Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Case Study

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Extrahepatic Common Hepatic Duct: Myunghee Kang, Na Rae Kim, Dong Hae Chung, Hyun Yee Cho, Yeon Ho Park; J Pathol Transl Med. 2019;53(2):112-118. Published online October 1, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.09.03

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We report a rare case of hilar squamous cell carcinoma. A 62-year-old Korean woman complaining of nausea was referred to our hospital. Her biliary computed tomography revealed a 28 mm-sized protruding solid mass in the proximal common bile duct. The patient underwent left hemihepatectomy with S1 segmentectomy and segmental excision of the common bile duct. Microscopically, the tumor was a moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct, without any component of adenocarcinoma or metaplastic portion in the biliary epithelium. Immunohistochemically, the tumor was positive for cytokeratin (CK) 5/6, CK19, p40, and p63. Squamous cell carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct is rare. To date, only 24 cases of biliary squamous cell carcinomas have been reported. Here, we provide a clinicopathologic review of previously reported extrahepatic bile duct squamous cell carcinomas.

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A Rare Case of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Bile Duct
Julianna Tantum, Rachael Schneider, Stefanie Gallagher, Kyley Leroy, Jared Lander, Patricia Wong
ACG Case Reports Journal.2023; 10(8): e01119. CrossRef
Metastatic Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Presenting as an Indeterminate Biliary Stricture Diagnosed By Cholangioscopy
Ritu Nahar, Ian Holmes, Jeffrey Baliff, Austin Chiang, Thomas Kowalski
ACG Case Reports Journal.2022; 9(6): e00785. CrossRef
Temporal Changes in Cholangiocarcinoma Incidence and Mortality in the United States from 2001 to 2017
Milind Javle, Sunyoung Lee, Nilofer S Azad, Mitesh J Borad, Robin Kate Kelley, Smitha Sivaraman, Anna Teschemaker, Ishveen Chopra, Nora Janjan, Shreekant Parasuraman, Tanios S Bekaii-Saab
The Oncologist.2022; 27(10): 874. CrossRef
PRIMARY SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE COMMON BILE DUCT WITH LIVER METASTASES
Dhouha BACHA, Mohamed HAJRI, Wael FERJAOUI, Ghofrane TALBI, Lasaad GHARBI, Mohamed Taher KHALFALLAH, Sana ben SLAMA, Ahlem LAHMAR
ABCD. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva (São Paulo).2021;[Epub] CrossRef
S1510 A Rare Case of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Bile Duct
Stefanie Gallagher, Kyley Leroy, Julianna Tantum, Babak Etemad
American Journal of Gastroenterology.2021; 116(1): S688. CrossRef
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Carcinoma primario de células escamosas del conducto hepático común: a propósito de un caso
Ana Delgado Maroto, Andrés Barrientos Delgado, Marta Lázaro Sáez, Samia Hallouch Toutouh, Enrique Práxedes González
Gastroenterología y Hepatología.2019; 42(7): 436. CrossRef
Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct: A case report
Ana Delgado Maroto, Andrés Barrientos Delgado, Marta Lázaro Sáez, Samia Hallouch Toutouh, Enrique Práxedes González
Gastroenterología y Hepatología (English Edition).2019; 42(7): 436. CrossRef

Original Articles

Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Subclassification into Basal, Ductal, and Mixed Subtypes Based on Comparison of Clinico-pathologic Features and Expression of p53, Cyclin D1, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, p16, and Human Papillomavirus: Kyung-Ja Cho, Se Un Jeong, Sung Bae Kim, Sang-wook Lee, Seung-Ho Choi, Soon Yuhl Nam, Sang Yoon Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51(4):374-380. Published online June 8, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.03.03

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Abstract PDF

Background
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma with distinct pathologic characteristics. The histogenesis of BSCC is not fully understood, and the cancer has been suggested to originate from a totipotent primitive cell in the basal cell layer of the surface epithelium or in the proximal duct of secretory glands.
Methods
Twenty-six cases of head and neck BSCC from Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, reported during a 14-year-period were subclassified into basal, ductal, and mixed subtypes according to the expression of basal (cytokeratin [CK] 5/6, p63) or ductal markers (CK7, CK8/18). The cases were also subject to immunohistochemical study for CK19, p53, cyclin D1, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and p16 and to in situ hybridization for human papillomavirus (HPV), and the results were clinico-pathologically compared.
Results
Mixed subtype (12 cases) was the most common, and these cases showed hypopharyngeal predilection, older age, and higher expression of CK19, p53, and EGFR than other subtypes. The basal subtype (nine cases) showed frequent comedo-necrosis and high expression of cyclin D1. The ductal subtype (five cases) showed the lowest expression of p53, cyclin D1, and EGFR. A small number of p16- and/or HPV-positive cases were not restricted to one subtype. BSCC was the cause of death in 19 patients, and the average follow-up period for all patients was 79.5 months. Overall survival among the three subtypes was not significantly different.
Conclusions
The results of this study suggest a heterogeneous pathogenesis of head and neck BSCC. Each subtype showed variable histology and immunoprofiles, although the clinical implication of heterogeneity was not determined in this study.

Citations

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HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer: epidemiology, molecular biology and clinical management
Matt Lechner, Jacklyn Liu, Liam Masterson, Tim R. Fenton
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology.2022; 19(5): 306. CrossRef
Neoadjuvant treatment combined with planned endoscopic surgery in locally advanced sphenoid sinus basaloid squamous cell carcinoma
Yinghong Zhang, Suqing Tian, Yali Du, Qiang Zuo, Li Zhu, Furong Ma
Medicine: Case Reports and Study Protocols.2022; 3(6): e0044. CrossRef
Cetuximab and paclitaxel combination therapy for recurrent basaloid squamous cell carcinoma in the ethmoid sinus
Satoshi Koyama, Kazunori Fujiwara, Tsuyoshi Morisaki, Taihei Fujii, Yosuke Nakamura, Takahiro Fukuhara, Hiromi Takeuchi
Auris Nasus Larynx.2021; 48(6): 1189. CrossRef
Constitutive Hedgehog/GLI2 signaling drives extracutaneous basaloid squamous cell carcinoma development and bone remodeling
Marina Grachtchouk, Jianhong Liu, Mark E Hutchin, Paul W Harms, Dafydd Thomas, Lebing Wei, Aiqin Wang, Donelle Cummings, Lori Lowe, Jonathan Garlick, James Sciubba, Arul M Chinnaiyan, Monique E Verhaegen, Andrzej A Dlugosz
Carcinogenesis.2021; 42(8): 1100. CrossRef
Conjunctival ‘mucoepidermoid carcinoma’ revisited: a revision of terminology, based on morphologic, immunohistochemical and molecular findings of 14 cases, and the 2018 WHO Classification of Tumours of the Eye
Hardeep S. Mudhar, Tatyana Milman, Paul J.L. Zhang, Carol L. Shields, Ralph C. Eagle, Sara E. Lally, Jerry A. Shields, Sachin M. Salvi, Paul A. Rundle, Jennifer Tan, Ian G. Rennie
Modern Pathology.2020; 33(7): 1242. CrossRef
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma with adenoid cystic‐like features of the head and neck region: A report of two cases
Kimihide Kusafuka, Haruna Yagi, Satoshi Baba, Hiroshi Inagaki, Chinatsu Tsuchiya, Kazuki Hirata, Aya Muramatsu, Makoto Suzuki, Kazumori Arai, Tadashi Terada
Pathology International.2020; 70(10): 767. CrossRef
Association study of cell cycle proteins and human papillomavirus in laryngeal cancer in Chinese population
Lifang Cui, Congling Qu, Honggang Liu
Clinical Otolaryngology.2019; 44(3): 323. CrossRef
Liver metastatic basaloid squamous cell carcinoma with negative expression of pancytokeratin: a case report and literature review
Linxiu Liu, Xuemin Xue, Liyan Xue
Diagnostic Pathology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma at the Floor of the Mouth and Mandible: A Case Report
Jun-Sang Lee, Uk-Kyu Kim, Dae-Seok Hwang, Jun-Ho Lee, Hong-Seok Choi, Na-Rae Choi, Mi Heon Ryu, Gyoo Cheon Kim
The Korean Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology.2019; 43(5): 197. CrossRef
p53 and p16 expression in oral cavity squamous cell and basaloid squamous cell carcinoma
Allisson Filipe Lopes Martins, Carlos Henrique Pereira, Marília Oliveira Morais, Paulo Otávio Carmo Souza, Lucas Borges Fleury Fernandes, Aline Carvalho Batista, Elismauro Francisco Mendonça
Oral Cancer.2018; 2(1-2): 7. CrossRef
Expression and role of EGFR, cyclin�D1 and KRAS in laryngocarcinoma tissues
Xinsheng Lin, Guofeng Wen, Shuangle Wang, Hangui Lu, Chuangwei Li, Xin Wang
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

Significance of Parafibromin Expression in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinomas: Inju Cho, Mija Lee, Sharon Lim, Ran Hong; J Pathol Transl Med. 2016;50(4):264-269. Published online June 23, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2016.04.24

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Abstract PDF

Background
Parafibromin is a product of the tumor suppressor gene that has been studied as a potential indicator of tumor aggressiveness in the parathyroid, breast, colorectum, and stomach. However, the clinical significance and potential function of parafibromin expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of parafibromin in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and to verify its potential as a biomarker of tumor behavior.
Methods
Parafibromin expression was evaluated in 30 cases of LSCC using immunohistochemistry. The correlations between parafibromin expression and clinicopathologic parameters were investigated.
Results
Parafibromin expression was positive in 15 cases (50%) and negative in 15 cases (50%). Tumor size and T stage showed a statistically significant inverse relationship with parafibromin expression (p=.028 and p<.001, respectively). Parafibromin expression was not associated with age, sex, lymph node metastasis, tumor differentiation, or tumor location. There was no statistically significant relationship between parafibromin expression and progression-free survival in the patients (p>.05).
Conclusions
Our results indicate that the downregulation or loss of parafibromin expression can be employed as a novel marker of tumor progression or aggressiveness in LSCC.

Citations

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Advances in the application of label‐free quantitative proteomics techniques in malignancy research
Xiao Meng, Dong Liu, Yan Guan
Biomedical Chromatography.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The roles of the tumor suppressor parafibromin in cancer
Hua-chuan Zheng, Hang Xue, Cong-yu Zhang
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The clinicopathological and prognostic significances of CDC73 expression in cancers: a bioinformatics analysis
Hua-Chuan Zheng, Bao-Cheng Gong, Shuang Zhao
Oncotarget.2017; 8(56): 95270. CrossRef

Prognostic Significance of Aquaporin 5 Expression in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Young Min Jo, Tae In Park, Hwa Young Lee, Ji Yun Jeong, Won Kee Lee; J Pathol Transl Med. 2016;50(2):122-128. Published online February 8, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2015.10.31

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Abstract PDF

Background
Aquaporins are water channel proteins that play a major role in the movement of water in various human tissues. Recently, it has been found that aquaporins have influence in the carcinogenesis of human malignancies. We analyzed the prognostic impact of aquaporin 5 (AQP5) in non-small lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Seventy-six cases of NSCLC were studied, including 44 cases of adenocarcinoma (ADC) and 32 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC). Tissue microarray was constructed and immunohistochemical staining for AQP5 was performed. Results: AQP5 was positive in 59.2% of the total enrolled NSCLCs (63.7% in ADC and 53.1% in SQCC). The difference in expression of AQP5 according to the histologic grade of the tumor was significant (p<.047), but not in a serial order. When ADC and SQCC were separately evaluated, no significant difference was observed according to the histologic grade of the tumor (p=.076 in ADC and p=.631 in SQCC). No difference was observed between AQP5 expression and other demographic data and tumor characteristics. Disease-free survival (DFS) was higher in AQP5 negative cases than positive cases in ADC (p=.047), but no significance was found in SQCC (p=.068). We were unable to find a significance between AQP5 overexpression and overall survival in either ADC (p=.210) or SQCC (p=.533). Conclusions: AQP5 expression is associated with DFS in ADC of the lung and tumor grade of NSCLC. The present study suggests that AQP5 can be a prognostic factor of NSCLC.

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Aquaporin-mediated dysregulation of cell migration in disease states
Ian M. Smith, Shohini Banerjee, Allison K. Moses, Kimberly M. Stroka
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The Role of Aquaporin 5 (AQP5) in Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Review Article
Lukasz Jaskiewicz, Anna Romaszko-Wojtowicz, Anna Doboszynska, Agnieszka Skowronska
Cells.2023; 12(3): 468. CrossRef
Aquaporins 1, 3 and 5 in Different Tumors, their Expression, Prognosis Value and Role as New Therapeutic Targets
Mahdieh-Sadat Moosavi, Yalda Elham
Pathology & Oncology Research.2020; 26(2): 615. CrossRef
Aquaporins in lung health and disease: Emerging roles, regulation, and clinical implications
Ekta Yadav, Niket Yadav, Ariel Hus, Jagjit S. Yadav
Respiratory Medicine.2020; 174: 106193. CrossRef
Combined Systematic Review and Transcriptomic Analyses of Mammalian Aquaporin Classes 1 to 10 as Biomarkers and Prognostic Indicators in Diverse Cancers
Pak Hin Chow, Joanne Bowen, Andrea J Yool
Cancers.2020; 12(7): 1911. CrossRef
Prognostic Role of S100A8 and S100A9 Protein Expressions in Non-small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
Hyun Min Koh, Hyo Jung An, Gyung Hyuck Ko, Jeong Hee Lee, Jong Sil Lee, Dong Chul Kim, Jung Wook Yang, Min Hye Kim, Sung Hwan Kim, Kyung Nyeo Jeon, Gyeong-Won Lee, Se Min Jang, Dae Hyun Song
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2019; 53(1): 13. CrossRef
Effect of FGF/FGFR pathway blocking on lung adenocarcinoma and its cancer‐associated fibroblasts
Ahmed E Hegab, Mari Ozaki, Naofumi Kameyama, Jingtao Gao, Shizuko Kagawa, Hiroyuki Yasuda, Kenzo Soejima, Yongjun Yin, Robert D Guzy, Yoshikazu Nakamura, David M Ornitz, Tomoko Betsuyaku
The Journal of Pathology.2019; 249(2): 193. CrossRef
Anti-cancer effect of Aquaporin 5 silencing in colorectal cancer cells in association with inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin pathway
Wei Wang, Qing Li, Tao Yang, Dongsheng Li, Feng Ding, Hongzhi Sun, Guang Bai
Cytotechnology.2018; 70(2): 615. CrossRef
Knockdown of aquaporin-5 sensitizes colorectal cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil via inhibition of the Wnt–β-catenin signaling pathway
Qing Li, Tao Yang, Dongsheng Li, Feng Ding, Guang Bai, Wei Wang, Hongzhi Sun
Biochemistry and Cell Biology.2018; 96(5): 572. CrossRef
Implications of KRAS mutations in acquired resistance to treatment in NSCLC
Marzia Del Re, Eleonora Rofi, Giuliana Restante, Stefania Crucitta, Elena Arrigoni, Stefano Fogli, Massimo Di Maio, Iacopo Petrini, Romano Danesi
Oncotarget.2018; 9(5): 6630. CrossRef

The Clinicopathological Significance of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Associated Protein Expression in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Kyu Ho Kim, Lucia Kim, Suk Jin Choi, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu, Young-Mo Kim, In Suh Park, Joo Han Lim; Korean J Pathol. 2014;48(4):263-269. Published online August 26, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2014.48.4.263

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Abstract PDF

Background

Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) has an important role in invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the roles of EMT-associated proteins on progression and metastasis as a prognostic/predictive factor in curatively-resected (R0) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods

A total of 118 patients who received curative surgery for HNSCC at Inha University Hospital between January 1996 and December 2011 were included. We used protein immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expression of E-cadherin, vimentin, and EZH2 on tissue microarrays. Also, we reviewed all medical records and analyzed the relationship between the expression of EMT-associated proteins and prognosis.

Results

The E-cadherin-negative group showed more moderate/poor differentiation of cancer cell type than the higher E-cadherin-expressing group (p=.016) and high EZH2 expression was significantly correlated with nodal metastasis (p=.012). Our results demonstrate a significant association between high expression of EZH2 and vimentin and presence of distant progression (p=.026). However, expression of E-cadherin, vimentin, and EZH2 was not significantly associated with overall survival.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that an EMT-associated protein expression profile is correlated with aggressiveness of disease and prognosis, and could be a useful marker for determination of additional treatment in curatively-resected HNSCC patients.

Citations

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Polycomb repressive complex 2 and its core component EZH2: potential targeted therapeutic strategies for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Yuxi Cheng, Zhengzheng Song, Xiaodan Fang, Zhangui Tang
Clinical Epigenetics.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Prognostic Value of TWIST1 and EZH2 Expression in Colon Cancer
Samar M. Abdel Raouf, Taiseer R. Ibrahim, Lobna A. Abdelaziz, Mohamed I. Farid, Salem Y Mohamed
Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer.2021; 52(1): 90. CrossRef
HOXB5 acts as an oncogenic driver in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma via EGFR/Akt/Wnt/β-catenin signaling axis
Kyungmin Lee, Jae Won Chang, Chan Oh, Lihua Liu, Seung-Nam Jung, Ho-Ryun Won, Young Il Kim, Ki-Sang Rha, Bon Seok Koo
European Journal of Surgical Oncology.2020; 46(6): 1066. CrossRef
EZH2 overexpression in head and neck cancer is related to lymph node metastasis
Julie C. Nienstedt, Cornelia Schroeder, Till Clauditz, Ronald Simon, Guido Sauter, Adrian Muenscher, Marco Blessmann, Henning Hanken, Christina Pflug
Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine.2018; 47(3): 240. CrossRef
MiR-876-5p modulates head and neck squamous cell carcinoma metastasis and invasion by targeting vimentin
Yibo Dong, Yang Zheng, Chundi Wang, Xu Ding, Yifei Du, Laikui Liu, Wei Zhang, Wei Zhang, Yi Zhong, Yunong Wu, Xiaomeng Song
Cancer Cell International.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
HMGA2 is associated with the aggressiveness of tongue squamous cell carcinoma
H Zhang, Z Tang, C Deng, Y He, F Wu, O Liu, C Hu
Oral Diseases.2017; 23(2): 255. CrossRef
miR-375 Regulates Invasion-Related Proteins Vimentin and L-Plastin
Lizandra Jimenez, Jihyeon Lim, Berta Burd, Thomas M. Harris, Thomas J. Ow, Nicole Kawachi, Thomas J. Belbin, Ruth Angeletti, Michael B. Prystowsky, Geoffrey Childs, Jeffrey E. Segall
The American Journal of Pathology.2017; 187(7): 1523. CrossRef
Functional and therapeutic significance of EZH2 in urological cancers
Xiaobing Liu, Qingjian Wu, Longkun Li
Oncotarget.2017; 8(23): 38044. CrossRef
EZH2, an on–off valve in signal network of tumor cells
Shanshan Sun, Feng Yu, Lun Zhang, Xuan Zhou
Cellular Signalling.2016; 28(5): 481. CrossRef
High EZH2 Protein Expression Is Associated with Poor Overall Survival in Patients with Luminal A Breast Cancer
Si-Hyong Jang, Jong Eun Lee, Mee-Hye Oh, Ji-Hye Lee, Hyun Deuk Cho, Kyung-Ju Kim, Sung Yong Kim, Sun Wook Han, Han Jo Kim, Sang Byung Bae, Hyun Ju Lee
Journal of Breast Cancer.2016; 19(1): 53. CrossRef
EZH2 promotes invasion and metastasis of laryngeal squamous cells carcinoma via epithelial-mesenchymal transition through H3K27me3
HuaNan Luo, Yuan Jiang, SiJing Ma, HuanHuan Chang, ChunXi Yi, Hui Cao, Ying Gao, HaiLi Guo, Jin Hou, Jing Yan, Ying Sheng, XiaoYong Ren
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications.2016; 479(2): 253. CrossRef

Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Upper Genital Tract: Utility of p16^INK4a Expression and HPV DNA Status in its Differential Diagnosis from Extended Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Su Hyun Yoo, Eun-Mi Son, Chang Okh Sung, Kyu-Rae Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(6):549-556. Published online December 24, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.6.549

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Abstract PDF

Background

Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the upper genital tract, including the endometrium, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, is extremely rare. It must be distinguished from the mucosal extension of primary cervical SCC because determination of the primary tumor site is important for tumor staging. However, patients with SCC of the fallopian tubes or ovarian surface have often undergone prior hysterectomy with inadequate examination of the cervix, making it difficult to determine the primary site.

Methods

We compared histologic findings, p16^INK4a expression, and human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA status in four patients with primary SCC of the upper genital tract and five patients with primary cervical SCC extending to the mucosa of the upper genital tract.

Results

All five SCCs of cervical origin showed strong expression of p16^INK4a, whereas all four SCCs of the upper genital tract were negative, although one showed weak focal staining. Three of the five cervical SCCs were positive for HPV16 DNA, whereas all four primary SCCs of the upper genital tract were negative for HPV DNA.

Conclusions

Although a thorough histological examination is important, immunonegativity for p16^INK4a and negative for HPV DNA may be useful adjuncts in determining primary SCCs of the upper genital tract.

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PAX8 Positivity, Abnormal p53 Expression, and p16 Negativity in a Primary Endometrial Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Daniela Fanni, Michele Peiretti, Valerio Mais, Elena Massa, Clara Gerosa, Francesca Ledda, Maria Luisa Fais, Gavino Faa, Stefano Angioni
International Journal of Gynecological Pathology.2022; 41(4): 431. CrossRef
Molecular Analysis of HPV-independent Primary Endometrial Squamous Cell Carcinoma Reveals TP53 and CDKN2A Comutations
Mark R. Hopkins, Doreen N. Palsgrove, Brigitte M. Ronnett, Russell Vang, Jeffrey Lin, Tricia A. Murdock
American Journal of Surgical Pathology.2022; 46(12): 1611. CrossRef
Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the endometrium—Case report with cytological characteristics in direct and indirect endometrial samples
Sanda Rajhvajn, Ana Barišić, Lada Škopljanac‐Mačina, Danijela Jurič, Vesna Mahovlić
Cytopathology.2021; 32(6): 823. CrossRef
Überraschung in der Abradatdiagnostik
U. Kellner, A. Kellner, U. Cirkel
Der Pathologe.2015; 36(3): 317. CrossRef
Retropharyngeal Lymph Node Metastasis in 54 Patients with Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Who Underwent Surgery-Based Treatment
Eun-Jae Chung, Go-Woon Kim, Bum-Ki Cho, Sung-Jin Cho, Dae-Young Yoon, Young-Soo Rho
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2015; 22(9): 3049. CrossRef

Histopathologic Predictors of Lymph Node Metastasis and Prognosis in Tonsillar Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Dong Jin Lee, Mi Jung Kwon, Eun Sook Nam, Ji Hyun Kwon, Jin Hwan Kim, Young-Soo Rho, Hyung Sik Shin, Seong Jin Cho; Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(3):203-210. Published online June 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.3.203

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Abstract PDF

Background

Risk factors for lymph node metastasis in tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) need to be established to determine the degree of surgery required to achieve high curative rates. However, little is known currently about the histopathological features predicting prognosis, specifically in TSCC.

Methods

This study included 53 patients who underwent surgical resection with neck dissection. Clinicopathological factors investigated included age, gender, alcohol use, tobacco consumption, tumor stage, adjacent structure involvement, cell differentiation, squamous dysplasia, in situ carcinoma associated with primary invasive cancer, carcinoma in situ skip lesions, necrosis, invasive front, depth of invasion, and lymphatic, muscle, or perineural invasion.

Results

Contralateral cervical metastasis was associated with higher T stages and soft palate invasion. Lymphatic and muscle invasion were associated with ipsilateral cervical metastasis. Advanced T stage, invasion to the base of tongue, and skip lesions were associated with decreased disease-free survival. Advanced T stage and skip lesions were associated with worse overall survival.

Conclusions

Advanced T stage and soft palate invasion may predict a high risk of contralateral nodal metastasis. T stage and skip lesion are worse prognostic factors in TSCC and should be commented in pathology reports.

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OpenAi’s ChatGPT-4, BARD and YOU.com (AI) and the Cancer Patient, for Now, Caveat Emptor, but Stay Tuned
Glenn Tisman, Raju Seetharam
Digital Medicine and Healthcare Technology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Comprehensive Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Distinct Gene Expression Patterns of Tumor Microenvironment in HPV-Associated and HPV-Non Associated Tonsillar Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Reham M. Alahmadi, Najat Marraiki, Mohammed Alswayyed, Hatim A. Khoja, Abdullah E. Al-Anazi, Rawan M. Alahmadi, Meshael M. Alkusayer, Bandar Alosaimi, Maaweya Awadalla
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Predictors of contralateral‐bilateral nodal disease in oropharyngeal cancer: A National Cancer Data Base Study
Masanari G. Kato, Mark A. Ellis, Shaun A. Nguyen, Terry A. Day
Head & Neck.2018; 40(2): 338. CrossRef
Clinical implication of programmed cell death-1 ligand-1 expression in tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma in association with intratumoral heterogeneity, human papillomavirus, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
Mi Jung Kwon, Young-Soo Rho, Eun Sook Nam, Seong Jin Cho, Hye-Rim Park, Soo Kee Min, Jinwon Seo, Ji-Young Choe, Eun Soo Kim, Bumjung Park, Mineui Hong, Kyueng-Whan Min
Human Pathology.2018; 80: 28. CrossRef
Comparison of the eighth version of the American Joint Committee on Cancer manual to the seventh version for colorectal cancer: A retrospective review of our data
Guo-Jun Tong, Gui-Yang Zhang, Jian Liu, Zhao-Zheng Zheng, Yan Chen, Ping-Ping Niu, Xu-Ting Xu
World Journal of Clinical Oncology.2018; 9(7): 148. CrossRef
HIPK2 Overexpression and Its Prognostic Role in Human Papillomavirus-Positive Tonsillar Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Mi Jung Kwon, So Young Kang, Eun Sook Nam, Seong Jin Cho, Young-Soo Rho
BioMed Research International.2017; 2017: 1. CrossRef
Frequent hepatocyte growth factor overexpression and low frequency of c-Met gene amplification in human papillomavirus–negative tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma and their prognostic significances
Mi Jung Kwon, Dong Hoon Kim, Hye-Rim Park, Hyung Sik Shin, Ji Hyun Kwon, Dong Jin Lee, Jin Hwan Kim, Seong Jin Cho, Eun Sook Nam
Human Pathology.2014; 45(7): 1327. CrossRef
CT and MR imaging findings of palatal tumors
Hiroki Kato, Masayuki Kanematsu, Hiroki Makita, Keizo Kato, Daijiro Hatakeyama, Toshiyuki Shibata, Keisuke Mizuta, Mitsuhiro Aoki
European Journal of Radiology.2014; 83(3): e137. CrossRef

Human Papillomavirus Prevalence and Cell Cycle Related Protein Expression in Tonsillar Squamous Cell Carcinomas of Korean Patients with Clinicopathologic Analysis: Miji Lee, Sung Bae Kim, Sang-wook Lee, Jong-Lyel Roh, Seung-Ho Choi, Soon Yuhl Nam, Sang Yoon Kim, Kyung-Ja Cho; Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(2):148-157. Published online April 24, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.2.148

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Abstract PDF

Background

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) has recently been characterized as a distinct subset with a favorable prognosis. The prevalence and clinicopathologic significance of HPV-related TSCC in Koreans are not well known.

Methods

HPV in situ hybridization (ISH) accompanied by p53, p16, pRb, and cyclin D1 immunohistochemical staining were performed on 89 resection cases of TSCC from 2000 through 2010.

Results

HPV was detected by ISH in 59 of 89 cases (66.3%). HPV-positive TSCCs were more common in younger ages (p=0.005), and tumor sizes were smaller in the HPV-positive compared to the HPV-negative group (p=0.040). Positive HPV staining was significantly correlated with p16 expression (p<0.001), pRb inactivation (p=0.003), and cyclin D1 down-regulation (p<0.001) but not with p53 expression (p=0.334). Seventeen cases that showed p16-immunopositivity with HPV-negativity by ISH were retested by HPV typing; HPV DNA was not detected in all cases. There was no significant difference between HPV-positive and HPV-negative patients either in the disease-specific survival (DSS, p=0.857) or overall survival (p=0.910). Furthermore, pRb-inactivated cases showed better DSS (p=0.023), and p53-positive cases showed worse DSS (p=0.001).

Conclusions

Although high HPV prevalence was noted, it was not correlated with histopathologic findings or survival benefit. In addition to p53 expression, pRb inactivation along with p16 overexpression and down-regulation of cyclin D1 are thought to be important pathogenetic steps for developing TSCCs.

Citations

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Ha Young Park, Joong Seob Lee, Jee Hye Wee, Jeong Wook Kang, Eun Soo Kim, Taeryool Koo, Hee Sung Hwang, Hyo Jung Kim, Ho Suk Kang, Hyun Lim, Nan Young Kim, Eun Sook Nam, Seong Jin Cho, Mi Jung Kwon
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Negative Prognostic Implication of TERT Promoter Mutations in Human Papillomavirus–Negative Tonsillar Squamous Cell Carcinoma Under the New 8th AJCC Staging System
Hyunchul Kim, Mi Jung Kwon, Bumjung Park, Hyo Geun Choi, Eun Sook Nam, Seong Jin Cho, Kyueng-Whan Min, Eun Soo Kim, Hee Sung Hwang, Mineui Hong, Taeryool Koo, Hyo Jung Kim
Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology.2021; 12(S1): 134. CrossRef
Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus and its genotype distribution in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
Yuil Kim, Young-Hoon Joo, Min-Sik Kim, Youn Soo Lee
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2020; 54(5): 411. CrossRef
Frequent hepatocyte growth factor overexpression and low frequency of c-Met gene amplification in human papillomavirus–negative tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma and their prognostic significances
Mi Jung Kwon, Dong Hoon Kim, Hye-Rim Park, Hyung Sik Shin, Ji Hyun Kwon, Dong Jin Lee, Jin Hwan Kim, Seong Jin Cho, Eun Sook Nam
Human Pathology.2014; 45(7): 1327. CrossRef

Expression of c-Met Is Different along the Location and Associated with Lymph Node Metastasis of Head and Neck Carcinoma: Ji-Young Choe, Ji Yun Yun, Soo-Jeong Nam, Ji Eun Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(6):515-522. Published online December 26, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.6.515

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Abstract PDF

Background

Activation of the c-Met pathway is involved in cancer progression and the prognosis. We aimed to identify any association of c-Met protein expression with a number of clinicopathologic variables including infection of human papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in head and neck carcinomas (HNCa).

Methods

Eighty-two cases were enrolled in this study. Expression of c-Met and p16 was investigated immunohistochemically. EBV was detected by in situ hybridization and amplification of the c-Met gene by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Results

The c-Met protein was expressed in 41.5% (34/82), and gene amplification was found in 1.4% (1/71). High expression of c-Met was associated with the primary location of the tumor; the hypopharynx showed the highest expression, followed by the oral cavity, larynx, and nasal cavity. Squamous cell carcinoma expressed c-Met more frequently than undifferentiated carcinoma. Also, p16 immunoreactivity or EBV infection was associated with the tumor location and well-differentiated histologic type, but were not linked to c-Met expression. The patients with positive c-Met expression showed frequent lymph node metastasis.

Conclusions

Activation of the c-Met pathway might be involved in a subset of HNCa. Cases showing positive c-Met expression should be carefully monitored because of the high probability of lymph node metastasis.

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P. Szturz, E. Raymond, C. Abitbol, S. Albert, A. de Gramont, S. Faivre
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Petr Szturz, Marie Budíková, Jan B. Vermorken, Ivana Horová, Břetislav Gál, Eric Raymond, Armand de Gramont, Sandrine Faivre
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Distinct c-Met activation mechanisms induce cell rounding or invasion through pathways involving integrins, RhoA and HIP1
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Case Report

Primary Endometrial Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of Relevant Literature on Korean Women: Sung Jong Lee, Hyun Joo Choi; Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(4):395-398. Published online August 23, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.4.395

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Abstract PDF

Primary endometrial squamous cell carcinoma (PESCC) is an extremely rare tumor with unclear pathogenesis. A 54-year-old postmenopausal woman presented with a 6-month history of vaginal bleeding. The patient was provisionally diagnosed with uterine submucosal leiomyoma. This was followed by total hysterectomy with a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy under the laparoscopic guidance. Histopathologically, the tumor was PESCC which was accompanied by a lack of the tumor in the uterine cervix. The tumor showed positive immunoreactivity for p^16INK4a. But there was no evidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) on in situ hybridization and HPV DNA chip analysis. We also present a review of the relevant literature on Korean women.

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Heena Gautam, Sumita Mehta, Nidhi Nayar, Neha Kumar, Syed Akhtar Husain, Mausumi Bharadwaj
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PAX8 Positivity, Abnormal p53 Expression, and p16 Negativity in a Primary Endometrial Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Daniela Fanni, Michele Peiretti, Valerio Mais, Elena Massa, Clara Gerosa, Francesca Ledda, Maria Luisa Fais, Gavino Faa, Stefano Angioni
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Original Articles

Expressions of E-cadherin, Cortactin and MMP-9 in Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Their Relationships with Clinicopathologic Factors and Prognostic Implication: Tack Kune You, Kyoung Min Kim, Sang Jae Noh, Jun Sang Bae, Kyu Yun Jang, Myoung Ja Chung, Woo Sung Moon, Myoung Jae Kang, Dong Geun Lee, Ho Sung Park; Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(4):331-340. Published online August 23, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.4.331

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Abstract PDF

Background

E-cadherin, cortactin, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 have roles in tumor development or progression, but their expression has not been fully investigated in pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck.

Methods

We evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin, cortactin, and MMP-9 in 29 cases of PEH and 97 cases of SCC. Additionally, we evaluated their relationship with clinicopathologic factors and prognostic implications in SCC.

Results

Thirty-five cases of SCC showed reduced expression of E-cadherin, whereas none of the PEH did. A total of 20 cases and 11 cases of SCC were immunoreactive for cortactin and MMP-9, respectively, whereas none of the PEH did. In SCC, reduced expression of E-cadherin was correlated with cortactin expression and invasion depth. Cortactin expression was correlated with differentiation, T classification, and recurrence and/or metastasis. MMP-9 expression was correlated with invasion depth. Cortactin expression was correlated with poor overall survival and relapse-free survival and it was an independent prognostic factor.

Conclusions

The reduced expression of E-cadherin and the expression of cortactin may be helpful for the differential diagnosis of PEH and SCC. Furthermore, cortactin expression in association with reduced E-cadherin expression is correlated with poor prognosis in SCC.

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COMPARISON OF EXPRESSION OF E-CADHERIN IN ORAL PSEUDOEPITHELIOMATOUS HYPERPLASIA AND ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
Ayesha Mukhtar Awan, Iram Naz, Muhammad Khurram Mahmood, Hafeez Uddin
Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences.2020; 17(3): 70. CrossRef
EXPRESSION OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-9 IN ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA AND ORAL PSEUDOEPITHELIOMATOUS HYPERPLASIA
Ayesha Mukhtar Awan, Iram Naz, Muhammad Khurram Mahmood, Hafeez Uddin
Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences.2020; 18(01): 24. CrossRef
An update of knowledge on cortactin as a metastatic driver and potential therapeutic target in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Pablo Ramos‐García, Miguel Ángel González‐Moles, Lucía González‐Ruiz, Ángela Ayén, Isabel Ruiz‐Ávila, Francisco José Navarro‐Triviño, José Antonio Gil‐Montoya
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Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of CTTN/cortactin alterations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Pablo Ramos‐García, Miguel Ángel González‐Moles, Ángela Ayén, Lucía González‐Ruiz, Isabel Ruiz‐Ávila, José Antonio Gil‐Montoya
Head & Neck.2019; 41(6): 1963. CrossRef
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Shuang‑Yan Lin, Yan‑Bo Lv, Gen‑Xiang Mao, Xu‑Jiao Chen, Fang Peng
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Bhairavi N. Vajaria, Prabhudas S. Patel
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Seong Uk Jeh, Jung Je Park, Jong Sil Lee, Dong Chul Kim, Jungmo Do, Sin Woo Lee, See Min Choi, Jae Seog Hyun, Deok Ha Seo, Chunwoo Lee, Sung Chul Kam, Ky Hyun Chung, Jeong Seok Hwa
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Cortactin promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation by activating the EGFR-MAPK pathway
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Oncotarget.2017; 8(1): 1541. CrossRef
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SHUANG-YAN LIN, FANG PENG
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Expression of Human Papillomavirus-Related Proteins and Its Clinical Implication in Tonsillar Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Joon Seon Song, Min-Sik Kim, Joon Wook Park, Youn Soo Lee, Chang Suk Kang; Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(2):177-186. Published online April 25, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.2.177

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Abstract PDF

Background

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is known to cause of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC). HPV positive SqCCs overexpress p16 and are associated with better survival. Several markers of cell cycles and apoptosis have been reported as a prognostic value. We examined the prognostic value of HPV status, p16, cyclin D1, and Bcl-2 in patients with tonsillar SqCC.

Methods

Tissue microarrays were constructed in 56 cases of tonsillar SqCC for which we performed an immunohistochemistry and an in situ hybridization (ISH) of the HPV.

Results

Of the 56 cases, 31 (55.3%) were positive for p16 and 20 (35.7%) were positive for HPV ISH. The expressions of p16, cyclin D1, and Bcl-2 were not correlated with the clinicopathologic variables including smoking status, differentiation and pT- and pN-stages. The HPV ISH positive group showed a better overall survival than the HPV negative group (p=0.04), and the p16 positive group showed a better disease free survival (DFS) than the negative group (p=0.016). Cox regression analysis showed that only p16 positivity was an independent prognostic factor for DFS (p=0.03; hazard ratio, 10.1).

Conclusions

Our results indicate that both p16 expression and HPV status are useful indicators for risk stratification in patients with tonsillar SqCC.

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Hyun Woong Jun, Yong Bae Ji, Chang Myeon Song, Jae Kyung Myung, Hae Jin Park, Kyung Tae
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Negative Prognostic Implication of TERT Promoter Mutations in Human Papillomavirus–Negative Tonsillar Squamous Cell Carcinoma Under the New 8th AJCC Staging System
Hyunchul Kim, Mi Jung Kwon, Bumjung Park, Hyo Geun Choi, Eun Sook Nam, Seong Jin Cho, Kyueng-Whan Min, Eun Soo Kim, Hee Sung Hwang, Mineui Hong, Taeryool Koo, Hyo Jung Kim
Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology.2021; 12(S1): 134. CrossRef
In situ hybridization for high risk HPV E6/E7 mRNA in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Krish Suresh, Parth V. Shah, Sydney Coates, Borislav A. Alexiev, Sandeep Samant
American Journal of Otolaryngology.2021; 42(1): 102782. CrossRef
Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus and its genotype distribution in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
Yuil Kim, Young-Hoon Joo, Min-Sik Kim, Youn Soo Lee
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2020; 54(5): 411. CrossRef
Human Papillomavirus Testing in Head and Neck Carcinomas: Guideline From the College of American Pathologists
James S. Lewis, Beth Beadle, Justin A. Bishop, Rebecca D. Chernock, Carol Colasacco, Christina Lacchetti, Joel Todd Moncur, James W. Rocco, Mary R. Schwartz, Raja R. Seethala, Nicole E. Thomas, William H. Westra, William C. Faquin
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine.2018; 142(5): 559. CrossRef
Detection of HPV infection in head and neck cancers: Promise and pitfalls in the last ten years: A meta-analysis
Carolin G�tz, Clara Bischof, Klaus-Dietrich Wolff, Andreas Kolk
Molecular and Clinical Oncology.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Frequent hepatocyte growth factor overexpression and low frequency of c-Met gene amplification in human papillomavirus–negative tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma and their prognostic significances
Mi Jung Kwon, Dong Hoon Kim, Hye-Rim Park, Hyung Sik Shin, Ji Hyun Kwon, Dong Jin Lee, Jin Hwan Kim, Seong Jin Cho, Eun Sook Nam
Human Pathology.2014; 45(7): 1327. CrossRef
Human papillomavirus‐stratified analysis of the prognostic role of miR‐21 in oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Yoon Ho Ko, Hye Sung Won, Der Sheng Sun, Ho Jung An, Eun Kyoung Jeon, Min Sik Kim, Han Hong Lee, Jin Hyoung Kang, Chan Kwon Jung
Pathology International.2014; 64(10): 499. CrossRef
Human Papillomavirus Prevalence and Cell Cycle Related Protein Expression in Tonsillar Squamous Cell Carcinomas of Korean Patients with Clinicopathologic Analysis
Miji Lee, Sung Bae Kim, Sang-wook Lee, Jong-Lyel Roh, Seung-Ho Choi, Soon Yuhl Nam, Sang Yoon Kim, Kyung-Ja Cho
Korean Journal of Pathology.2013; 47(2): 148. CrossRef

Difference of Genome-Wide Copy Number Alterations between High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions and Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Uterine Cervix: Bum Hee Lee, Sangyoung Roh, Yu Im Kim, Ahwon Lee, Su Young Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(2):123-130. Published online April 25, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.2.123

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Abstract PDF

Background

About 10% of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) progress to invasive carcinomas within 2-10 years. By delineating the events that occur in the early stage of the invasion, the pathogenesis of cervical cancer could be better understood. This will also propose the possible methods for inhibiting the tumor invasion and improving the survival of patients.

Methods

We compared the genomic profiles between the HSIL and the invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) using an array comparative genomic hybridization. Using recurrently altered genes, we performed a principal component analysis to see variation of samples in both groups. To find possibly affected pathways by altered genes, we analyzed genomic profiles with the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway database and GOEAST software.

Results

We found 11q12.3 and 2p24.1 regions have recurrent copy number gains in both groups. 16p12-13 and 20q11-13 regions showed an increased copy number only in cases of HSIL. 1q25.3 and 3q23-29 regions showed copy number gains only in cases of SCC. Altered genes in the SCC group were related to the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and the RNA transport. Altered genes in the HSIL group were related to the ubiquitin mediated proteolysis and cell adhesion molecules.

Conclusions

Our results showed not only that gains in 11q12.3 and 2p24.1 were early events occurring in the premalignant lesions and then maintained in cases of SCC but also that gains in 1q25.3 and 3q23-29 were late events occurring after invasion in those of SCC.

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Cytokeratin and protein expression patterns in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity provide evidence for two distinct pathogenetic pathways
GESCHE FROHWITTER, HORST BUERGER, PAUL J. VAN DIEST, EBERHARD KORSCHING, JOHANNES KLEINHEINZ, THOMAS FILLIES
Oncology Letters.2016; 12(1): 107. CrossRef
'Drawing' a Molecular Portrait of CIN and Cervical Cancer: a Review of Genome-Wide Molecular Profiling Data
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Copy Number Alterations of BCAS1 in Squamous Cell Carcinomas.: Yu Im Kim, Ahwon Lee, Jennifer Kim, Bum Hee Lee, Sung Hak Lee, Suk Woo Nam, Sug Hyung Lee, Won Sang Park, Nam Jin Yoo, Jung Young Lee, Sang Ho Kim, Su Young Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(3):271-275.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.3.271

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Breast carcinoma amplified sequence 1 (BCAS1), located in 20q13, is amplified and overexpressed in breast cancers. Even though BCAS1 is expected to be an oncogene candidate, its contribution to tumorigenesis and copy number status in other malignancies is not reported. To elucidate the role of BCAS1 in squamous cell carcinomas, we investigated the copy number status and expression level of BCAS1 in several squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, normal keratinocytes and primary tumors.
METHODS
We quantitated BCAS1 gene by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Expression level of BCAS1 was measured by real-time reverse transcription-PCR and immunoblot.
RESULTS
Seven (88%) of 8 squamous cell carcinoma cell lines showed copy number gain of BCAS1 with various degrees. BCAS1 gene in primary tumors (73%) also showed copy number gain. However, expression level did not show a linear correlation with copy number changes.
CONCLUSIONS
We identified copy number gain of BCAS1 in squamous cell carcinomas. Due to lack of linear correlation between copy numbers of BCAS1 and its expression level, we could not confirm that the overexpression of BCAS1 is a common finding in squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. However, this study shows that the copy number gain of BCAS1 is a common finding in squamous cell carcinomas.

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Electrochemical Approaches for Preparation of Tailor-Made Amino Acids
Nana Wang, Jingcheng Xu, Haibo Mei, Hiroki Moriwaki, Kunisuke Izawa, Vadim A. Soloshonok, Jianlin Han
Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry.2021; 41(8): 3034. CrossRef

Case Report

Sarcomatoid Carcinoma of the Gallbladder with Pure Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Brief Case Report.: Seungkoo Lee, Song Yi Kim, Seong Kweon Hong; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(2):209-211.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.2.209

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Abstract PDF

We report here on a rare case of sarcomatoid carcinoma that contained an epithelial component of squamous cell carcinoma. A 77-year-old woman was found to have a gallbladder mass. The gallbladder showed a diffuse infiltrative wall mass with a polypoid lesion, and the mass measured 8x7x3 cm. There were no gallstones. Histologically, the tumor was composed of two components of squamous cell carcinoma and spindle cell malignancy. The tumor extended to the perimuscular connective tissue and one regional lymph node. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was well without tumor recurrence at one and a half months after surgery.

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Carcinosarcoma of gallbladder: A world review
Thomas Zheng Jie Teng, Branden Qi Yu Chua, Vishal G Shelat
World Journal of Clinical Oncology.2021; 12(12): 1244. CrossRef

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