methods, and the influence on sample standing and continuous agitation on the platelet counts have been performed. The material used in this study consist of 60 cases of EDTA anticoagulated blood showing hematologically normal findings. The results was follows, 1) Generally, manual counting showed lower than automated counting values in normal ranges. 2) The differences of count between methodes using whole blood(Coulter Model S-Plus) and method using platelet rich plasma(Coulter Thrombocounter-C) were not significant, but the former was more time saving and reproducible. 3) The differences of count between standing and continuous agitation of blood samples for 20 hours in room temperature revealed no statistically significant changes, and they showed lower values than initial counts.

Histotopographic Study on Morphological Nature and Significance of Submucosal Epithelial Heterotopia in the Human Stomach: Won Shik Song, Yong Il Kim, Jeong Wook Seo; Korean J Pathol. 1982;16(2):187-198.

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Abstract: One thousand consecutive autopsy and gastrectomy stomachs were investigated by extended histotopographic method to identify the morphological nature and distribution of submucosal epithelial heterotopia of the stomach and to clarify its histogenesis in relation with the development of gastritis cystica profunda by determination of common denominators between two lesions. Submucosal epithelial heterotopia was found in 188 out of 1,000 Korean stomachs(18.8%), and the incidence increased with age up to 25.2% or more after the sixth decade. No single case of heterotopia was present in stomachs under the age of 20. Majority of heterotopic nests(87.2%) were composed of foveolar and/or mucous neck cells, being participated by loose supportive tissue corresponding to the lamina propria of the covering mucosa and in part by smooth muscle coat of muscularis mucosae origin. The antralized portion of stomach was the principal site of those heterotopia, but also both anterior and posterior walls of the fundic area participated in 17% as well. The covering mucosa of the stomach above the heterotopic nests wes affected with varieties of chronic gastritis in 88.3%, and of those, chronic atrophic (hyperplastic) gastritis prevailed(69.1%). Disruption of muscularis mucosae above the heteropotic nests was demonstrated in 43.5%, to leave sufficient size of gaps through which herniation of reconstructed mucosa occurred. The association rate of heterotopia to gastric reflecting no specific relation to gastric carcinogenesis. Similarity of histotopographic pattern and composition between submucosal epithelial heterotopia and gastritis cystica profunda may lead to a concept that each represents a different stage of the same disease spectrum. The above findings strongly support that submucosal epithelial heterotopia is a product of an acquired gastric mucosal alteration, especially of chronic atrophic gastritis and secondary disruption of muscularis mucosae, through which the modified mucosa by gastritic reconstruction(Umbau) herniates into the underlying submucosa. It seems also a basic pathogenesis of gastritis cystica profunda that the compromised excretory pathway and mucous retention lead to subsequent cystic dilatation of submucosal epithelial nests.

Morphological Characteristics and Clinical Implication of Mucin Pool in Non-neoplastic Gastric Mucosa -Histotopographic Analysis of 180 Gastrectomy Specimens-: Chul Woo Kim, Yong Il Kim; Korean J Pathol. 1982;16(2):199-206.

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Abstract: One hundred and eighty cases of surgically resected stomachs (129 cases of adenocarcinoma, 28 gastric ulcers and 21 chronic gastritis) were reconstructed by the extended histotopographic method along the distribution and morphological characteristics of mucin pool of leakage in the non-neoplastic gastric mucosa to identify the significance of mucin pools as a supportive evidence for the diagnosis of gastric carcinoma, especially in limited material such as endoscopic biopsy specimen. The intramucosal mucin pools were demonstrated 51.2% in the cases of gastric carcinoma and none in gastric ulcer of chronic gastritis. Those mucin pools were confined to the non-neoplastic mucosa adjacent to the carcinomatous lesions, and most of them (84.7%) were within 6㎜ from carcinoma. Background mucosal changes of stomachs with mucin pools were characterized by advanced intestinal metaplasia in all positive cases. The above findings may reflect that the presence of such mucin pools in non-neoplastic gastric mucosa of endoscopic biopsy specimens is an important and helpful and supportive evidence in the diagnosis of carcinoma.

A Clinical and Pathological Study on Neoplasms of the Thyroid Among Koreans: Chan Kum Park, Kyo Suk Woo, Chong Man Kim, Yong Woo Lee*, Kook Hwae Koo; Korean J Pathol. 1982;16(2):207-216.

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Abstract: Thyroid cancer is not a common disease. But it has become a significant problem in medical practice. Because whenever an abnormality of the thyroid is observed, whether cancer exists or not must be examined. Several reports were conducted on thyroid diseases including cancer among Koreans. However, few studies were carried out on thyroid neoplasms including the relationship between their occurrence and blood group. This study was attempted to examine the clinical and histopathological aspects of the thyroid neoplasms. For this, among 290 cases of surgically removed thyroid lesions at Hanyang University Hospital during the period of 10 years from 1972 to 1981, 118 cases of thyroid neoplasms were examined. Followings are the results of this study; 1) Among 118 thyroid neoplasms, the ratio of male and female was 1:18.7. These cases included 77 cases(65%) of adenoma, 41 cases(35%) carcinoma. 2) The mean age of the patient with adenoma was 37.1 years and that of carcinoma 41.5. 3) An indurated mass was the major source of complaints. 4) The average duration of chief complaint of thyroid adenoma was 3 years and that of carcinoma 3.4 years. 5) The average dimension of adenoma was 3.9㎝ and that of carcinoma 3.6㎝. 6) Among 30 cases performed radioactive iodide scanning, 24 cases revealed cold nodules in which17 cases were adenomas microscopically. 7) 41.5% of adenoma and 24.4% of carcinoma were confirmed among patients diagnosed clinically as thyroid tumors. 8) Histopathologically, follicular type was comprised about 98.7% of adenoma. Papillary carcinoma was 58.5% of all carcinomas. 9) The distribution of blood groups among patients with thyroid neoplasms were blood group A for 43.5%, group O for 23.9%, group B for 20.7% and group AB for 12.0%.

Serum Levels of Immunoglobulins(IgG, IgA & IgM) and Complement C3 in Healthy Korean: Soon Pal Suh, Chang Soo Park, Joo Yong Yoo; Korean J Pathol. 1982;16(2):217-230.

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Abstract: This study attempted to estimate the mean concentration of immunoglobulins and complement in healthy Korean. Serum concentrations of immunoglobulins and complements in healthy persons vary with age, race and sex. So, meaningful interpretation of serum levels of immunoglobulins and complements in infants and aged persons might have been difficult because of wide range of normal value. Recently, the great advance in methodology for the quantitation of immunoglobulins and complements has been achieved. In the present report, the concentrations of the immunoglobulin(IgG, IgA and IgM) and complement C3 were measured by Hyland Laser nephelometry in sera of 557 healthy Koreans from birth to 70 years of age. The results were as follows. 1) The concentration of IgG in adult sera was 1551.8±391.1㎎/100㎖(mean±S.D.) in male, 1720.0±385.6㎎/100㎖ in female; the level of IgM was 126.5±52.6㎎/100㎖ in male, 156.9±56.8㎎/100㎖ in female. The IgA value in adult sera was 250.6±105.7㎎/100㎖ in male, 269.1±97.9㎎/100㎖ in female; the mean level of C3 in adult sera was 103.4±27.1㎎/100㎖ in male and 105.5±28.0㎎/100㎖ in female. The levels of IgG and IgM were higher in adult females than in adult males(p<0.005). However, no significant differences were found on the levels of IgA and C3 between adult males and females(p>0.05). 2) The average level of IgG in cord sera was similar to that of adult sera and lowest at the 1 to 12 months of age, i.e., about 45 per cent of adult level. In the group of 6 to 12 years of age, the mean value of serum IgG approached the adult level in both sexes(p<0.005). 3) In cord sera, IgA could be detected in 53 per cent of all neonates. In the group of 1 to 12 months of age, serum IgA level revealed about 25 per cent of adult value and it was reached the adult level in the group of 13 to 18 years of age. No significant difference was observed on the IgA level throughout all age groups in both sexes(p>0.05). 4) IgM was detected in all cord sera with been less than 10 per cent of average adult level. The serum IgM level in adult female was significantly higher than that of adult male (p<0.005). 5) Concentration of C3 in cord sera was about 47 per cent of adult value and reached the adult level within one year. No significant difference was noted on the C3 level throughout all age groups in both sexes(p>0.05).

A Comparative Study on the Third Generation Tests for the Detection of HBsAg: Dong Hee Cho, Young Sook Choi, Ae Jah Park, Kyung Soon Song, Samuel Y. Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1982;16(2):231-237.

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Abstract: The first and second generation tests for hepatitis B antigen(HBsAg), namely, gel diffusion, counterimmunoelectrophoresis are considered relatively insensitive tests. But it is not clear which of the more sensitive third generation tests would be most suitable for routine use. Because radioimmunoassay(RIA) is generally accepted as being the most sensitive method currently available, sensitivity and specificity of other third generation tests including ELISA and RPHA with different commercial kits were compared with the results of RIA. Comparisons were also made in terms of procedural simplicity, amount of time required to complete the test and cost of the assay kit. Study subjects consisted of 235 in-patient blood samples requested for HBsAg test and 206 blood samples from voluntary blood donors in Yonsei University Medical Center during the period of 5 months from July to December in 1980. The results are summarized as follows; 1) The seropositive cases for HBsAg in 235 patients were 86(36.6%) by RIA(Abbott) and 85(36.2%) by ELISA(Abbott) (p>0.05). 2) The detection rates of HBsAg in 59 positive samples by RIA were 57(96.6%) by Cellognost(Behring), 58(98.3%) by Serodia(Fujizoki), and 54(91.5%) by Raphadex B(Ortho) (p>0.05). 3) Of the 130 HBsAg negative samples by RIA, 11(8.4%) by Cellognost(Behring), 6(4.6%) by Serodia(Fujizoki) and 4(3.1%) by Raphadex B(Ortho) were positive (p>0.05). 4) Seropositive rates for HBsAg in 206 voluntary blood donors were 5.2% by CIEP and 16.4% to 20.4% by different kits for RPHA (p<0.05). The RPHA appears to be a very sensitive, rapid, and simple method for detecting HBsAg. However, false positive results occurring with some sera needs confirmation by specific inhibition or by testing with another methods. In terms of sensitivity and specificity, ELISA appears to be a satisfactory method which can be used in clinical laboratory. Also it can circumvents the high cost and problems inherent in RIA systems.

A Pathologic Study of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas -Around the Chung Cheong Area-: Chung Sik Lee, Tae Sook Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1982;16(2):238-242.

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Abstract: Reprospective pathologic study of 86 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, obtaining from 1973 to 981, was performed. It was subclassified according to criteria of Rappaport and was assesed for age, sex, and sites. The result were obtained as follows; 1) In the 86 patients, 5 had nodular lymphomas and 81 had diffuse lymphomas. 2) The most common subtype is diffuse histiocytic(29.1%), and followed in order by diffuse poorly differentiated lymphocytic(20.9%), diffuse mixed(18.6%), diffuse lymphoblastic(12.8%) diffuse well differentiated lymphocytic(11.6%), nodular mixed(3.4%), nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytic(1.2%), nodular well differentiated lymphocytic(1.2%), and diffuse undifferentiated(1.2%). 3) The male to female ratio of the entire group was 4:4.1. 4) The mean age of the entire group was 35.7%) years. The diffused histiocytic is most old(39.4 years), and the diffuse lymphoblastic is most young (16.5 years). 5) The sites of the lymphomas are cervical lymph node(40.7%), gastro-intestinal tract(26.7%), inguinal lymph node(11.6%), tonsil(10.5%), skin and subcutaneous tissue(4.6%), nasopharynx(3.5%), bone(1.2%), and orbit(1.2%). 6) Among the histiocytic types, extranodal sites involvement are 56% of the cases.

The incidence of irregular antibodies in Korean blood donors, pregnant and multiparous women: Won Bae Kim, Dong Wha Lee, Duk Yong Kang, Dae Il Lee*; Korean J Pathol. 1982;16(2):243-249.

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Abstract: Irregular antibodies are antibodies that are not regularly resent in the serum of a particular blood groups, e.g., anti-A1 in the A2B group or Rh antibodies in Rh negative individuals. Some of these antibodies are produced asa result of immunization by pregnancy or previous transfusion while others are developed although the patients concerned have never been exposed to foreign red cells. The presence of irregular antibodies is usually detected in discrepancies in ABO cell and serum typings, incompatible results in cross matching, or positive results in deliberate antibody screening tests. To understand the frequency of irregular antibody bamong Korean, screening tests were done with 2,518 serum samples of donor and 595 serum samples of pregnant and multiparous women which were collected during the period of Jan. 1980 to Sept. 1981. The results obtained are as follows; 1) With the screening of 2,518 donor sera, no irregular antibodies were detected by saline, albumin, and antiglobulin techniques, but one out of 2,518 cases(0.04%) was detected to be positive by papain test. But the antibody could not be identified because the serum specimen was insufficient. 2) With the screening of 595 pregnant and multiparous women's sera, one case of anti-E in group A, CDe/CDe pregnant, one case of anti-A1 in a cis A2B mother, and, one case of anti-P1 in 42 year old multipara were detected and identified with the use of pooled O cells, known Rh positive screening cell, Selectogen I, II and Resolve Panel A of Ortho Diagnostics.

An Autopsy Case of Cyclopia: Min Chul Lee, Jung Jae Yim*, In Sun Kim, Seung Yong Paik; Korean J Pathol. 1982;16(2):250-252.

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Abstract: The term "cyclos" designates a congenital anomaly of a bilateral symmetrical malformation of the head in which there is absent or poorly developed median structures. However, it would be more inclusively defined that anomaly in which the eyes are closely adjacent as to lie within single orbit. The cyclopic monster presented here was still-born from a 28 year-old woman. The baby was delivered in 33 weeks of gestation and the mother had a history of ingestion of diagestive drugs during pregnancy. The baby presented the malformation of the head consisting of single orbital cavity in the midline containing one eyeball with two fused corneas and one pupil, no nose nor oral cavity, but synotia. The skull showed a single flattened anterior cranial fossa, absence of crista galli and narrow sella turcica. The brain presented the great degree of malformation in the anterior telencephalon, which failed to divide into two hemispheres and was only composed of horseshoe-shaped or inverted mushroom-like structure. The third ventricle was greatly dilated and it's roof was bollooned out to form a cyst filling the greater part of the cranial cavity. The diencephalon was noted as unpaired protuberence in the floor of malformed forebrain. The pons, medulla and cerebellar hemisphere were well developed. Olfactory bulbes and tracts and left optic nerve were absent.

Ovarian Borderline Mucinous Cystadenoma Associated with Benign Cystic Teratoma and Carcinosarcomatous and Giant Cell Tumor-like Lesions: Young Chae Chu, In Sun Kim, Seung Yong Paik; Korean J Pathol. 1982;16(2):253-256.

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Abstract: The association of mucinous tumors of ovary with other ovarian neoplasma, such as dermoid cyst and Brenner tumor, is well recognized. Bettinger described a pseudomucinous cystadenoma of the ovary that showed a large focus of giant cell tumor of bone. We reported a case of ovarian borderline mucinous cystadenoma associated with areas of benign cystic teratoma and carcinosarcomatous and giant cell tumor-like lesions in nulliparous 22 year-old woman and reviewed the literatures about its pathogenesis and prognostic significance.

Thymoma Associated with Pure Red Cell Aplasia: Yang Suk Chae, In Sun Kim, Seung Yong Paik; Korean J Pathol. 1982;16(2):257-261.

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Abstract: The association of thymoma and pure red cell aplasia has been recognized with increasing frequency during recent years. In May 1980, we experienced a case of thymoma accompanying pure red cell aplasia in a 57 year old male. Clinical history and histopahtological and laboratory findings were discussed and a brief review of literatures was made.

Holotelencephaly, Special Variant (an autopsy case): In Sook Lim, Jung Hee Lee, Ill Hyang Ko, Je G Chi*.; Korean J Pathol. 1982;16(2):262-265.

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Abstract: Holotelencephaly is a congenital malformation of the telencephalon which characterized by developmental failure of the cerebral hemispheres. It is frequently associated with midline facial defect. There are rare cases of holotelencephaly not associated with midline facial defect. We have experienced an autopsy case of atypical form of holotelencephaly characterized by partial fusion of cerebral hemispheres at the parietal region with developmental failure of the corresponding lateral ventricle. On the other hand, interhemispheric fissure of the frontal and occipital regions was well developed as well as lateral ventricle of the corresponding regions. No facial anomaly was present in this case. The above findings do not seem to coincide with reported cases of holotelencephaly. It is postulated that this is an unusual variant of holotelencephaly because of the developmental correlation of the cerebral hemisphere and lateral ventricle.

Parathyroid Carcinoma -A report of 1 case-: An Hi Lee, Jin Hee Cho, Chong Moo Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1982;16(2):266-269.

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Abstract: Carcinoma of the parathyroid is an infrequent cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. Various authorities have estimated its incidence of 3 to 4% of all cases of primary hyperparathyroidism. Though several case reports on the parathyroid adenoma have been published in Korea, as far as our knowledge is concerned, no report on the parathyroid carcinoma can be found. In June, 1981, we experienced a case of parathyroid carcinoma in a 36 year old female with hyperparathyroidism. Clinical data and histopathological findings with light and electron microscope of the case were discussed and a brief review of the literature on this entity was made.

Extrauterine Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma -Report of A Case-: Eun Jung Lee, Chin Hee Cho; Korean J Pathol. 1982;16(2):270-273.

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Abstract: A 44-year-old woman underwent the diagnosis of adenomyosis uteri, and the left adnexal mass was found at the time of operation. The tumor tissue mainly formed solid, partly cystic masses which was spread to the omentum, peritoneum and mesentery. The tumor was diagnosed as extrauterine endometrial stromal sarcoma without preexisting endometriosis. Distinctive histologic features identifying this neoplasm as ectopic growths of endometrial stroma included prominent vessels, focal stromal foam cells, bland cytologic features and rare mitoses. The uterine endometrium and the myometrium were entirely free from any neoplastic growth or hyperplastic change. The perimetrial surface showed several scattered nodular involvement of tumor spread. However, no myometrial invasion was found.

A Case of Salmonella Osteomyelitis of Humerus: Sook Ja Park, Chang Il Park*, Sung Keun Sohn*, Seung Rim Park*, Kyung Soo Choi*; Korean J Pathol. 1982;16(2):274-277.

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Abstract: The authors recently experienced Samlonella osteomyelitis of the right humeral neck. The patient was a 37-year-old male, who had no clinical history of suffering from typhoid fever. The laboratory data, such as CBC, ESR, and widal test were normal. X-ray revealed round radiolucent area on the right humeral neck about 3㎝ in diameter. Culture revealed the etiological agent, Salmonella typhi. He was treated with curettage and continuous irrigation. Chloramphenicol was used for 20 days and ampicillin and septrim for 5 weeks.

Hemangioblastoma of Cerebellum and Upper Cervical Cord: Young Hi Park, Yong Koo Park, Jung Dal Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1982;16(2):278-283.

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Abstract: Authors described clinical manifestations and pathologic features of 4 cases with hemangioblastomas arising in the cerebellum(3 cases) and upper cervical cord(one case). One of the four satisfied criteria of Lindau's disease characterized by multiple cerebellar hemangioblastomas associated with renal and pancreatic cysts. Two cerebellar and one spinal cord hemangioblastomas were solitary. The three cerebellar tumors were cystic with mural nodules, and the spinal cord tumor was solid. No history of familial occurrence was obtained in the cases reported.

Congenital Neuroblastoma -An autopsy case-: Ki Sook Hong, Woon Sup Han, Ok Kyung Kim; Korean J Pathol. 1982;16(2):284-287.

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Abstract: Neurolastoma is one of the most common and highly malignant tumor of infancy and childhood, but the incidence of congenital neuroblastoma is rare. This case is of interest because extensive involvement of visceral organs by neuroblastoma presumably led to antenatal death. An autopsy, a well circumscribed tumor mass, measuring 5×4×3㎝ in size and 4gm in weight was found in left adrenal. The liver was enlarged and weighed 273gm. Other abnormalities were absent. Grossly the tumor was a solid, dark reddish, well circumscribed mass and homogeneous surface. The tumor nodules or masses were not seen in other visceral organs. Microscopically the tumor composed of round cells of neuroblasts with well formed rosettes and infiltrated the liver, right adrenal and lung, suspicious for the spleen and kidney.

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