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Review Article
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Solitary fibrous tumor: an updated review
Joon Hyuk Choi
J Pathol Transl Med. 2026;60(1):20-46.   Published online December 29, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2025.10.08
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a fibroblastic neoplasm characterized by a branching, thin-walled dilated staghorn-shaped (hemangiopericytoma-like) vasculature and a NAB2::STAT6 gene fusion. SFTs can occur in almost any anatomical location, including superficial and deep soft tissues, visceral organs, and bone. They most commonly occur in extrapleural locations, equally affect both sexes, and are typically present in adults. Although metastasis is rare, SFTs frequently show local recurrence. The diagnosis of SFTs is difficult because of their broad histological and morphological overlap with other neoplasms. An accurate diagnosis is important for guiding disease management and prognosis. Despite advances in molecular diagnostics and therapeutic strategies, the biological complexity and unpredictable clinical behavior of SFTs present significant challenges. This review provides an updated overview of SFT, with a focus on its molecular genetics, histopathological features, and diagnostic considerations.
Original Article
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Categorizing high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma into clinically relevant subgroups using deep learning–based histomic clusters
Byungsoo Ahn, Eunhyang Park
J Pathol Transl Med. 2025;59(2):91-104.   Published online February 18, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.10.23
  • 5,031 View
  • 248 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) exhibits significant heterogeneity, posing challenges for effective clinical categorization. Understanding the histomorphological diversity within HGSC could lead to improved prognostic stratification and personalized treatment approaches. Methods: We applied the Histomic Atlases of Variation Of Cancers model to whole slide images from The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset for ovarian cancer. Histologically distinct tumor clones were grouped into common histomic clusters. Principal component analysis and K-means clustering classified HGSC samples into three groups: highly differentiated (HD), intermediately differentiated (ID), and lowly differentiated (LD). Results: HD tumors showed diverse patterns, lower densities, and stronger eosin staining. ID tumors had intermediate densities and balanced staining, while LD tumors were dense, patternless, and strongly hematoxylin-stained. RNA sequencing revealed distinct patterns in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and energy metabolism, with upregulation in the HD, downregulation in the LD, and the ID positioned in between. Survival analysis showed significantly lower overall survival for the LD compared to the HD and ID, underscoring the critical role of mitochondrial dynamics and energy metabolism in HGSC progression. Conclusions: Deep learning-based histologic analysis effectively stratifies HGSC into clinically relevant prognostic groups, highlighting the role of mitochondrial dynamics and energy metabolism in disease progression. This method offers a novel approach to HGSC categorization.

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  • Learning Disabilities in the 21st Century: Integrating Neuroscience, Education, and Technology for Better Outcomes
    Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq, Ahmad H. Alhowail, Syed Imam Rabbani, Naira Nayeem, Syed Mohammed Emaduddin Asdaq, Faiqa Nausheen
    SAGE Open.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Case Study
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Primary renal BCOR::CCNB3 sarcoma in a female patient: case report
Somang Lee, Binnari Kim
J Pathol Transl Med. 2025;59(1):84-90.   Published online January 15, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.09.30
  • 4,766 View
  • 173 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDF
BCOR-rearranged sarcoma was classified by the World Health Organization in 2020 as a new subgroup of undifferentiated small round-cell sarcoma. It is known to occur very rarely in the kidney. This report presents the first case of a primary renal BCOR::CCNB3 sarcoma in a 22-year-old woman. An 8-cm cystic mass was identified in the left kidney by abdominal pelvic computed tomography. Histopathologic examination revealed the mass to be composed of small round to oval or spindle cells with fibrous septa and a delicate vascular network. A BCOR::CCNB3 fusion was detected by next-generation sequencing–based molecular testing. BCOR::CCNB3 sarcoma presents diagnostic difficulties, highlighting the importance of recognizing its histological features. Immunohistochemical markers are helpful for diagnosis, but genetic molecular testing is necessary for accurate diagnosis. These tumors have a very poor and aggressive prognosis, and an optimal therapeutic regimen has not yet been defined. Therefore, further studies are needed.

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  • Update on the management of BCOR::CCNB3 sarcoma
    Jungo Imanishi, Kenji Sato, Yoshinao Kikuchi, Asako Yamamoto, Shiori Watabe, Taisuke Matsuyama, Chiaki Sato, Hiroshi Kobayashi, Hirotaka Kawano
    Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology.2025; 55(10): 1097.     CrossRef
Original Articles
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Diagnosis of invasive encapsulated follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma by protein-based machine learning
Truong Phan-Xuan Nguyen, Minh-Khang Le, Sittiruk Roytrakul, Shanop Shuangshoti, Nakarin Kitkumthorn, Somboon Keelawat
J Pathol Transl Med. 2025;59(1):39-49.   Published online October 24, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.09.14
  • 4,150 View
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  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
Although the criteria for follicular-pattern thyroid tumors are well-established, diagnosing these lesions remains challenging in some cases. In the recent World Health Organization Classification of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors (5th edition), the invasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma was reclassified as its own entity. It is crucial to differentiate this variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma from low-risk follicular pattern tumors due to their shared morphological characteristics. Proteomics holds significant promise for detecting and quantifying protein biomarkers. We investigated the potential value of a protein biomarker panel defined by machine learning for identifying the invasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma, initially using formalin- fixed paraffin-embedded samples.
Methods
We developed a supervised machine-learning model and tested its performance using proteomics data from 46 thyroid tissue samples.
Results
We applied a random forest classifier utilizing five protein biomarkers (ZEB1, NUP98, C2C2L, NPAP1, and KCNJ3). This classifier achieved areas under the curve (AUCs) of 1.00 and accuracy rates of 1.00 in training samples for distinguishing the invasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma from non-malignant samples. Additionally, we analyzed the performance of single-protein/gene receiver operating characteristic in differentiating the invasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma from others within The Cancer Genome Atlas projects, which yielded an AUC >0.5.
Conclusions
We demonstrated that integration of high-throughput proteomics with machine learning can effectively differentiate the invasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma from other follicular pattern thyroid tumors.

Citations

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  • Misdiagnosed follicular adenoma with 11 year postoperative liver and lung metastases a case report and literature review
    Kai-Li Yang, Heng-Tong Han, Shou-Hua Li, Xiao-Xiao Li, Ze Yang, Li-Bin Ma, Yong-Xun Zhao
    Discover Oncology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Revisiting the utility of identifying nuclear grooves as unique nuclear changes by an object detector model
Pedro R. F. Rende, Joel Machado Pires, Kátia Sakimi Nakadaira, Sara Lopes, João Vale, Fabio Hecht, Fabyan E. L. Beltrão, Gabriel J. R. Machado, Edna T. Kimura, Catarina Eloy, Helton E. Ramos
J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(3):117-126.   Published online April 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.03.07
  • 4,743 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Among other structures, nuclear grooves are vastly found in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Considering that the application of artificial intelligence in thyroid cytology has potential for diagnostic routine, our goal was to develop a new supervised convolutional neural network capable of identifying nuclear grooves in Diff-Quik stained whole-slide images (WSI) obtained from thyroid fineneedle aspiration.
Methods
We selected 22 Diff-Quik stained cytological slides with cytological diagnosis of PTC and concordant histological diagnosis. Each of the slides was scanned, forming a WSI. Images that contained the region of interest were obtained, followed by pre-formatting, annotation of the nuclear grooves and data augmentation techniques. The final dataset was divided into training and validation groups in a 7:3 ratio.
Results
This is the first artificial intelligence model based on object detection applied to nuclear structures in thyroid cytopathology. A total of 7,255 images were obtained from 22 WSI, totaling 7,242 annotated nuclear grooves. The best model was obtained after it was submitted 15 times with the train dataset (14th epoch), with 67% true positives, 49.8% for sensitivity and 43.1% for predictive positive value.
Conclusions
The model was able to develop a structure predictor rule, indicating that the application of an artificial intelligence model based on object detection in the identification of nuclear grooves is feasible. Associated with a reduction in interobserver variability and in time per slide, this demonstrates that nuclear evaluation constitutes one of the possibilities for refining the diagnosis through computational models.
Case Study
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EWSR1 rearranged primary renal myoepithelial carcinoma: a diagnostic conundrum
Nilay Nishith, Zachariah Chowdhury
J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(5):284-288.   Published online September 15, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.08.08
  • 4,153 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Primary renal myoepithelial carcinoma is an exceedingly rare neoplasm with an aggressive phenotype and Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 (EWSR1) rearrangement in a small fraction of cases. In addition to its rarity, the diagnosis can be challenging for the pathologist due to morphologic heterogeneity, particularly on the biopsy specimen. At times, immunohistochemistry may be indecisive; therefore, molecular studies should be undertaken for clinching the diagnosis. We aim to illustrate a case of primary myoepithelial carcinoma of the kidney with EWSR1-rearrangement in a 67-year-old male patient who presented with right supraclavicular mass, which was clinically diagnosed as carcinoma of an unknown primary. An elaborate immunohistochemical work-up aided by fluorescent in-situ hybridization allowed us to reach a conclusive diagnosis. This unusual case report advocates that one should be aware of the histological mimickers and begin with broad differential diagnoses alongside sporadic ones and then narrow them down with appropriate ancillary studies.

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  • Primary Ewing Sarcoma of the Kidney
    João Lobo, Huiying He, Raheel Ahmed, Bassel Zein-Sabatto, Thomas Winokur, Shi Wei, Shuko Harada, Jesse K. McKenney, Jonathan L. Myles, Jane K. Nguyen, Christopher G. Przybycin, Sean R. Williamson, Cristina Magi-Galluzzi, Reza Alaghehbandan
    American Journal of Surgical Pathology.2025; 49(10): 1078.     CrossRef
Original Article
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Loss of aquaporin-1 expression is associated with worse clinical outcomes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: an immunohistochemical study
Seokhyeon Lee, Bohyun Kim, Minsun Jung, Kyung Chul Moon
J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(4):232-237.   Published online July 11, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.06.17
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Aquaporin (AQP) expression has been investigated in various malignant neoplasms, and the overexpression of AQP is related to poor prognosis in some malignancies. However, the expression of AQP protein in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has not been extensively investigated by immunohistochemistry with large sample size.
Methods
We evaluated the AQP expression in 827 ccRCC with immunohistochemical staining in tissue microarray blocks and classified the cases into two categories, high and low expression.
Results
High expression of aquaporin-1 (AQP1) was found in 320 cases (38.7%), but aquaporin-3 was not expressed in ccRCC. High AQP1 expression was significantly related to younger age, low TNM stage, low World Health Organization/International Society of Urologic Pathology nuclear grade, and absence of distant metastasis. Furthermore, high AQP1 expression was also significantly associated with longer overall survival (OS; p<.001) and progression-specific survival (PFS; p<.001) and was an independent predictor of OS and PFS in ccRCC.
Conclusions
Our study revealed the prognostic significance of AQP1 protein expression in ccRCC. These findings could be applied to predict the prognosis of ccRCC.

Citations

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  • Loss of Aquaporin-1 in Tumor Cells Fosters Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Progression
    César I. Gaspari, Carine Beaupere, Seth Richard, Estanislao Peixoto, Bouchra Lekbaby, Mirko Minini, Branko Dubravcic, Javier Vaquero, Marie Vallette, Ander Arbelaiz, Marion Janona, Corentin Louis, Pauline Le Gall, Cédric Coulouarn, Julieta Marrone, Juan E
    The American Journal of Pathology.2026; 196(2): 428.     CrossRef
  • Construction and validation of renal cell carcinoma tumor cell differentiation-related prognostic classification (RCC-TCDC): an integrated bioinformatic analysis and clinical study
    Yifan Liu, Keqin Dong, Yuntao Yao, Bingnan Lu, Lei Wang, Guo Ji, Haoyu Zhang, Zihui Zhao, Xinyue Yang, Runzhi Huang, Wang Zhou, Xiuwu Pan, Xingang Cui
    Annals of Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prognostic Assessment of Aquaporins in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: An In Silico Analysis
    Vignesh Krishnasamy, Lalhmingliana, Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar
    Current Biotechnology.2025; 14(2): 130.     CrossRef
  • Targeting PLOD2 induces epithelioid differentiation and improves therapeutic response in sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma
    Xiangyu Chen, Dongkui Xu, Yu Ji, Xichen Dong, Xiaomei Dong, Zihan Li, Jingyu Tan, Qianqian Sun, Huixian Xin, Ziwei Liu, Qing Deng, Tao Wen, Yanjun Jia, Xuhui Zhu, Jian Liu
    Journal of Advanced Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Serum Exosomal MiR-874 as a Potential Biomarker for Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis
    Amal F. Gharib, Saad S. Al-Shehri, Abdulraheem Almalki, Ayman Alhazmi, Mamdouh Allahyani, Ahmed Alghamdi, Amani A. Alrehaili, Maha M. Bakhuraysah, Althobaiti Naif Saad M., Weal H. Elsawy
    Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
Review
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Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features: its updated diagnostic criteria, preoperative cytologic diagnoses and impact on the risk of malignancy
Hee Young Na, So Yeon Park
J Pathol Transl Med. 2022;56(6):319-325.   Published online November 9, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.09.29
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Due to the extremely indolent behavior, a subset of noninvasive encapsulated follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinomas has been classified as “noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP)” since 2016 and is no longer considered carcinoma. Since the introduction of this new terminology, changes and refinements have been made in diagnostic criteria. Initially, the incidence of NIFTP was estimated substantial. However, the reported incidence of NIFTP varies greatly among studies and regions, with higher incidence in North American and European countries than in Asian countries. Thus, the changes in the risk of malignancy (ROM) in the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) differ inevitably among regions. Because more conservative surgery is recommended for NIFTPs, distinguishing NIFTPs from papillary thyroid carcinomas in preoperative fine-needle aspiration cytology became one of the major concerns. This review will provide comprehensive overview of updates on diagnostic criteria, actual incidence and preoperative cytologic diagnoses of NIFTP, and its impact on the ROM in TBSRTC.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Diagnosis of invasive encapsulated follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma by protein-based machine learning
    Truong Phan-Xuan Nguyen, Minh-Khang Le, Sittiruk Roytrakul, Shanop Shuangshoti, Nakarin Kitkumthorn, Somboon Keelawat
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2025; 59(1): 39.     CrossRef
  • Papillae, psammoma bodies, and/or many nuclear pseudoinclusions are helpful criteria but should not be required for a definitive cytologic diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma: An institutional experience of 207 cases with surgical follow up
    Tarik M. Elsheikh, Matthew Thomas, Jennifer Brainard, Jessica Di Marco, Erica Manosky, Bridgette Springer, Dawn Underwood, Deborah J. Chute
    Cancer Cytopathology.2024; 132(6): 348.     CrossRef
  • ThyroSeq overview on indeterminate thyroid nodules: An institutional experience
    Sam Sirotnikov, Christopher C. Griffith, Daniel Lubin, Chao Zhang, Nabil F. Saba, Dehong Li, Amanda Kornfield, Amy Chen, Qiuying Shi
    Diagnostic Cytopathology.2024; 52(7): 353.     CrossRef
  • Oncocytic Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-Like Nuclear Features: A Case Report
    Kaveripakam Ajay Joseph, Sana Ahuja, Sufian Zaheer
    Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology.2024; 15(S4): 606.     CrossRef
  • Cytologic hallmarks and differential diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma subtypes
    Agnes Stephanie Harahap, Chan Kwon Jung
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2024; 58(6): 265.     CrossRef
  • Preoperative evaluation of thyroid nodules – Diagnosis and management strategies
    Tapoi Dana Antonia, Lambrescu Ioana Maria, Gheorghisan-Galateanu Ancuta-Augustina
    Pathology - Research and Practice.2023; 246: 154516.     CrossRef
  • Reevaluating diagnostic categories and associated malignancy risks in thyroid core needle biopsy
    Chan Kwon Jung
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2023; 57(4): 208.     CrossRef
  • Strategies for Treatment of Thyroid Cancer
    Deepika Yadav, Pramod Kumar Sharma, Rishabha Malviya, Prem Shankar Mishra
    Current Drug Targets.2023; 24(5): 406.     CrossRef
  • Identification of NIFTP-Specific mRNA Markers for Reliable Molecular Diagnosis of Thyroid Tumors
    So-Yeon Lee, Jong-Lyul Park, Kwangsoon Kim, Ja Seong Bae, Jae-Yoon Kim, Seon-Young Kim, Chan Kwon Jung
    Endocrine Pathology.2023; 34(3): 311.     CrossRef
Original Articles
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Diagnostic distribution and pitfalls of glandular abnormalities in cervical cytology: a 25-year single-center study
Jung-A Sung, Ilias P. Nikas, Haeryoung Kim, Han Suk Ryu, Cheol Lee
J Pathol Transl Med. 2022;56(6):354-360.   Published online November 9, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.09.05
  • 8,276 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Detection of glandular abnormalities in Papanicolaou (Pap) tests is challenging. This study aimed to review our institute’s experience interpreting such abnormalities, assess cytohistologic concordance, and identify cytomorphologic features associated with malignancy in follow-up histology.
Methods
Patients with cytologically-detected glandular lesions identified in our pathology records from 1995 to 2020 were included in this study.
Results
Of the 683,197 Pap tests performed, 985 (0.144%) exhibited glandular abnormalities, 657 of which had tissue follow-up available. One hundred eighty-eight cases were cytologically interpreted as adenocarcinoma and histologically diagnosed as malignant tumors of various origins. There were 213 cases reported as atypical glandular cells (AGC) and nine cases as adenocarcinoma in cytology, yet they were found to be benign in follow-up histology. In addition, 48 cases diagnosed with AGC and six with adenocarcinoma cytology were found to have cervical squamous lesions in follow-up histology, including four squamous cell carcinomas. Among the cytomorphological features examined, nuclear membrane irregularity, three-dimensional clusters, single-cell pattern, and presence of mitoses were associated with malignant histology in follow-up.
Conclusions
This study showed our institute’s experience detecting glandular abnormalities in cervical cytology over a 25-year period, revealing the difficulty of this task. Nonetheless, the present study indicates that several cytological findings such as membrane irregularity, three-dimensional clusters, single-cell pattern, and evidence of proliferation could help distinguishing malignancy from a benign lesion.

Citations

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  • “Atypical Glandular Cells” on Cervical Cytology: Correlation Between Glandular Cell Component Volume and Histological Follow‐Up
    Havva Gokce Terzioglu, Alessa Aragao, Julieta E. Barroeta
    Diagnostic Cytopathology.2026; 54(2): 71.     CrossRef
  • Expertise in Gynecological Pathology Impacts Diagnosis of Atypical Glandular Cell Category in Cervical Cytology
    Havva Gökce Terzioglu, Alessa Aragao, Julieta E. Barroeta
    Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease.2025; 29(4): 297.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of atypical glandular cells in ThinPrep Pap smear and follow-up histopathology
    Tengfei Wang, Yinan Hua, Lina Liu, Bing Leng
    Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings.2024; 37(3): 403.     CrossRef
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Cytopathologic features of human papillomavirus–independent, gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma
Min-Kyung Yeo, Go Eun Bae, Dong-Hyun Kim, In-Ock Seong, Kwang-Sun Suh
J Pathol Transl Med. 2022;56(5):260-269.   Published online September 13, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.07.05
  • 6,009 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma (GEA) is unrelated to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and is clinically aggressive compared with HPV-associated usual-type endocervical adenocarcinoma (UEA). The cytological diagnosis falls short of a definitive diagnosis of GEA and is often categorized as atypical glandular cells (AGCs). To improve cytologic recognition, cytological findings of HPV-independent GEA were analyzed and the results compared with HPV-associated UEA.
Methods
Cervical Papanicolaou (Pap) smears from eight patients with a histopathologic diagnosis of GEA and 12 control cases of UEA were reviewed. All slides were conventionally prepared and/or liquid-based prepared (ThinPrep) and stained following the Pap method. A mucinous background, architectural, nuclear, and cytoplasmic features were analyzed and compared with UEA.
Results
Preoperative cytologic diagnoses of the eight GEA cases were AGCs, favor neoplastic in three cases, adenocarcinoma in situ in one case, and adenocarcinoma in four cases. Cytologically, monolayered honeycomb-like sheets (p = .002) of atypical endocervical cells with vacuolar granular cytoplasm (p = .001) were extensive in GEA, and three-dimensional clusters (p = .010) were extensive in UEA. Although the differences were not statistically significant, background mucin (p = .058), vesicular nuclei (p = .057), and golden-brown intracytoplasmic mucin (p = .089) were also discriminatory findings for GEA versus UEA.
Conclusions
Although GEA is difficult to diagnose on cytologic screening, GEA can be recognized based on cytologic features of monolayered honeycomb sheets of atypical endocervical cells with abundant vacuolar cytoplasm and some golden-brown intracytoplasmic mucin. UEA cases are characterized by three-dimensional clusters.

Citations

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  • A Comparative Analysis of Usual- and Gastric-Type Cervical Adenocarcinoma in a Japanese Population Reveals Distinct Clinicopathological and Molecular Features with Prognostic and Therapeutic Insights
    Umme Farzana Zahan, Hasibul Islam Sohel, Kentaro Nakayama, Masako Ishikawa, Mamiko Nagase, Sultana Razia, Kosuke Kanno, Hitomi Yamashita, Shahataj Begum Sonia, Satoru Kyo
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(15): 7469.     CrossRef
  • Diagnostic value of cytology in detecting human papillomavirus–independent cervical malignancies: a nation-wide study in Korea
    Hye-Ra Jung, Junyoung Shin, Chong Woo Yoo, Eun Na Kim, Cheol Lee, Kyeongmin Kim, Ho-chang Lee, Yonghee Lee, Ji Hye Kim, Soo Jin Jung, Yumin Chung, Joo Yeon Kim, Hye Eun Park, Tae Hoen Kim, Wonae Lee, Min-Sun Cho, Ran Hong, Yoon Jung Choi, Younghee Choi, Y
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2025; 59(6): 444.     CrossRef
  • Risk Factors Affecting Clinical Outcomes of Low-risk Early-stage Human Papillomavirus–Associated Endocervical Adenocarcinoma Treated by Surgery Alone: Application of Silva Pattern
    Bong Kyung Bae, Hyunsik Bae, Won Kyung Cho, Byoung-Gie Kim, Chel Hun Choi, Tae-Joong Kim, Yoo-Young Lee, Jeong-Won Lee, Hyun-Soo Kim, Won Park
    International Journal of Gynecological Pathology.2024; 43(5): 447.     CrossRef
  • Tall‐columnar glandular cells in SurePath™ liquid‐based cytology Pap sample: Learning from mimics/pitfalls
    Nalini Gupta, Vanita Jain, Radhika Srinivasan, Tulika Singh
    Cytopathology.2024; 35(4): 510.     CrossRef
Article image
Deep learning for computer-assisted diagnosis of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer
Sean A. Rasmussen, Thomas Arnason, Weei-Yuarn Huang
J Pathol Transl Med. 2021;55(2):118-124.   Published online January 22, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2020.12.22
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Patients with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer often undergo prophylactic gastrectomy to minimize cancer risk. Because intramucosal poorly cohesive carcinomas in this setting are typically not grossly visible, many pathologists assess the entire gastrectomy specimen microscopically. With 150 or more slides per case, this is a major time burden for pathologists. This study utilizes deep learning methods to analyze digitized slides and detect regions of carcinoma.
Methods
Prophylactic gastrectomy specimens from seven patients with germline CDH1 mutations were analyzed (five for training/validation and two for testing, with a total of 133 tumor foci). All hematoxylin and eosin slides containing cancer foci were digitally scanned, and patches of size 256×256 pixels were randomly extracted from regions of cancer as well as from regions of normal background tissue, resulting in 15,851 images for training/validation and 970 images for testing. A model with DenseNet-169 architecture was trained for 150 epochs, then evaluated on images from the test set. External validation was conducted on 814 images scanned at an outside institution.
Results
On individual patches, the trained model achieved a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9986. This enabled it to maintain a sensitivity of 90% with a false-positive rate of less than 0.1%. On the external validation dataset, the model achieved a similar ROC AUC of 0.9984. On whole slide images, the network detected 100% of tumor foci and correctly eliminated an average of 99.9% of the non-cancer slide area from consideration.
Conclusions
Overall, our model shows encouraging progress towards computer-assisted diagnosis of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer.

Citations

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  • Now and future of artificial intelligence-based signet ring cell diagnosis: A survey
    Zhu Meng, Junhao Dong, Limei Guo, Fei Su, Jiaxuan Liu, Guangxi Wang, Zhicheng Zhao
    Expert Systems with Applications.2026; 296: 129188.     CrossRef
  • Development and application of deep learning-based diagnostics for pathologic diagnosis of gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection specimens
    Soomin Ahn, Yiyu Hong, Sujin Park, Yunjoo Cho, Inwoo Hwang, Ji Min Na, Hyuk Lee, Byung-Hoon Min, Jun Haeng Lee, Jae J. Kim, Kyoung-Mee Kim
    Gastric Cancer.2025; 28(4): 609.     CrossRef
  • A Comprehensive Literature Review of the CDH1 Mutation and Its Role in Gastric Cancer
    Malik Samardali, Jehad Samardaly, Ibrahim Shanti
    Cureus.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Deep learning for multiclass tumor cell detection in histopathology slides of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer
    Robin Lomans, Valentina Angerilli, Joey Spronck, Liudmila L. Kodach, Irene Gullo, Fátima Carneiro, Rachel S. van der Post, Francesco Ciompi
    iScience.2025; 28(8): 113064.     CrossRef
  • Non-endoscopic Applications of Machine Learning in Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review
    Marianne Linley L. Sy-Janairo, Jose Isagani B. Janairo
    Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer.2024; 55(1): 47.     CrossRef
  • Artificial intelligence applicated in gastric cancer: A bibliometric and visual analysis via CiteSpace
    Guoyang Zhang, Jingjing Song, Zongfeng Feng, Wentao Zhao, Pan Huang, Li Liu, Yang Zhang, Xufeng Su, Yukang Wu, Yi Cao, Zhengrong Li, Zhigang Jie
    Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Deep learning of endoscopic features for the assessment of neoadjuvant therapy response in locally advanced rectal cancer
    Anqi Wang, Jieli Zhou, Gang Wang, Beibei Zhang, Hongyi Xin, Haiyang Zhou
    Asian Journal of Surgery.2023; 46(9): 3568.     CrossRef
  • Preparing Data for Artificial Intelligence in Pathology with Clinical-Grade Performance
    Yuanqing Yang, Kai Sun, Yanhua Gao, Kuansong Wang, Gang Yu
    Diagnostics.2023; 13(19): 3115.     CrossRef
  • Using Deep Learning to Predict Final HER2 Status in Invasive Breast Cancers That are Equivocal (2+) by Immunohistochemistry
    Sean A. Rasmussen, Valerie J. Taylor, Alexi P. Surette, Penny J. Barnes, Gillian C. Bethune
    Applied Immunohistochemistry & Molecular Morphology.2022; 30(10): 668.     CrossRef
Article image
A machine-learning expert-supporting system for diagnosis prediction of lymphoid neoplasms using a probabilistic decision-tree algorithm and immunohistochemistry profile database
Yosep Chong, Ji Young Lee, Yejin Kim, Jingyun Choi, Hwanjo Yu, Gyeongsin Park, Mee Yon Cho, Nishant Thakur
J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(6):462-470.   Published online August 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2020.07.11
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has played an essential role in the diagnosis of hematolymphoid neoplasms. However, IHC interpretations can be challenging in daily practice, and exponentially expanding volumes of IHC data are making the task increasingly difficult. We therefore developed a machine-learning expert-supporting system for diagnosing lymphoid neoplasms.
Methods
A probabilistic decision-tree algorithm based on the Bayesian theorem was used to develop mobile application software for iOS and Android platforms. We tested the software with real data from 602 training and 392 validation cases of lymphoid neoplasms and compared the precision hit rates between the training and validation datasets.
Results
IHC expression data for 150 lymphoid neoplasms and 584 antibodies was gathered. The precision hit rates of 94.7% in the training data and 95.7% in the validation data for lymphomas were not statistically significant. Results in most B-cell lymphomas were excellent, and generally equivalent performance was seen in T-cell lymphomas. The primary reasons for lack of precision were atypical IHC profiles for certain cases (e.g., CD15-negative Hodgkin lymphoma), a lack of disease-specific markers, and overlapping IHC profiles of similar diseases.
Conclusions
Application of the machine-learning algorithm to diagnosis precision produced acceptable hit rates in training and validation datasets. Because of the lack of origin- or disease- specific markers in differential diagnosis, contextual information such as clinical and histological features should be taken into account to make proper use of this system in the pathologic decision-making process.

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Review
Article image
Introduction to digital pathology and computer-aided pathology
Soojeong Nam, Yosep Chong, Chan Kwon Jung, Tae-Yeong Kwak, Ji Youl Lee, Jihwan Park, Mi Jung Rho, Heounjeong Go
J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(2):125-134.   Published online February 13, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2019.12.31
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Digital pathology (DP) is no longer an unfamiliar term for pathologists, but it is still difficult for many pathologists to understand the engineering and mathematics concepts involved in DP. Computer-aided pathology (CAP) aids pathologists in diagnosis. However, some consider CAP a threat to the existence of pathologists and are skeptical of its clinical utility. Implementation of DP is very burdensome for pathologists because technical factors, impact on workflow, and information technology infrastructure must be considered. In this paper, various terms related to DP and computer-aided pathologic diagnosis are defined, current applications of DP are discussed, and various issues related to implementation of DP are outlined. The development of computer-aided pathologic diagnostic tools and their limitations are also discussed.

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Original Articles
Article image
Comparison of papanicolaou smear and human papillomavirus (HPV) test as cervical screening tools: can we rely on HPV test alone as a screening method? An 11-year retrospective experience at a single institution
Myunghee Kang, Seung Yeon Ha, Hyun Yee Cho, Dong Hae Chung, Na Rae Kim, Jungsuk An, Sangho Lee, Jae Yeon Seok, Juhyeon Jeong
J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(1):112-118.   Published online January 15, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2019.11.29
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
The decrease in incidence of cervical dysplasia and carcinoma has not been as dramatic as expected with the development of improved research tools and test methods. The human papillomavirus (HPV) test alone has been suggested for screening in some countries. The National Cancer Screening Project in Korea has applied Papanicolaou smears (Pap smears) as the screening method for cervical dysplasia and carcinoma. We evaluated the value of Pap smear and HPV testing as diagnostic screening tools in a single institution.
Methods
Patients co-tested with HPV test and Pap smear simultaneously or within one month of each other were included in this study. Patients with only punch biopsy results were excluded because of sampling errors. A total of 999 cases were included, and the collected reports encompassed results of smear cytology, HPV subtypes, and histologic examinations.
Results
Sensitivity and specificity of detecting high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were higher for Pap smears than for HPV tests (sensitivity, 97.14%; specificity, 85.58% for Pap smears; sensitivity, 88.32%; specificity, 54.92% for HPV tests). HPV tests and Pap smears did not differ greatly in detection of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (85.35% for HPV test, 80.31% for Pap smears). When atypical glandular cells were noted on Pap smears, the likelihood for histologic diagnosis of adenocarcinoma following Pap smear was higher than that of high-risk HPV test results (18.8 and 1.53, respectively).
Conclusions
Pap smears were more useful than HPV tests in the diagnosis of HSIL, SCC, and glandular lesions.

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Article image
A Multi-institutional Study of Prevalence and Clinicopathologic Features of Non-invasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-like Nuclear Features (NIFTP) in Korea
Ja Yeong Seo, Ji Hyun Park, Ju Yeon Pyo, Yoon Jin Cha, Chan Kwon Jung, Dong Eun Song, Jeong Ja Kwak, So Yeon Park, Hee Young Na, Jang-Hee Kim, Jae Yeon Seok, Hee Sung Kim, Soon Won Hong
J Pathol Transl Med. 2019;53(6):378-385.   Published online October 21, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2019.09.18
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
In the present multi-institutional study, the prevalence and clinicopathologic characteristics of non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) were evaluated among Korean patients who underwent thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).
Methods
Data from 18,819 patients with PTC from eight university hospitals between January 2012 and February 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. Pathology reports of all PTCs and slides of potential NIFTP cases were reviewed. The strict criterion of no papillae was applied for the diagnosis of NIFTP. Due to assumptions regarding misclassification of NIFTP as non-PTC tumors, the lower boundary of NIFTP prevalence among PTCs was estimated. Mutational analysis for BRAF and three RAS isoforms was performed in 27 randomly selected NIFTP cases.
Results
The prevalence of NIFTP was 1.3% (238/18,819) of all PTCs when the same histologic criteria were applied for NIFTP regardless of the tumor size but decreased to 0.8% (152/18,819) when tumors ≥1 cm in size were included. The mean follow-up was 37.7 months and no patient with NIFTP had evidence of lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, or disease recurrence during the follow-up period. A difference in prevalence of NIFTP before and after NIFTP introduction was not observed. BRAFV600E mutation was not found in NIFTP. The mutation rate for the three RAS genes was 55.6% (15/27).
Conclusions
The low prevalence and indolent clinical outcome of NIFTP in Korea was confirmed using the largest number of cases to date. The introduction of NIFTP may have a small overall impact in Korean practice.

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Review
Artificial Intelligence in Pathology
Hye Yoon Chang, Chan Kwon Jung, Junwoo Isaac Woo, Sanghun Lee, Joonyoung Cho, Sun Woo Kim, Tae-Yeong Kwak
J Pathol Transl Med. 2019;53(1):1-12.   Published online December 28, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.12.16
  • 32,537 View
  • 1,285 Download
  • 128 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDF
As in other domains, artificial intelligence is becoming increasingly important in medicine. In particular,deep learning-based pattern recognition methods can advance the field of pathology byincorporating clinical, radiologic, and genomic data to accurately diagnose diseases and predictpatient prognoses. In this review, we present an overview of artificial intelligence, the brief historyof artificial intelligence in the medical domain, recent advances in artificial intelligence applied topathology, and future prospects of pathology driven by artificial intelligence.

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Original Articles
Quilty Lesions in the Endomyocardial Biopsies after Heart Transplantation
Haeyon Cho, Jin-Oh Choi, Eun-Seok Jeon, Jung-Sun Kim
J Pathol Transl Med. 2019;53(1):50-56.   Published online December 26, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.11.30
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of Quilty lesions in endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) of cardiac transplantation patients.
Methods
A total of 1190EMBs from 117 cardiac transplantation patients were evaluated histologically for Quilty lesions,acute cellular rejection, and antibody-mediated rejection. Cardiac allograft vasculopathy wasdiagnosed by computed tomography coronary angiography. Clinical information, including thepatients’ survival was retrieved by a review of medical records.
Results
Eighty-eight patients(75.2%) were diagnosed with Quilty lesions, which were significantly associated with acute cellularrejection, but not with acute cellular rejection ≥ 2R or antibody-mediated rejection. In patientsdiagnosed with both Quilty lesions and acute cellular rejection, the time-to-onset of Quilty lesionsfrom transplantation was longer than that of acute cellular rejections. We found a significant associationbetween Quilty lesions and cardiac allograft vasculopathy. No significant relationship wasfound between Quilty lesions and the patients’ survival.
Conclusions
Quilty lesion may be an indicator of previous acute cellular rejection rather than a predictor for future acute cellular rejection.

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Loss of Nuclear BAP1 Expression Is Associated with High WHO/ISUP Grade in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Young Chan Wi, Ahrim Moon, Min Jung Jung, Yeseul Kim, Seong Sik Bang, Kiseok Jang, Seung Sam Paik, Su-Jin Shin
J Pathol Transl Med. 2018;52(6):378-385.   Published online October 1, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.09.21
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) mutations are frequently reported in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC); however, very few studies have evaluated the role of these mutations in other renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtypes. Therefore, we analyzed BAP1 protein expression using immunohistochemistry in several RCC subtypes and assessed its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics of patients.
Methods
BAP1 expression was immunohistochemically evaluated in tissue microarray blocks constructed from 371 samples of RCC collected from two medical institutions. BAP1 expression was evaluated based on the extent of nuclear staining in tumor cells, and no expression or expression in < 10% of tumor cells was defined as negative.
Results
Loss of BAP1 expression was observed in ccRCC (56/300, 18.7%), chromophobe RCC (6/26, 23.1%), and clear cell papillary RCC (1/4, 25%), while we failed to detect BAP1 expression loss in papillary RCC, acquired cystic disease-associated RCC, or collecting duct carcinoma. In ccRCC, loss of BAP1 expression was significantly associated with high World Health Organization (WHO)/International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade (p = .002); however, no significant correlation was observed between loss of BAP1 expression and survival in ccRCC. Loss of BAP1 expression showed no association with prognostic factors in chromophobe RCC.
Conclusions
Loss of BAP1 nuclear expression was observed in both ccRCC and chromophobe RCC. In addition, BAP1 expression loss was associated with poor prognostic factors such as high WHO/ISUP grade in ccRCC.

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Review
Let Archived Paraffin Blocks Be Utilized for Research with Waiver of Informed Consent
Yong-Jin Kim, Jeong Sik Park, Karam Ko, Chang Rok Jeong
J Pathol Transl Med. 2018;52(3):141-147.   Published online April 5, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.02.07
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Advances in biomedical and genetic research have contributed to more effective public health improvement via bench-to-bed research and the emergence of personalized medicine. This has certainly showcased the importance of archived human tissues, especially paraffin-embedded blocks in pathology. Currently in Korea, undue legislative regulations of the Bioethics and Safety Act suspend and at times discourage studies from taking place. In this paper, the authors underline the value of paraffin blocks in the era of personalized and translational medicine. We discuss detailed clauses regarding the applicability of paraffin blocks from a legal perspective and compare Korea’s regulations with those of other countries. The necessity for allowing waived consent and Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval will be argued throughout. The authors suggest that researchers declare the following to obtain IRB approval and waiver of informed consents: research could not be practically carried out without a waiver of consent; the proposed research presents no more than minimal risk of harm to subjects, and the waiver of consent will not adversely affect the rights and welfare of subjects; and research will not utilize a tissue block if only 1 is available for each subject, to allow future clinical use such as re-evaluation or further studies.

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Original Articles
Cytologic Diagnosis of Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-like Nuclear Features and Its Impact on the Risk of Malignancy in the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology: An Institutional Experience
Milim Kim, Joung Eun Kim, Hyun Jeong Kim, Yul Ri Chung, Yoonjin Kwak, So Yeon Park
J Pathol Transl Med. 2018;52(3):171-178.   Published online April 3, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.04.03
  • 11,463 View
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  • 24 Web of Science
  • 19 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
This study was performed to analyze cytologic diagnosis of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) and its impact on the risk of malignancy (ROM) in the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC).
Methods
Five thousand five hundred and forty-nine cases of thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) diagnosed between 2012 and 2014 were included in this study. Diagnostic categories based on TBSRTC were compared with final surgical diagnoses, and the ROM in each category was calculated both when NIFTP was included in malignant lesions and when excluded from malignant lesions.
Results
Of the 5,549 thyroid FNAC cases, 1,891 cases underwent surgical resection. In final diagnosis, 1,700 cases were revealed as papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and 25 cases were reclassified as NIFTP. The cytologic diagnoses of NIFTP were non-diagnostic in one, benign in five, atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) in 14, follicular neoplasm in two, and suspicious for malignancy in three cases. Collectively, NIFTP/encapsulated follicular variant of PTC (EFVPTC) were more frequently classified as benign, AUS, or follicular neoplasm and less frequently categorized as malignant compared to conventional PTCs. Exclusion of NIFTP from malignant diagnoses resulted in a slight decrease in malignancy rates in non-diagnostic, benign, AUS, follicular neoplasm, and suspicious for malignancy categories without any statistical significance.
Conclusions
The decrease in the ROM was not significant when NIFTP was excluded from malignant lesions. In thyroid FNACs, NIFTP/EFVPTCs were mostly classified into indeterminate categories. Therefore, it might be feasible to separate NIFTP/EFVPTC from conventional PTC on FNAC to guide clinicians to conservative management for patients with NIFTP/EFVPTC.

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Implication of PHF2 Expression in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Cheol Lee, Bohyun Kim, Boram Song, Kyung Chul Moon
J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51(4):359-364.   Published online June 13, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.03.16
  • 9,062 View
  • 167 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • 12 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) is presumed to be associated with adipogenic differentiation. Histone modification is known to be important for adipogenesis, and the function of histone demethylase plant homeodomain finger 2 (PHF2) has been noted. In addition, PHF2 may act as a tumor suppressor via epigenetic regulation of p53 and is reported to be reduced in colon cancer and stomach cancer tissues. In this study, we examined PHF2 expression in CCRCC specimens by immunohistochemistry.
Methods
We studied 254 CCRCCs and 56 non-neoplastic renal tissues from patients who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy between 2000 and 2003 at the Seoul National University Hospital. Tissue microarray blocks were prepared, and immunohistochemical staining for PHF2 was performed.
Results
Among 254 CCRCC cases, 150 cases (59.1%) showed high expression and 104 cases (40.1%) showed low expression. High expression of PHF2 was significantly correlated with a low Fuhrman nuclear grade (p < .001), smaller tumor size (p < .001), low overall stage (p = .003), longer cancer-specific survival (p = .002), and progression-free survival (p < .001) of the patients. However, it was not an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis adjusted for Fuhrman nuclear grade and overall stage.
Conclusions
Our study showed that low expression of PHF2 is associated with aggressiveness and poor prognosis of CCRCC.

Citations

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    Ying Dong, Hao Hu, Xuan Zhang, Yunkai Zhang, Xin Sun, Hanlin Wang, Weijuan Kan, Min-jia Tan, Hong Shi, Yi Zang, Jia Li
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  • HIF-1α-mediated augmentation of miRNA-18b-5p facilitates proliferation and metastasis in osteosarcoma through attenuation PHF2
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  • PHF2 regulates homology-directed DNA repair by controlling the resection of DNA double strand breaks
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    Stella Pappa, Natalia Padilla, Simona Iacobucci, Marta Vicioso, Elena Álvarez de la Campa, Claudia Navarro, Elia Marcos, Xavier de la Cruz, Marian A. Martínez-Balbás
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    Zheng Ge, Yan Gu, Qi Han, Justin Sloane, Qinyu Ge, Goufeng Gao, Jinlong Ma, Huihui Song, Jiaojiao Hu, Baoan Chen, Sinisa Dovat, Chunhua Song
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Morphological Features and Immunohistochemical Expression of p57Kip2 in Early Molar Pregnancies and Their Relations to the Progression to Persistent Trophoblastic Disease
Marwa Khashaba, Mohammad Arafa, Eman Elsalkh, Reda Hemida, Wagiha Kandil
J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51(4):381-387.   Published online June 12, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.04.28
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Although the morphological features characteristic of products of conception specimens including molar pregnancies are well described, substantial histopathological similarities are observed between the different entities, especially in cases of early pregnancies. Furthermore, there are no current solid criteria that could predict cases with progression to persistent gestational trophoblastic disease. In this study, we aimed to determine the most specific histopathological and immunohistochemical features required for accurate diagnosis that can reliably predict the clinical behavior.
Methods
Sixty-five cases of products of conception were reviewed clinically and pathologically, and any progression to persistent gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), if present, was noted. Pathological assessment of the archival material included re-cut sections of 5 μm in thickness, routine staining with hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining of p57Kip2.
Results
Certain histopathological criteria were found to be significant in differentiation between complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) and partial hydatidiform mole including villous shape and outline, villous trophoblast hyperplasia, and atypia in extravillous trophoblasts. There were no significant differences in any morphological or immunohistochemical features between cases with or without subsequent development of GTD.
Conclusions
Histopathological diagnosis of molar pregnancy remains problematic especially in early gestation. Their diagnosis should be stated after a constellation of specific histopathological criteria in order not to miss CHM. p57Kip2 immunohistochemistry is of great value in diagnosis of cases that had equivocal morphology by histopathological examination. However, there were no significant features to predict cases that subsequently developed persistent GTD.

Citations

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  • Molecular Basis of Hydatidiform Moles—A Systematic Review
    Shadha Nasser Mohammed Bahutair, Rajani Dube, Manjunatha Goud Bellary Kuruba, Rasha Aziz Attia Salama, Mohamed Anas Mohamed Faruk Patni, Subhranshu Sekhar Kar, Rakhee Kar
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    Muna Al-Jabri, Suaad Al-Badi, Hunaina Al-Kindi, Mohammad Arafa
    Pathologica.2023; 115(3): 148.     CrossRef
  • Persistent gestational trophoblastic disease following ectopic molar pregnancy
    I.N. Voloshchuk, I.V. Barinova, S.N. Buyanova, S.A. Petrakova, N.A. Shchukina, M.V. Mgeliashvili
    Arkhiv patologii.2021; 83(1): 44.     CrossRef
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    Sylvia A. Ashamallah, Mie A. Mohamed, Hany O. Habashy
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Comparison of Unsatisfactory Samples from Conventional Smear versus Liquid-Based Cytology in Uterine Cervical Cancer Screening Test
Hoiseon Jeong, Sung Ran Hong, Seoung-Wan Chae, So-Young Jin, Hye Kyoung Yoon, Juhie Lee, Eun Kyung Kim, Sook Tai Ha, Sung Nam Kim, Eun-Jung Park, Jong Jae Jung, Sun Hee Sung, Sung-chul Lim
J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51(3):314-319.   Published online April 17, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.03.17
  • 14,383 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Cervical cytology for uterine cervical cancer screening has transitioned from conventional smear (CS) to liquid-based cytology (LBC), which has many advantages. The aim of this study was to compare the proportion of unsatisfactory specimens from CS versus LBC at multiple institutions including general hospitals and commercial laboratories.
Methods
Each participating institution provided a minimum of 500 Papanicolaou (Pap) test results for analysis. Pap tests were classified according to the participating institution (commercial laboratory or general hospital) and the processing method (CS, ThinPrep, SurePath, or CellPrep). The causes of unsatisfactory results were classified as technical problems, scant cellularity, or complete obscuring factors.
Results
A total of 38,956 Pap test results from eight general hospitals and three commercial laboratories were analyzed. The mean unsatisfactory rate of LBC was significantly lower than that of CS (1.26% and 3.31%, p = .018). In the LBC method, samples from general hospitals had lower unsatisfactory rates than those from commercial laboratories (0.65% vs 2.89%, p = .006). The reasons for unsatisfactory results were heterogeneous in CS. On the other hand, 66.2% of unsatisfactory results in LBC were due to the scant cellularity.
Conclusions
Unsatisfactory rate of cervical cancer screening test results varies according to the institution and the processing method. LBC has a significantly lower unsatisfactory rate than CS.

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Case Study
Nodular Fasciitis of External Auditory Canal
Jihyun Ahn, Sunyoung Kim, Youngsil Park
J Pathol Transl Med. 2016;50(5):394-396.   Published online June 6, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2016.03.11
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  • 4 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Nodular fasciitis is a pseudosarcomatous reactive process composed of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, and it is most common in the upper extremities. Nodular fasciitis of the external auditory canal is rare. To the best of our knowledge, less than 20 cases have been reported to date. We present a case of nodular fasciitis arising in the cartilaginous part of the external auditory canal. A 19-year-old man complained of an auricular mass with pruritus. Computed tomography showed a 1.7 cm sized soft tissue mass in the right external auditory canal, and total excision was performed. Histologic examination revealed spindle or stellate cells proliferation in a fascicular and storiform pattern. Lymphoid cells and erythrocytes were intermixed with tumor cells. The stroma was myxoid to hyalinized with a few microcysts. The tumor cells were immunoreactive for smooth muscle actin, but not for desmin, caldesmon, CD34, S-100, anaplastic lymphoma kinase, and cytokeratin. The patient has been doing well during the 1 year follow-up period.

Citations

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  • Nodular Fasciitis of the Nose and External Auditory Canal: Two Rare Case Reports
    Wanjie Luo, Tianyu Ma, Siqi Wang, Xiaowei Qin, Li Jiang, Yuyao Wang, Tianhong Zhang
    Ear, Nose & Throat Journal.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Christina M. Yver, Michael A. Husson, Oren Friedman
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    Adrien Philippart, Jean-Christophe Degols, Jacques Vilain
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    Antonio Della Volpe, Paola Festa, Alfonso Maria Varricchio, Carmela Russo, Eugenio Maria Covelli, Delfina Bifano, Piera Piroli, Antonietta De Lucia, Arianna Di Stadio, Franco Ionna
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    Dong-Jo Kim, Seong-Wook Choi, Chung-Su Hwang, Hyun-Min Lee
    Journal of Clinical Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.2022; 33(4): 203.     CrossRef
Review
Molecular Dimensions of Gastric Cancer: Translational and Clinical Perspectives
Yoon Young Choi, Sung Hoon Noh, Jae-Ho Cheong
J Pathol Transl Med. 2016;50(1):1-9.   Published online October 26, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2015.09.10
  • 15,167 View
  • 157 Download
  • 21 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Gastric cancer is a global health burden and has the highest incidence in East Asia. This disease is complex in nature because it arises from multiple interactions of genetic, local environmental, and host factors, resulting in biological heterogeneity. This genetic intricacy converges on molecular characteristics reflecting the pathophysiology, tumor biology, and clinical outcome. Therefore, understanding the molecular characteristics at a genomic level is pivotal to improving the clinical care of patients with gastric cancer. A recent landmark study, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project, showed the molecular landscape of gastric cancer through a comprehensive molecular evaluation of 295 primary gastric cancers. The proposed molecular classification divided gastric cancer into four subtypes: Epstein-Barr virus–positive, microsatellite unstable, genomic stable, and chromosomal instability. This information will be taken into account in future clinical trials and will be translated into clinical therapeutic decisions. To fully realize the clinical benefit, many challenges must be overcome. Rapid growth of high-throughput biology and functional validation of molecular targets will further deepen our knowledge of molecular dimensions of this cancer, allowing for personalized precision medicine.

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Case Study
Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma Arising from Adenofibroma in a Patient with Endometriosis of the Ovary
Inju Cho, Sung-Chul Lim
J Pathol Transl Med. 2016;50(2):155-159.   Published online October 26, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2015.08.07
  • 11,302 View
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  • 2 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Ovarian clear cell adenocarcinomas (CCACs) are frequently associated with endometriosis and, less often with clear cell adenofibromas (CCAFs). We encountered a case of ovarian CCAC arising from benign and borderline adenofibromas of the clear cell and endometrioid types with endometriosis in a 53-year-old woman. Regions of the adenofibromas showed transformation to CCAC and regions of the endometriosis showed atypical endometriotic cysts. This case demonstrates that CCAC can arise from CCAF or endometriosis.

Citations

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Original Article
Comparison of Cytologic Characteristics between Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma and Adenoid Basal Carcinoma in the Uterine Cervix
Juhyeon Jeong, Seung Yeon Ha, Hyun Yee Cho, Dong Hae Chung, Jungsuk An
J Pathol Transl Med. 2015;49(5):396-402.   Published online August 17, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2015.07.08
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and adenoid basal carcinoma (ABC) are rare in the uterine cervix. ACC is more aggressive than ABC, thus accurate differential diagnosis is important. In this study, we identified cytologic features useful in distinguishing these two tumors for diagnosis. Methods: Three cases of ACC and five cases of ABC were selected for this study. Cervicovaginal smear slides were reviewed retrospectively, and the area, circumference, major axis, and minor axis of nuclei were measured using an image analyzer. Results: ACC displayed three-dimensional clusters with a small acini pattern. ABC displayed peripheral palisading without an acini pattern. The nuclei of ACC were more irregular and angulated than those of ABC, and the former showed a coarsely granular chromatin pattern. The nucleic area, circumference, major axis, and minor axis were 18.556±8.665 µm2, 23.320±11.412 µm, 5.664±1.537 µm, and 4.127±1.107 µm in ACC and 11.017±4.440 µm2, 15.920±5.664 µm, 4.612±1.025 µm, and 3.088±0.762 µm in the cases of ABC. All measured values showed statistically significant difference (p < .001). Conclusions: Although the nuclei of both of these tumor types were oval shaped, inferred from the ratio of minor axis to major axis (0.728 in ACC and 0.669 in ABC), the area of nuclei was approximately 1.7 times larger in ACC than in ABC. Distinguishing nucleic features, including area, morphology, and chromatin pattern, may be helpful in making a correct diagnosis.

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  • Adenoid basal carcinoma of the uterine cervix
    Anas Mohamed, Tesfalem Korga, Ahlam Ali, Javier Laurini
    International Journal of Gynecological Cancer.2025; : 101873.     CrossRef
  • Adenoid Basal Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix: A Case Report
    Tatsuya Kanuma, Keiko Kigure, Tosio Nishimura, Yuji Ibuki, Shigeru Tsuchida, Harumi Kamiyama, Misa Iijima, Kazuto Nakamura
    The KITAKANTO Medical Journal.2016; 66(1): 11.     CrossRef
Brief Case Reports
The Limitations of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Serous Cystadenoma: A Brief Case Report
Heae Surng Park, Sun Och Yoon, Beom Jin Lim, Joo Hee Kim, Soon Won Hong
Korean J Pathol. 2014;48(5):405-408.   Published online October 27, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2014.48.5.405
  • 8,300 View
  • 63 Download
PDF
Detection of Human Papillomavirus Type 39 in a Seborrheic Inclusion Cyst of the Buttock
Dae Hyun Song, Sang-Guk Lee, Dong Chul Kim, Jeong Hee Lee, Gyung Hyuck Ko, Jong Sil Lee
Korean J Pathol. 2014;48(5):398-400.   Published online October 27, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2014.48.5.398
  • 8,074 View
  • 49 Download
PDF
Papillary Cystadenoma of the Fallopian Tube Not Associated with von Hippel-Lindau Disease: A Case Report
Jae Yeon Seok, Myunghee Kang, Jungsuk An, Hyunchul Kim, Kwang-Beom Lee, Hyun Yee Cho
Korean J Pathol. 2014;48(5):382-386.   Published online October 27, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2014.48.5.382
  • 8,742 View
  • 69 Download
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PDF

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  • A Retrospective Study on the Occurrence and Prevalence of Ovarian Masses in the Patients of Rajkot District, Gujarat
    Kirtan M Vyas, Avni P Patel, Ashita K Vyas, Hardik Gohel
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Case Study
Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma of the Uterine Cervix: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Hyun Ju Lee
Korean J Pathol. 2014;48(5):361-365.   Published online October 27, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2014.48.5.361
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) of the uterine cervix is a rare malignancy, and 21 cases have been reported the literature from every language (including our case). Herein, we describe a 17-yearold female patient who presented with active vaginal bleeding. Pelvic examination revealed a 1.6 ×1.0×0.5-cm-sized soft mass protruding from the uterine cervix. The final pathological diagnosis was ASPS of the uterine cervix. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were strongly nuclear positive for transcription factor E3. The patient remained disease free for 24 months without adjuvant therapy. The prognosis of ASPS in the cervix is considerably better than that of ASPS in soft tissues due to early clinical detection, small size, and resectability. ASPS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an unusual epithelioid neoplasm showing organoid appearance with mild cytologic atypia and no/rare mitotic figures, particularly in young women. Pathologists should be aware of those unusual locations where ASPS may originate.

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    Mei Du, Yanli Li, Xiaorong Fan, Han Gao, Jie Shi, Shiyu Cheng, Tingzhu Meng
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    Anjali Gupta, Parikshaa Gupta, Amarjot Kaur, Snigdha Kumari, Gupta Nalini, Shalini Gainder
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    Xingtao Long, Qingming Jiang, Rengui Li, Dong Wang, Dongling Zou
    International Journal of Women's Health.2024; Volume 16: 17.     CrossRef
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    Yi Zhang, Yuchen Huang, Yanzi Qin, Ningning Yang, Panpan Yang, Nan Li, Zhenzhong Feng
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Original Article
Mdm2 and p53 Expression in Radiation-Induced Sarcomas of the Head and Neck: Comparison with De Novo Sarcomas
Min Jeong Song, Joon Seon Song, Jong-Lyel Roh, Seung-Ho Choi, Soon Yuhl Nam, Sang Yoon Kim, Sung Bae Kim, Sang-wook Lee, Kyung-Ja Cho
Korean J Pathol. 2014;48(5):346-350.   Published online October 27, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2014.48.5.346
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background: The pathogenesis of radiation-induced sarcomas (RISs) is not well known. In RIS, TP53 mutations are frequent, but little is known about Mdm2-p53 interaction, which is a recent therapeutic target of sarcomas. Methods: We studied the immunohistochemical expression of Mdm2 and p53 of 8 RISs. The intervals between radiation therapy and diagnosis of secondary sarcomas ranged from 3 to 17 years. Results: Mdm2 expression was more common in de novo sarcomas than RISs (75% vs 37.5%), and p53 expression was more common in RISs than in de novo cases (75% vs 37.5%). While half of the RISs were Mdm2(–)/p53(+), none of de novo cases showed such combination; while half of de novo sarcomas were Mdm2(+)/p53(–), which are a candidate group of Mdm2 inhibitors, only 1 RIS showed such a combination. Variable immunoprofiles observed in both groups did not correlate with tumor types, except that all of 2 myxofibrosarcomas were Mdm2(+)/p53(+). Conclusions: In conclusion, we speculated that both radiation- induced and de novo sarcomagenesis are not due to a unique genetic mechanism. Mdm2- expression without p53 overexpression in 1 case of RIS decreases the future possibility of applying Mdm2 inhibitors on a subset of these difficult tumors.

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Review
Guideline Recommendations for Testing of ALK Gene Rearrangement in Lung Cancer: A Proposal of the Korean Cardiopulmonary Pathology Study Group
Hyojin Kim, Hyo Sup Shim, Lucia Kim, Tae-Jung Kim, Kun Young Kwon, Geon Kook Lee, Jin-Haeng Chung
Korean J Pathol. 2014;48(1):1-9.   Published online February 25, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2014.48.1.1
  • 16,081 View
  • 130 Download
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AbstractAbstract PDF

Rearrangement of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene is the best predictor of response to crizotinib, an ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor. However, the prevalence of the ALK fusion is low, so accurate patient identification is crucial for successful treatment using ALK inhibitors. Furthermore, most patients with lung cancer present with advanced-stage disease at the time of diagnosis, so it is important for pathologists to detect ALK-rearranged patients while effectively maximizing small biopsy or cytology specimens. In this review, we propose a guideline recommendation for ALK testing approved by the Cardiopulmonary Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists.

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Original Articles
Diagnostic Utility of a Clonality Test for Lymphoproliferative Diseases in Koreans Using the BIOMED-2 PCR Assay
Young Kim, Yoo Duk Choi, Chan Choi, Jong-Hee Nam
Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(5):458-465.   Published online October 25, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.5.458
  • 12,377 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

A clonality test for immunoglobulin (IG) and T cell receptor (TCR) is a useful adjunctive method for the diagnosis of lymphoproliferative diseases (LPDs). Recently, the BIOMED-2 multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay has been established as a standard method for assessing the clonality of LPDs. We tested clonality in LPDs in Koreans using the BIOMED-2 multiplex PCR and compared the results with those obtained in European, Taiwanese, and Thai participants. We also evaluated the usefulness of the test as an ancillary method for diagnosing LPDs.

Methods

Two hundred and nineteen specimens embedded in paraffin, including 78 B cell lymphomas, 80 T cell lymphomas and 61 cases of reactive lymphadenitis, were used for the clonality test.

Results

Mature B cell malignancies showed 95.7% clonality for IG, 2.9% co-existing clonality, and 4.3% polyclonality. Mature T cell malignancies exhibited 83.8% clonality for TCR, 8.1% co-existing clonality, and 16.2% polyclonality. Reactive lymphadenitis showed 93.4% polyclonality for IG and TCR. The majority of our results were similar to those obtained in Europeans. However, the clonality for IGK of B cell malignancies and TCRG of T cell malignancies was lower in Koreans than Europeans.

Conclusions

The BIOMED-2 multiplex PCR assay was a useful adjunctive method for diagnosing LPDs.

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Histologic Variations and Immunohistochemical Features of Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Cheol Lee, Jeong-Whan Park, Ja Hee Suh, Kyung Han Nam, Kyung Chul Moon
Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(5):426-432.   Published online October 25, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.5.426
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

Due to advancements in treatment of metastatic and advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), it has become increasingly important to diagnose metastatic RCC and the specific subtype. In this study, we investigated the diverse histologic features of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) cases in comparison with corresponding primary lesions.

Methods

We identified 119 metastatic CCRCC cases from 81 corresponding primary lesions diagnosed between 1995 and 2010 and evaluated the diverse histologic and immunohistochemical features of these lesions.

Results

A total of 44 primary lesions (54.3%) had a non-clear cell component in addition to a typical clear cell component. Of the 119 metastatic lesions, 63 lesions (52.9%) contained a non-clear cell component, and 29 metastatic lesions were composed of a non-clear cell component only. Rhabdoid features were the most frequent non-clear cell histology among the metastatic lesions. Metastatic CCRCCs mainly showed positive CD10 and epithelial membrane antigen staining and negative cytokeratin 7 staining.

Conclusions

Metastatic CCRCC commonly showed a variety of histologic features. If there is a difficulty to diagnose metastatic CCRCC due to a variety of histologic features or small biopsy specimen, histologic review of the primary lesion and immunohistochemical analysis can help determine the correct diagnosis.

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Clinicopathological Analysis of Hepatocellular Adenoma According to New Bordeaux Classification: Report of Eight Korean Cases
Hyunchul Kim, Ja-June Jang, Dong-Sik Kim, Beom Woo Yeom, Nam Hee Won
Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(5):411-417.   Published online October 25, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.5.411
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

Hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) is a rare benign tumor of the liver. A subtype classification of HCA (hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α [HNF1α]-mutated, β-catenin-mutated HCA, inflammatory HCA, and unclassified HCA) has recently been established based on a single institutional review of a HCA series by the Bordeaux group.

Methods

We used histologic and immunohistochemical parameters to classify and evaluate eight cases from our institution. We evaluated the new classification method and analyzed correlations between our results and those of other reports.

Results

Seven of our eight cases showed histologic and immunohistochemical results consistent with previous reports. However, one case showed overlapping histologic features, as previously described by the Bordeaux group. Four cases showed glutamine synthetase immunohistochemical staining inconsistent with their classification, indicating that glutamine synthetase staining may not be diagnostic for β-catenin-mutated HCA. HNF1α-mutated HCA may be indicated by the absence of liver fatty acid binding protein expression. Detection of amyloid A may indicate inflammatory HCA. HCA with no mutation in the HNF1α or β-catenin genes and no inflammatory protein expression is categorized as unclassified HCA.

Conclusions

Although the new classification is now generally accepted, validation through follow-up studies is necessary.

Citations

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Cytological Evaluation and REBA HPV-ID HPV Testing of Newly Developed Liquid-Based Cytology, EASYPREP: Comparison with SurePath
Youn Soo Lee, Gyungyub Gong, Jin Hee Sohn, Ki Sung Ryu, Jung Hun Lee, Shin Kwang Khang, Kyung-Ja Cho, Yong-Man Kim, Chang Suk Kang
Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(3):265-274.   Published online June 25, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.3.265
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

The objective of this study was to evaluate a newly-developed EASYPREP liquid-based cytology method in cervicovaginal specimens and compare it with SurePath.

Methods

Cervicovaginal specimens were prospectively collected from 1,000 patients with EASYPREP and SurePath. The specimens were first collected by brushing for SurePath and second for EASYPREP. The specimens of both methods were diagnosed according to the Bethesda System. Additionally, we performed to REBA HPV-ID genotyping and sequencing analysis for human papillomavirus (HPV) on 249 specimens.

Results

EASYPREP and SurePath showed even distribution of cells and were equal in cellularity and staining quality. The diagnostic agreement between the two methods was 96.5%. Based on the standard of SurePath, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of EASYPREP were 90.7%, 99.2%, 94.8%, and 98.5%, respectively. The positivity of REBA HPV-ID was 49.4% and 95.1% in normal and abnormal cytological samples, respectively. The result of REBA HPV-ID had high concordance with sequencing analysis.

Conclusions

EASYPREP provided comparable results to SurePath in the diagnosis and staining quality of cytology examinations and in HPV testing with REBA HPV-ID. EASYPREP could be another LBC method choice for the cervicovaginal specimens. Additionally, REBA HPV-ID may be a useful method for HPV genotyping.

Citations

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  • Virome capture sequencing for comprehensive HPV genotyping in cervical samples
    Thanayod Sasivimolrattana, Sasiprapa Liewchalermwong, Wasun Chantratita, Insee Sensorn, Arkom Chaiwongkot, Parvapan Bhattarakosol
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    Hyekyung Lee, Myungein Han, Taejo Yoo, Chanho Jung, Hyun‐Jin Son, Migyung Cho
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In-house Manual Construction of High-Density and High-Quality Tissue Microarrays by Using Homemade Recipient Agarose-Paraffin Blocks
Kyu Ho Kim, Suk Jin Choi, Yeon Il Choi, Lucia Kim, In Suh Park, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu
Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(3):238-244.   Published online June 25, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.3.238
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

Self-made tissue punches can be effectively used to punch holes in blank recipient paraffin blocks and extract tissue cores from the donor paraffin blocks for the low-cost construction of tissue microarrays (TMAs). However, variable degrees of section distortion and loss of the tissue cores can occurs during cutting of the TMAs, posing technical problems for in-house manual construction of high-density TMAs. We aimed to update the method for in-house manual TMA construction to improve the quality of high-density TMAs.

Methods

Blocks of agarose gel were subjected to the standard tissue processing and embedding procedure to prepare recipient agarose-paraffin blocks. The self-made tissue punches and recipient agarose-paraffin blocks were used to construct TMAs, which were completely melted and re-embedded in paraffin to make finished TMA blocks.

Results

The donor tissue cores were completely integrated into the surrounding paraffin of the recipient blocks. This method enabled us to construct high-density TMAs with significantly less section distortion or loss of tissue cores during microtomy.

Conclusions

Simple and inexpensive construction of high-density and high-quality TMAs can be warranted by using paraffinized agarose gels as recipient blocks.

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  • Using Quality Function Deployment to Design an Image-Guided, Multibiopsy Tool for Neurosurgical Applications
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Prognostic Significance of Heat Shock Protein 70 Expression in Early Gastric Carcinoma
Youngran Kang, Woon Yong Jung, Hyunjoo Lee, Wonkyung Jung, Eunjung Lee, Bong Kyung Shin, Aeree Kim, Han Kyeom Kim, Baek-hui Kim
Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(3):219-226.   Published online June 25, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.3.219
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

Overexpression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) has been observed in many types of cancer including gastric adenocarcinomas, although the exact role of HSP70 in carcinogenesis remains unclear.

Methods

The study analyzed a total of 458 radical gastrectomy specimens which were immunohistochemically stained with HSP70, p53, and Ki-67 antibodies.

Results

The study determined that the expression of HSP70 was significantly increased in early gastric cancer (EGC) compared to advanced gastric cancer (p<0.001). The HSP70 expression was correlated with well-differentiated tumor type, intestinal type of Lauren classification and the lower pT and pN stage. Negative expression of Ki-67 and p53 expression was associated with poor prognosis. The study did not find any correlation between HSP70 and p53 expression. The study determined that HSP70 expression in the EGC subgroup was associated with a poor prognosis (p=0.009), as well as negative Ki-67 expression (p=0.006), but was not associated with p53. Based on multivariate analysis, HSP70 expression (p=0.024), negative expression of Ki-67, invasion depth and lymph node metastasis were determined to be independent prognostic markers.

Conclusions

HSP70 is expressed in the early stages of gastric adenocarcinoma. In EGC, HSP70 is a poor independent prognostic marker and is correlated with a low proliferation index.

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Construction of High-Density Tissue Microarrays at Low Cost by Using Self-Made Manual Microarray Kits and Recipient Paraffin Blocks
Chang Hwan Choi, Kyu Ho Kim, Ju Young Song, Suk Jin Choi, Lucia Kim, In Suh Park, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu
Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(6):562-568.   Published online December 26, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.6.562
  • 12,031 View
  • 109 Download
  • 15 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

Advances of tissue microarray (TMA) technology have enabled simultaneous in situ analysis of biomarker expression in a large number of archived pathology specimens. However, the relatively high cost of TMA construction may hamper many researchers from using this essential tool of modern pathology research. We discuss methods for making TMA kits and recipient blocks for manual construction of high-density TMAs at low cost.

Methods

Ordinary cannula piercing needles, hypodermic needles, bone marrow biopsy needles, metallic ink cartridges of ballpoint pens, and disposable skin biopsy punches were used to construct self-made manual TMA kits. The recipient blocks were manufactured by boring holes in the conventional bare paraffin blocks. A mini electric hand drill and a microcompound table assembled on a drill stand were used to maximize the capacity of the recipient blocks.

Results

By using TMA kits made from cannula piercing needles (16- and 18-gauge), it was possible to construct TMAs with 1 mm×140 cores, 0.6 mm×320 cores, 2 mm×70 cores, 3 mm×35 cores, and 5 mm×12 cores. The capacity of the recipient blocks could be dramatically increased by drilling holes.

Conclusions

Construction of TMAs using self-made TMA kits is an inexpensive alternative to construction of TMAs using commercial devices.

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Clear Cell Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Report of 15 Cases Including Three Cases of Concurrent Other-Type Renal Cell Carcinomas
Jeong Hwan Park, Cheol Lee, Ja Hee Suh, Kyung Chul Moon
Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(6):541-547.   Published online December 26, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.6.541
  • 9,823 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (CCPRCC) is a recently established subtype of renal epithelial tumor. The aim of this study was to identify the diagnostic criteria of CCPRCC with an emphasis on immunohistochemical studies, and to report three cases with concurrent other-type renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Methods

A total of 515 RCC patients that consecutively underwent surgical resection at Seoul National University Hospital from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2011 were screened. Each case was reviewed based on the histologic features and was evaluated immunohistochemically.

Results

A total of 15 CCPRCCs were identified, which composed 2.9% of the total RCCs. The mean age was 52 years, and the average tumor size was 1.65 cm. All 15 cases showed low nuclear grade, no lymph node metastasis and no distant metastasis. The CCPRCCs showed variable architectural patterns including cystic, trabecular, papillary, and acinar. All of the cases showed moderate to intense immunoreactivity for cytokeratin 7 (CK7). CD10 was negative or showed focal weak positivity. Three cases had concurrent other-type RCC, including a clear cell RCC and an acquired cystic disease-associated RCC.

Conclusions

The strong CK7 and negative or focal weak CD10 expression will be useful for the diagnosis of CCPRCC.

Citations

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    Hanan AlSaeid Alshenawy
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  • Clear Cell-Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma of the Kidney Not Associated With End-stage Renal Disease
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  • Do Clear Cell Papillary Renal Cell Carcinomas Have Malignant Potential?
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  • Targeted next‐generation sequencing and non‐coding RNA expression analysis of clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma suggests distinct pathological mechanisms from other renal tumour subtypes
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Case Reports
Cytologic Features of Giant Cell Ependymoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Myoung Ju Koh, Sun Och Yoon, Hyae Min Jeon, Hyeon Joo Jeong, Soon Won Hong, Se Hoon Kim
Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(5):507-513.   Published online October 25, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.5.507
  • 10,335 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF

Here, we present a case of anaplastic giant cell ependymoma (GCE) occurring in a 15-year-old woman. Squash smear slides for intraoperative frozen section diagnosis revealed oval to round cell clusters with a papillary structure in a fibrillary background. This was occasionally accompanied by the presence of bizarre pleomorphic giant cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and prominent intranuclear inclusions. These intranuclear inclusions were a key clue to diagnosis of ependymoma. Histologic analysis revealed features of a high-grade tumor with perivascular pseudorosettes and bizarre pleomorphic giant cells, which established the diagnosis of GCE. We performed a review of literatures about the cytologic features of GCE, including our case, thus proposing that intraoperative frozen diagnosis of GCE would be established by squash smear preparations featuring the mitosis and necrosis, as well as the high cellularity, and the presence of giant cells showing hyperchromatic nuclei with eosinophilic cytoplasm and intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions.

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  • A case of myxopapillary ependymoma with predominant giant cell morphology: A rare entity with comprehensive genomic profiling and review of literature
    Bryan Morales‐Vargas, Hassan Saad, Daniel Refai, Matthew Schniederjan, Zied Abdullaev, Kenneth Aldape, Malak Abedalthagafi
    Neuropathology.2025; 45(1): 13.     CrossRef
  • Report of a case of giant cell ependymoma with unusual clinical and pathological presentation
    Mónica B. Mezmezian, Victor Del Caño, Liliana G. Olvi
    Neuropathology.2019; 39(4): 313.     CrossRef
  • Giant Cell Ependymoma of Cervicomedullary Junction: A Case Report of a Long-Term Survivor and Literature Review
    Martina Cappelletti, Andrea G. Ruggeri, Giorgia Iacopino, Roberto Delfini
    World Neurosurgery.2018; 116: 121.     CrossRef
  • Immunohistochemical features of giant cell ependymoma of the filum terminale with unusual clinical and radiological presentation
    Fernando Candanedo-Gonzalez, Cindy Sharon Ortiz-Arce, Samuel Rosales-Perez, Ana Lilia Remirez-Castellanos, Candelaria Cordova-Uscanga, Armando Gamboa-Dominguez
    Diagnostic Pathology.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Giant Cell Ependymoma of Lateral Ventricle: Case Report, Literature Review, and Analysis of Prognostic Factors and Genetic Profile
    Hirokazu Takami, Christopher S. Graffeo, Avital Perry, Aditya Raghunathan, Robert B. Jenkins, Caterina Giannini, Terry C. Burns
    World Neurosurgery.2017; 108: 997.e9.     CrossRef
Multifocal Renal Cell Carcinoma of Different Histological Subtypes in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Ki Yong Na, Hyun-Soo Kim, Yong-Koo Park, Sung-Goo Chang, Youn Wha Kim
Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(4):382-386.   Published online August 23, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.4.382
  • 10,490 View
  • 77 Download
  • 13 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney (ADPKD) is rare. To date, 54 cases of RCC in ADPKD have been reported. Among these, only 2 cases have different histologic types of RCC. Here we describe a 45-year-old man who received radical nephrectomy for multifocal RCC with synchronous papillary and clear cell histology in ADPKD and chronic renal failure under regular hemodialysis. The case reported herein is another example of the rare pathological finding of RCC arising in a patient with ADPKD.

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  • Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease-Related Multifocal Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Narrative Iconographic Review
    Consolato M. Sergi, Luis Guerra, Josef Hager
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(9): 3965.     CrossRef
  • Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Patients Requiring Nephrectomy: Characteristics and Surgical Considerations
    Joel Ern Zher Chan, Kate S. Olakkengil, Shantanu Bhattacharjya, Santosh Antony Olakkengil
    ANZ Journal of Surgery.2025; 95(7-8): 1605.     CrossRef
  • Renal Cell Carcinoma in the Background of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: Report of Two Cases and Review of Literature
    Poorva Vias, Shikha Goyal, Renu Madan, Nandita Kakkar, Ridhi Sood, Kannan Periasamy, Rajender Kumar
    Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology.2024; 45(02): 188.     CrossRef
  • Detection of two synchronous histologically different renal cell carcinoma subtypes in the same kidney: a case report and review of the literature
    Mohamed Sakr, Merhan Badran, Sarah Ahmed Hassan, Mohamed Elsaqa, Mohamed Anwar Elwany, Nevine M. F. El Deeb, Mohamed Sharafeldeen
    Journal of Medical Case Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Importance of Genetic Testing in the Differential Diagnosis of Atypical TSC2-PKD1 Contiguous Gene Syndrome—Case Series
    Petronella Orosz, Zita Kollák, Ákos Pethő, András Fogarasi, György Reusz, Kinga Hadzsiev, Tamás Szabó
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    Asma Shoukat Masumdar, Anitha Padmanabhan, Nitin Gadgil, Gargi Padalkar
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  • Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma in the autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease patient with preserved renal function
    Hyuk Huh, Hyung Ah Jo, YongJin Yi, Seung Hyup Kim, Kyung Chul Moon, Curie Ahn, Hayne Cho Park
    The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2017; 32(6): 1108.     CrossRef
  • The Association between Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease and Renal Cell Carcinoma
    Chase C. Hansen, Michael Derrick, Irfan Warriach, James Thomas Cammack, James Thomas Cammack, Werner de Riese
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Original Article
Comparison of Diagnostic Cytomorphology of Atypical Squamous Cells in Liquid-Based Preparations and Conventional Smears
Jung Dal Lee, Young-Ha Oh, Seong Ok Lee, Jong Yull Kim
Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(4):365-369.   Published online August 23, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.4.365
  • 12,724 View
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  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

The aims of this study were to compare the cytomorphologic features diagnostic of atypical squamous cells (ASC) in liquid-based preparations (LBPs) and conventional Pap (CP) smears and to cytomorphologically assess the performance of the Cell Scan 1500™ in cervical cytology practice.

Methods

Cervicovaginal smears were obtained from 938 women. Two smears were obtained simultaneously from each individual, one for an LBP and the other for a CP smear; the smears were independently examined. ASC was diagnosed in 24 patients, and their samples were cytomorphologically and semiquantitatively analyzed.

Results

A total of 24 of the 938 women (2.6%) were diagnosed with ASC by one or both methods. Results from LBPs and CP smears were in agreement in 13 of 24 cases of ASC diagnosis (absolute direct agreement, 54.2%; k<0.20; p-value from chi-square test=0.085). Diagnostic features of ASC in the LBPs included squamous cell atypia and atypical squamous metaplasia.

Conclusions

The cellular features diagnostic of ASC present in one preparation can manifest themselves differently in the other. Changes in individual cells, particularly nuclear changes, are the most reliable features for diagnosing ASC. The Cell Scan 1500™ processor is more effective at detecting ASC than are CP smears.

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  • Risikobewertung von Zytologiebefunden im Zervixkarzinom-Screening
    Katrin Marquardt, Peter Ziemke, Konrad Neumann, Wolfgang Kühn
    Der Gynäkologe.2019; 52(12): 937.     CrossRef
  • Nationwide cervical cancer screening in Korea: data from the National Health Insurance Service Cancer Screening Program and National Cancer Screening Program, 2009–2014
    Seung-Hyuk Shim, Hyeongsu Kim, In-Sook Sohn, Han-Sung Hwang, Han-Sung Kwon, Sun Joo Lee, Ji Young Lee, Soo-Nyung Kim, Kunsei Lee, Sounghoon Chang
    Journal of Gynecologic Oncology.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Morphologic Analysis of Cytomegalovirus Infected Cells in Bronchial Washing Cytology: Comparison of Liquid-Based Preparation and Conventional Smear
    Jae Yeon Seok, Jungsuk An, Seung Yeon Ha, Dong Hae Chung, Sangho Lee, Hyunchul Kim
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2016; 50(2): 147.     CrossRef
Case Reports
Tumor Budding and Recurrence in Submucosal Invasive Colorectal Cancers of Favorable Histology: Case Reports of Two Early Colorectal Cancers with Advanced Recurrences
Heae Surng Park, Hee Jin Chang, Ji Won Park, Byung Chang Kim, Dae Kyung Sohn, Chang Won Hong, Ji-Yeon Baek, Sun Young Kim, Hyo Seong Choi, Jae Hwan Oh
Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(3):272-277.   Published online June 22, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.3.272
  • 9,894 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF

Complete resection of submucosal invasive colorectal cancer (SICC) showing favorable histology is regarded as curative. We report on two cases of SICC showing recurrence within 5 years despite complete resection. The first patient was a 68-year-old woman with well differentiated rectal adenocarcinoma invading the superficial submucosa, which recurred after 4.7 years. The second patient was a 53-year-old man with pT1N0 moderately differentiated colonic adenocarcinoma. He developed widespread tumor recurrence after 3.9 years. Retrospective pathologic review of the original tumors showed multiple foci of tumor budding at the invasive front. Immunohistochemical staining for D2-40 of deeper levels of the paraffin blocks showed rare foci of small lymphatic invasion. Tumor budding at the invasive front may be an important indicator for SICC aggressiveness or may reflect early lymphatic invasion. More aggressive pathologic examination and follow-up is required for patients with SICC showing tumor budding, even in the absence of unfavorable histologic findings.

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  • Estudio de factores histológicos predictivos de metástasis ganglionar locorregional en adenocarcinoma colorrectal mínimamente invasivo pT1
    Isidro Machado, Miriam Valera-Alberni, Fernando Martínez de Juan, José A. López-Guerrero, Alfonso García Fadrique, Julia Cruz, Carmen Martínez Lapiedra, Fernanda Maia de Alcantara, Ricardo Yaya, Jorge Campos, Carlos Fernández-Martos, Rafael Estevan
    Gastroenterología y Hepatología.2016; 39(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Histological factors predicting loco-regional lymph node metastasis in early invasive colorectal adenocarcinoma pT1
    Isidro Machado, Miriam Valera-Alberni, Fernando Martínez de Juan, José A. López-Guerrero, Alfonso García Fadrique, Julia Cruz, Carmen Martínez Lapiedra, Fernanda Maia de Alcantara, Ricardo Yaya, Jorge Campos, Carlos Fernández-Martos, Rafael Estevan
    Gastroenterología y Hepatología (English Edition).2016; 39(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Tumor budding in the clinical management of colon and rectal cancer
    Viktor H Koelzer, Inti Zlobec, Alessandro Lugli
    Colorectal Cancer.2014; 3(4): 387.     CrossRef
Cytologic Findings of Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Urethra: A Case Report
Jee-Young Han, Kyu-Ho Kim, Lucia Kim, Suk-Jin Choi, In-Suh Park, Joon-Mee Kim, Young-Chae Chu, Sang-Min Yoon
Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(2):210-214.   Published online April 25, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.2.210
  • 9,801 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the urethra is a rare disease entity with an uncertain histogenesis. Here, we present a case of primary clear cell adenocarcinoma of the female urethra with its cytological findings. A 54-year-old woman presented with a painless gross hematuria lasting 3 months. On vaginal sonography, there was a sausage-like, elongated mass in the urethra, measuring 3.8×4.3 cm. The voided urine cytology revealed small clusters of rounded or papillary cells. The necrotic debris and inflammatory cells were present within some clusters of tumor cells. These tumor cells were enlarged and had abundant clear or granular cytoplasm with cytoplasmic vacuoles. The nucleus was granular and contained vesicular chromatin with prominent nucleoli. The hobnail cells and hyaline globules were also present as in a histologic section. The histologic findings were compatible with clear cell adenocarcinoma. The tumor showed distinctive cytological features. Cytologically, however, it is necessary to make a differential diagnosis from other adenocarcinoma or high-grade urothelial carcinoma.

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  • Cytological and histological findings of upper tract mucinous urothelial carcinoma with clear cell component: A case report and review of literature
    Go Kobayashi, Naohiro Uraoka, Kazuhiro Sentani, Jun Shibata, Ryosuke Nobuhiro, Yoichi Saito, Daiki Taniyama, Masanori Hanamoto, Hiroyuki Nose, Naohide Oue
    Diagnostic Cytopathology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Presentación de reporte de caso: adenocarcinoma de célula clara de uretra
    Nataly González, Yuly Ramirez, Jose Szelezsán, Daniel Rojas
    Revista Urología Colombiana / Colombian Urology Journal.2018; 27(02): 191.     CrossRef
  • Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Urethra: Review of the Literature
    Anthony Kodzo-Grey Venyo
    International Journal of Surgical Oncology.2015; 2015: 1.     CrossRef
Original Articles
Nuclear Image Analysis Study of Neuroendocrine Tumors
Meeja Park, Taehwa Baek, Jongho Baek, Hyunjin Son, Dongwook Kang, Jooheon Kim, Hyekyung Lee
Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(1):38-41.   Published online February 23, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.1.38
  • 8,075 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

There is a subjective disagreement about nuclear chromatin in the field of pathology. Objective values of red, green, and blue (RGB) light intensities for nuclear chromatin can be obtained through a quantitative analysis using digital images.

Methods

We examined 10 cases of well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors of the rectum, small cell lung carcinomas, and moderately differentiated squamous cell lung carcinomas respectively. For each case, we selected 30 representative cells and captured typical microscopic findings. Using an image analyzer, we determined the longest nuclear line profiles and obtained graph files and Excel data on RGB light intensities. We assessed the meaningful differences in graph files and Excel data among the three different tumors.

Results

The nucleus of hematoxylin and eosin-stained tumor cells was expressed as a combination of RGB light sources. The highest intensity was from blue, whereas the lowest intensity was from green. According to the graph files, green showed the most noticeable change in the light intensity, which is consistent with the difference in standard deviations.

Conclusions

The change in the light intensity for green has an important implication for differentiating between tumors. Specific features of the nucleus can be expressed in specific values of RGB light intensities.

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  • Difference of the Nuclear Green Light Intensity between Papillary Carcinoma Cells Showing Clear Nuclei and Non-neoplastic Follicular Epithelia in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
    Hyekyung Lee, Tae Hwa Baek, Meeja Park, Seung Yun Lee, Hyun Jin Son, Dong Wook Kang, Joo Heon Kim, Soo Young Kim
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2016; 50(5): 355.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of diagnostic accuracy between CellprepPlus® and ThinPrep® liquid‐based preparations in effusion cytology
    Yong‐Moon Lee, Ji‐Yong Hwang, Seung‐Myoung Son, Song‐Yi Choi, Ho‐Chang Lee, Eun‐Joong Kim, Hye‐Suk Han, Jin young An, Joung‐Ho Han, Ok‐Jun Lee
    Diagnostic Cytopathology.2014; 42(5): 384.     CrossRef
Cytologic Diagnosis of hepatocellular Carcinoma by Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy.
Ki Kwon Kim, Eun Sook Chang
J Pathol Transl Med. 1990;1(1):18-26.
  • 1,989 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
CT guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration(FNA) of the liver for both cytologic and histologic examination has great value in diagnosing liver malignancy. From March, 1986 to April, 1990, 62 patients with the clinical impression of liver malignancy underwent CT guided percutaneous FNA biopsy. Of these, 43 cases were reviewed for this study, 19 were reported to be liver cell carcinoma, 2 were adenocarcinoma, 11 were reported as anaplastic cell present, and the rest (11 cases) were negative (9) or necrotic (2). Among the 11 cases of the last group, 9 were diagnosed as liver cell carcinoma and 2 were necrotic histologically. Retrospective review, in order to clarify the casuse of cytologic diagnostic error, of both cytologic and histologic slides of all cases showed discordance of 23% between these diagnoses and sensitivity is 93.9% and specificity is 90.9%. The reasons were as follows :1) the lack of awareness of tumor cells of well differentiated liver cell carcinoma (4 cases), 2) missed tumor cells due to too scanty cellularity (1 case), 3) improper smear (2 cases) and no tumor cell in the cytologic smears (3 cases). In such cases, at the initiation of FNA, a correct diagnosis of liver malignancy could only be made by a combination of cytologic and histologic examinations. However after three years' experience we can conclude that cytomorphologic features of liver cell carcinoma are sufficiently distinctive from other liver malignancies to be diagnostic
Cytologic Study of Thymoma.
Gu Kong, Se Jin Jang, Jung Dal Lee
J Pathol Transl Med. 1990;1(1):36-42.
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AbstractAbstract PDF
The fluoroscopy-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy has been gaining widespread acceptance as a rapid and effective method to make a pre-operative diagnosis of mediastinal tumors including thymoma, malignant lymphoma, and metastatic carcinoma. Although thymoma is a most common tumor of the superior mediastinum, most cytopathologists are not experted in cytologic diagnosis of this tumor because of limited experience. In order to define the diagnostic cytologic features of thymoma, we have retrospectively reviewed imprinting smears and corresponding tissue sections from four cases of this tumor. All cases revealed an apparent biphasic pattern of epithelial cell clusters and lymphocytes with occasional branching capillary fronds extending from three dimensional epithelial cell clusters. Epithelial cell clusters predominated in one case and lymphocytes in two cases. Mixed epithelial cell and lymphocyte type represented in one of four cases. In the lymphocyte predominant type, the presence of epithelial cell clusters and small mature lymphocytes are helpful features to differentiate from a malignent lymphoma.
Application of Immunohistochemical Technique in the Cytologic Diagnosis of herpes Simplex Virus Infection.
Hye Rim Park, Kap No Lee, Seung Young Paik
J Pathol Transl Med. 1990;1(1):74-84.
  • 2,331 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2(HSV-1, HSV-2) are the ubiquitous human pathogens responsible for a variety of afflictions, HSV-2 is one of the viruses that were suspected of promoting carcinogenesis in the uterine cervix. Certainly, there is a need for the more sensitive and accurate laboratory techniques for HSV detection. We examined total 80 cases of smears including 17 Tzanck smears of skin and 63 cases of Papanicolaou smears from total 77 patients with clinical impression of herpetic infections, from September, 1985 through August, 1989. Immunohistochemical typings for HSV-1 and HSV-2 were performed together with routine cytologic findings and compared The results are as follows : 1) patients were 9 males and 33 females, and age distribution was between 5 and 71 years 2) Subjective symptoms such as ulceration, vesicle, vaginal discharge, pruritus, and pain were complained in 36 patients and 38 cases were genital herpes. Recurrence was noted in 11 cases. 3) Positive results were obtained in 42 among 80 cases. 4) Both routine cytology and imunohistochemical staining were positive in 13 cases and in 24 cases only immunohistochemical staining were positive. 5 cases were positive only in routine cytologic smears. 5) The cases that immunocytochemical stain had been performed were 37 cases, which were all positive in type 2, Among the above 37 cases, type 1 also were positive in 5 cases. The results show that the immunoperoxidase technique is one of the rapid and reliable method to confirm the herpetic infection when suspected and that it is particularly useful when the Papanicolaou smear findings are equivocal

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