Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Original Articles

The combination of CDX2 expression status and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte density as a prognostic factor in adjuvant FOLFOX-treated patients with stage III colorectal cancers: Ji-Ae Lee, Hye Eun Park, Hye-Yeong Jin, Lingyan Jin, Seung Yeon Yoo, Nam-Yun Cho, Jeong Mo Bae, Jung Ho Kim, Gyeong Hoon Kang; Received June 3, 2024 Accepted September 26, 2024 Published online October 24, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.09.26 [Epub ahead of print]

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Background
Colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) with caudal-type homeobox 2 (CDX2) loss are recognized to pursue an aggressive behavior but tend to be accompanied by a high density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). However, little is known about whether there is an interplay between CDX2 loss and TIL density in the survival of patients with CRC.
Methods
Stage III CRC tissues were assessed for CDX2 loss using immunohistochemistry and analyzed for their densities of CD8 TILs in both intraepithelial (iTILs) and stromal areas using a machine learning-based analytic method.
Results
CDX2 loss was significantly associated with a higher density of CD8 TILs in both intraepithelial and stromal areas. Both CDX2 loss and a high CD8 iTIL density were found to be prognostic parameters and showed hazard ratios of 2.314 (1.050–5.100) and 0.378 (0.175–0.817), respectively, for cancer-specific survival. A subset of CRCs with retained CDX2 expression and a high density of CD8 iTILs showed the best clinical outcome (hazard ratio of 0.138 [0.023–0.826]), whereas a subset with CDX2 loss and a high density of CD8 iTILs exhibited the worst clinical outcome (15.781 [3.939–63.230]).
Conclusions
Altogether, a high density of CD8 iTILs did not make a difference in the survival of patients with CRC with CDX2 loss. The combination of CDX2 expression and intraepithelial CD8 TIL density was an independent prognostic marker in adjuvant chemotherapy-treated patients with stage III CRC.

Diagnosis of invasive encapsulated follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma by protein-based machine learning: Truong Phan-Xuan Nguyen, Minh-Khang Le, Sittiruk Roytrakul, Shanop Shuangshoti, Nakarin Kitkumthorn, Somboon Keelawat; Received July 23, 2024 Accepted September 14, 2024 Published online October 24, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.09.14 [Epub ahead of print]

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Background
Although the criteria for follicular-pattern thyroid tumors are well-established, diagnosing these lesions remains challenging in some cases. In the recent World Health Organization Classification of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors (5th edition), the invasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma was reclassified as its own entity. It is crucial to differentiate this variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma from low-risk follicular pattern tumors due to their shared morphological characteristics. Proteomics holds significant promise for detecting and quantifying protein biomarkers. We investigated the potential value of a protein biomarker panel defined by machine learning for identifying the invasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma, initially using formalin- fixed paraffin-embedded samples.
Methods
We developed a supervised machine-learning model and tested its performance using proteomics data from 46 thyroid tissue samples.
Results
We applied a random forest classifier utilizing five protein biomarkers (ZEB1, NUP98, C2C2L, NPAP1, and KCNJ3). This classifier achieved areas under the curve (AUCs) of 1.00 and accuracy rates of 1.00 in training samples for distinguishing the invasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma from non-malignant samples. Additionally, we analyzed the performance of single-protein/gene receiver operating characteristic in differentiating the invasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma from others within The Cancer Genome Atlas projects, which yielded an AUC > 0.5.
Conclusions
We demonstrated that integration of high-throughput proteomics with machine learning can effectively differentiate the invasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma from other follicular pattern thyroid tumors.

Case Studies

Primary epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma of the brain with EML4::ALK fusion mimicking intra-axial glioma: a case report and brief literature review: Eric Eunshik Kim, Chul-Kee Park, Koung Mi Kang, Yoonjin Kwak, Sung-Hye Park, Jae-Kyung Won; J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(3):141-145. Published online May 14, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.04.12

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Abstract PDF: An aggressive subtype of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma occurs primarily inside the abdominal cavity, followed by a pulmonary localization. Most harbor anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements, with RANBP2 and RRBP1 among the well-documented fusion partners. We report the second case of primary epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma of the brain, with a well-known EML4::ALK fusion. The case is notable for its intra-axial presentation that clinico-radiologically mimicked glioma.

Malignant potential of neuroendocrine microtumor of the pancreas harboring high-grade transformation: lesson learned from a patient with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome: Jongwon Lee, Kyung Jin Lee, Dae Wook Hwang, Seung-Mo Hong; J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(2):91-97. Published online March 13, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.02.13

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Abstract PDF

Pancreatic neuroendocrine microtumor (PNEMT) is a neuroendocrine tumor (NET) < 0.5 cm in diameter, and it is considered benign. We report a PNEMT with high-grade transformation (HGT). A man in his 60s with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome underwent surgical resection of a NET. A second sub-centimeter nodule with a nodule-in-nodule pattern was discovered. The 0.4 cm outer nodule contained clear columnar cells with round nuclei and indistinct nucleoli, while the 0.1 cm inner nodule had eosinophilic cells with an increased nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, vesicular nuclei, and prominent nucleoli. Tumor cells in the outer and inner nodules were synaptophysin and chromogranin positive. Only the inner nodule was p53 positive, while the outer nodule was exclusively positive for carbonic anhydrase 9 and vimentin. The Ki-67 labeling indices for the outer and inner nodules were 2.1% (grade 1) and 44.3% (grade 3), respectively. This nodule was determined to be a PNEMT with HGT. Our findings suggest that a PNEMT may not always be benign and can undergo HGT.

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Molecular Basis of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Alesia Maluchenko, Denis Maksimov, Zoia Antysheva, Julia Krupinova, Ekaterina Avsievich, Olga Glazova, Natalia Bodunova, Nikolay Karnaukhov, Ilia Feidorov, Diana Salimgereeva, Mark Voloshin, Pavel Volchkov
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(20): 11017. CrossRef

Original Article

Tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes evaluated using digital image analysis predict the prognosis of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: Yunjoo Cho, Jiyeon Lee, Bogyeong Han, Sang Eun Yoon, Seok Jin Kim, Won Seog Kim, Junhun Cho; J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(1):12-21. Published online January 10, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.11.02

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Abstract PDF: Background
The implication of the presence of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TIL-T) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is yet to be elucidated. We aimed to investigate the effect of TIL-T levels on the prognosis of patients with DLBCL.
Methods
Ninety-six patients with DLBCL were enrolled in the study. The TIL-T ratio was measured using QuPath, a digital pathology software package. The TIL-T ratio was investigated in three foci (highest, intermediate, and lowest) for each case, resulting in TIL-T–Max, TIL-T–Intermediate, and TIL-T–Min. The relationship between the TIL-T ratios and prognosis was investigated.
Results
When 19% was used as the cutoff value for TIL-T–Max, 72 (75.0%) and 24 (25.0%) patients had high and low TIL-T–Max, respectively. A high TIL-T–Max was significantly associated with lower serum lactate dehydrogenase levels (p < .001), with patient group who achieved complete remission after RCHOP therapy (p < .001), and a low-risk revised International Prognostic Index score (p < .001). Univariate analysis showed that patients with a low TIL-T–Max had a significantly worse prognosis in overall survival compared to those with a high TIL-T–Max (p < .001); this difference remained significant in a multivariate analysis with Cox proportional hazards (hazard ratio, 7.55; 95% confidence interval, 2.54 to 22.42; p < .001).
Conclusions
Patients with DLBCL with a high TIL-T–Max showed significantly better prognosis than those with a low TIL-T–Max, and the TIL-T–Max was an independent indicator of overall survival. These results suggest that evaluating TIL-T ratios using a digital pathology system is useful in predicting the prognosis of patients with DLBCL.

Case Study

Thyroid pathology, a clue to PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome: Yurimi Lee, Young Lyun Oh; J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(3):178-183. Published online March 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.03.04

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Abstract PDF

Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) is a hereditary disorder caused by germline inactivating mutations in the PTEN tumor suppressor gene. As a type of PHTS, Cowden syndrome is associated with abnormalities of the thyroid, breast, uterus, and gastrointestinal tract. A 52-year-old-woman visited the outpatient clinic of our endocrinology clinic with multiple thyroid nodules and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Computed tomography imaging revealed a multinodular mass measuring up to 3.5 cm in the left thyroid lobe, causing laryngotracheal airway displacement. The total thyroidectomy specimen revealed multiple follicular adenomas and adenomatous nodules with lymphocytic thyroiditis and lipomatous metaplasia in the background. The patient was suspected of PTHS based on her thyroid pathology, family history, and numerous hamartomatous lesions of the breast, uterus, and skin. Her diagnosis was confirmed through molecular testing. This case demonstrates that pathologists must be well acquainted with thyroid pathology in PHTS.

Citations

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Dedifferentiated Leiomyosarcoma of the Uterine Corpus with Heterologous Component: Clinicopathological Analysis of Five Consecutive Cases from a Single Institution and Comprehensive Literature Review
Suyeon Kim, Hyunsik Bae, Hyun-Soo Kim
Diagnostics.2024; 14(2): 160. CrossRef
Case report: Rare oral manifestations in Cowden syndrome with PTEN mutation
Wei Yuan, Yanbin Liu, Haibin Sun, Ming Su, Lizheng Qin, Xin Huang
Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Can thyroid histomorphology identify patients with PTEN hamartoma tumour syndrome?
Melad N Dababneh, Laura Rabinowitz, Gilman Plitt, Charis Eng, Christopher C Griffith
Histopathology.2024; 85(6): 929. CrossRef
A novel mutation in PTEN in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: A case report
Yanli Zhao
Biomedical Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Article

Significance of tumor-associated neutrophils, lymphocytes, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in non-invasive and invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma: Wael Abdo Hassan, Ahmed Kamal ElBanna, Noha Noufal, Mohamed El-Assmy, Hany Lotfy, Rehab Ibrahim Ali; J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(2):88-94. Published online January 10, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.11.06

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Abstract PDF

Background
Tumor-infiltrating neutrophils and lymphocytes play essential roles in promoting or combating various neoplasms. This study aimed to investigate the association between tumor-infiltrating neutrophils and lymphocytes and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in the progression of urothelial carcinoma.
Methods
A total of 106 patients diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma were was. Pathological examination for tumor grade and stage and for tumor-infiltrating neutrophils, both CD4 and CD8+ T lymphocytes, as well as the neutrophil- to-lymphocyte ratio were evaluated.
Results
The presence of neutrophils and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio correlated with high-grade urothelial neoplasms. In both low- and high-grade tumors, the lymphocytes increased during progression from a non-invasive neoplasm to an early-invasive neoplasm. CD8+ T lymphocytes increased in low-grade non–muscle-invasive tumors compared to non-invasive tumors. Additionally, there was a significant decrease in CD8+ T lymphocytes during progression to muscle-invasive tumors.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that tumor-infiltrating neutrophils and CD8+ T lymphocytes have a significant effect on tumor grade and progression.

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Immune cell networking in solid tumors: focus on macrophages and neutrophils
Irene Di Ceglie, Silvia Carnevale, Anna Rigatelli, Giovanna Grieco, Piera Molisso, Sebastien Jaillon
Frontiers in Immunology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Immunohistochemistry assessment of tissue neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts outcomes in melanoma patients treated with anti-programmed cell death 1 therapy
Renan J. Teixeira, Vinícius G. de Souza, Bruna P. Sorroche, Victor G. Paes, Fabiana A. Zambuzi-Roberto, Caio A.D. Pereira, Vinicius L. Vazquez, Lidia M.R.B. Arantes
Melanoma Research.2024; 34(3): 234. CrossRef
Association between alteration of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, platelet to lymphocyte ratio, cancer antigen-125 and surgical outcomes in advanced stage ovarian cancer patient who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Ponganun Tuntinarawat, Ratnapat Tangmanomana, Thannaporn Kittisiam
Gynecologic Oncology Reports.2024; 52: 101347. CrossRef
Prognostic role of the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in high‐risk BCG‐naïve non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer treated with intravesical gemcitabine/docetaxel
Mohamad Abou Chakra, Riitta Lassila, Nancy El Beayni, Sarah L. Mott, Michael A. O'Donnell
BJU International.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer with intravesical Bacillus Calmette–Guérin immunotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Jiaguo Huang, Li Lin, Dikai Mao, Runmiao Hua, Feifei Guan
Frontiers in Immunology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Significant association between high neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Chunhua Xu, Fenfang Wu, Lailing Du, Yeping Dong, Shan Lin
Frontiers in Immunology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Chitinase 3-like-1 Expression in the Microenvironment Is Associated with Neutrophil Infiltration in Bladder Cancer
Ling-Yi Xiao, Yu-Li Su, Shih-Yu Huang, Yi-Hua Chen, Po-Ren Hsueh
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(21): 15990. CrossRef

Case Study

Primary pulmonary epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma: a rare entity and a literature review: Priyanka Singh, Aruna Nambirajan, Manish Kumar Gaur, Rahul Raj, Sunil Kumar, Prabhat Singh Malik, Deepali Jain; J Pathol Transl Med. 2022;56(4):231-237. Published online July 7, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.05.08

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Abstract PDF

Epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma (EIMS) is an aggressive subtype of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) harboring anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene fusions and is associated with high risk of local recurrence and poor prognosis. Herein, we present a young, non-smoking male who presented with complaints of cough and dyspnoea and was found to harbor a large right lower lobe lung mass. Biopsy showed a high-grade epithelioid to rhabdoid tumor with ALK and desmin protein expression. The patient initially received 5 cycles of crizotinib and remained stable for 1 year; however, he then developed multiple bony metastases, for which complete surgical resection was performed. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of EIMS, with ALK gene rearrangement demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Postoperatively, the patient is asymptomatic with stable metastatic disease on crizotinib and has been started on palliative radiotherapy. EIMS is a very rare subtype of IMT that needs to be included in the differential diagnosis of ALKexpressing lung malignancies in young adults.

Citations

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Mediastinal epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma with the EML4‐ALK fusion: A case report and literature review
Tingyu Pan, Xinyu Sun, Xiao Wu, Futing Tang, Xianmei Zhou, Qian Wang, Shi Chen
Respirology Case Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Primary epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma of the brain with EML4::ALK fusion mimicking intra-axial glioma: a case report and brief literature review
Eric Eunshik Kim, Chul-Kee Park, Koung Mi Kang, Yoonjin Kwak, Sung-Hye Park, Jae-Kyung Won
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2024; 58(3): 141. CrossRef
Epithelioid Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Sarcoma: A Report of a Rare Case
Varun Ronanki, Vaddatti Tejeswini, Inuganti Venkata Renuka, Shaik Raheema, Bakkamanthala S K Kanth
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Thoracic epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma: a rare and aggressive disease with case report and literature review
Linke Yang, Pei Li, Runze Liu, Baomin Feng, Huiqing Mao, Xiaoyong Tang, Guangjian Yang
Discover Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Case report: Epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma treated with an ALK TKI ensartinib
Mengmeng Li, Ruyue Xing, Jiuyan Huang, Chao Shi, Chunhua Wei, Huijuan Wang
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Epithelioid Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Sarcoma With Poor Response to Crizotinib: A Case Report
Soheila Aminimoghaddam, Roghayeh Pourali
Clinical Medicine Insights: Case Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma: a case report and brief literature review
Weidong Dou, Yu Guan, Tao Liu, Hang Zheng, Shuo Feng, Yingchao Wu, Xin Wang, Zhanbing Liu
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Article

Correlation between myoferlin expression and lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma: Ji Min Na, Dong Chul Kim, Dae Hyun Song, Hyo Jung An, Hyun Min Koh, Jeong-Hee Lee, Jong Sil Lee, Jung Wook Yang, Min Hye Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2022;56(4):199-204. Published online May 11, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.03.19

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Abstract PDF: Background
Myoferlin is a multifunctional protein expressed in various normal and cancer cells, with novel oncogenic roles being newly discovered. Recently, correlations have been found between myoferlin expression and unfavorable prognosis in various carcinomas. This study investigated the prognostic role of myoferlin expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), specifically that associated with nodal metastasis.
Methods
We collected clinicopathological data and PTC tissues from 116 patients who had been admitted to Gyeongsang National University Hospital in 2010. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on surgical specimen-derived tissue microarray blocks. Myoferlin expression was graded, and the relationship between expression level and pathological features of tumors based on the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system was evaluated.
Results
Of the 116 patient samples, 100 cases exhibited positive myoferlin expression. Higher grade of myoferlin expression was correlated with lower T category group (p = .010). Presence of lymph node metastasis was determined to be significantly correlated with low-grade myoferlin expression (p = .019), with no significant difference between pN1a and pN1b tumors.
Conclusions
Our study revealed an adverse correlation between myoferlin expression and pathological features of PTC, evidence of the potential prognostic role of myoferlin in PTC lymph node metastasis.

Case Studies

A sinonasal yolk sac tumor in an adult: Jaehoon Shin, Ji Heui Kim, Kyeong Cheon Jung, Kyung-Ja Cho; J Pathol Transl Med. 2022;56(3):152-156. Published online January 26, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2021.12.09

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Abstract PDF

Yolk sac tumors (YSTs), which are also called endodermal sinus tumors, are malignant tumors of germ cell origin. These tumors usually occur in the gonads, but 20% of cases have been reported at extragonadal sites. The head and neck is a rarely affected region that accounts for just 1% of all malignant tumors of germ cell origin. In addition, YSTs arise mostly in childhood. We present a rare pathologically pure case of primary adult YST in the sinonasal area. A 45-year-old male patient presented with a rapidly growing mass in the nasal cavity, which caused nasal obstruction and bloody post-nasal drip. The histopathologic features indicated pure YST, and immunohistochemical analysis revealed positive reactivity for Sal-like protein 4 and alpha-fetoprotein. Herein, we discuss the clinical, radiologic, and histologic features of this YST and review other cases of sinonasal YST in adults.

Citations

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International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Sinonasal Tumors
Edward C. Kuan, Eric W. Wang, Nithin D. Adappa, Daniel M. Beswick, Nyall R. London, Shirley Y. Su, Marilene B. Wang, Waleed M. Abuzeid, Borislav Alexiev, Jeremiah A. Alt, Paolo Antognoni, Michelle Alonso‐Basanta, Pete S. Batra, Mihir Bhayani, Diana Bell,
International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology.2024; 14(2): 149. CrossRef
Yolk sac tumor of postpubertal-type does not exhibit immunohistochemical loss of SMARCB1/INI1 and SMARCA4/BRG1…but choriocarcinoma?
Costantino Ricci, Francesca Ambrosi, Tania Franceschini, Francesca Giunchi, Eugenia Franchini, Francesco Massari, Veronica Mollica, Federico Mineo Bianchi, Maurizio Colecchia, Andres Martin Acosta, Michelangelo Fiorentino
Pathology - Research and Practice.2023; 241: 154269. CrossRef
Pure yolk sac tumor primarily in the nasal cavity: A case report
Zijun Liu, Baohong Wen, Yan Zhang
Asian Journal of Surgery.2023; 46(10): 4712. CrossRef
A case of Yolk sac tumor arising from paranasal sinus
Kaori Shinomura, Munehito Moriyama, Keigo Fujita, Takashi Hirano, Masashi Suzuki
JOURNAL OF JAPAN SOCIETY FOR HEAD AND NECK SURGERY.2023; 33(1): 41. CrossRef
A Novel Successful Case of Nasal and Sinus Yolk Sac Tumor With SMARCB1 (INI-1) Deficiency: A Case Report
Tianyu He, Zhiyu Wang, Hongbo Su, Sihan Li, Zheng He
Cureus.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Recurrent malignant solitary fibrous tumor of the scalp: a case report and literature review: Ahmed Rabie, Abdulkarim Hasan, Yasein Mohammed, Ayman Abdelmaksoud, Ali A. Rabaan; J Pathol Transl Med. 2022;56(2):103-108. Published online January 21, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2021.10.29

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Abstract PDF

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare type of mesenchymal neoplasm that first was discovered in the pleura but can also affect the peritoneum, lungs, mediastinum, and skin. Cutaneous malignant SFT is an extremely rare tumor that resembles dermatofibrosacoma protuberance (DFSP) histologically and immunohistochemically. Herein, we describe a case of malignant SFT that presented as a recurrent mass on the scalp. The first lesion was totally excised one year before recurrence and was diagnosed as a DFSP based on the histopathology and cluster of differentiation 34 immunostaining positivity. Re-examination of the previously examined specimen was considered. Activator of transcription 6 positivity was also detected in the tissue, confirming the diagnosis of a recurrent malignant SFT rather than DFSP. There was no evidence of recurrence, locoregional, or distant metastases at six months after lesion removal with a safety margin.

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Prolonged generalized osteomalacia associated with a sinonasal cavity phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor: A case report
Mehdi Montazer, Naser Tayyebi Meibodi, Elmira Teymouri, Zohreh Mousavi, Sedigheh Reisian, Motahare Ebrahimnejad
Clinical Case Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Giant Cell Tumor of Soft Tissue on the Forearm Skin: Case Report and Literature Review
Abdulkarim Hasan, Khalid Nafie, Mohamed Adwi, Ayman Abdelmaksoud, Mohammed S. Abdelwahed, Abdulhadi Samman, Mohammad A. Alghamdi, Hasan S. Al-Ghamdi, Hind Ali Hendi, S. K. A. Horsu
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences.2023; 11(C): 71. CrossRef
Primary sclerosing liposarcoma of the ovary: Case report and a review of the literature
Thyagaraja Dhanurjaya, Turnbull Hilary, Jasenka Mazibrada
International Journal of Surgery Case Reports.2023; 109: 108513. CrossRef
Favorable outcome of a histiocytic sarcoma patient treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor: a case report
Long Thanh Nguyen, Giang Hoang Pham, Phuong Thi Vu, Hyeon Gyu Yi
Annals of Medicine & Surgery.2023; 85(12): 6274. CrossRef
Adrenal Solitary Fibrous Tumor: A Case Report
Elena Casademunt-Gras, Isabel Salinas, Pau Moreno Santabarbara, Gustavo Tapia Melendo, Jordi L Reverter
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
A Rare Case of Malignant Solitary Fibrous Tumor on the Scalp
Kwang-Ryeol Kim, Ki Hong Kim
Keimyung Medical Journal.2023; 42(2): 107. CrossRef

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and concurrent seminoma in the same testis: Kosuke Miyai, Fumihisa Kumazawa, Kimiya Sato, Hitoshi Tsuda; J Pathol Transl Med. 2022;56(1):48-52. Published online October 22, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2021.09.10

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Abstract PDF: A 59-year-old man presented with a painless testicular mass and underwent a radical orchiectomy. The resected specimen showed a 5-cm-sized, white-yellow and homogenous solid mass in the testicular parenchyma. Histologically, the central part of the tumor exhibited typical features of seminoma. The peripheral part of the tumor exhibited diffuse infiltration of small, monotonous lymphoid cells involving the tunica albuginea. The monotonous lymphoid cells were immunoreactive for CD20, CD79a, CD5, and CD23, and negative for CD3, CD10, and cyclin D1. Kappa light chain restriction was detected on flow cytometry using the resected specimen. Considering the circulating lymphoid cell count of >5.0×10³/µL, we diagnosed the peripheral component of the tumor as an infiltration of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. This extremely rare combination of seminoma and lymphoid neoplasm should be considered in the differential diagnosis of classic seminoma with extensive lymphoid reaction in tumors arising in elderly patients.

Primary testicular carcinoid tumor with marked lymphovascular invasion: Hyun Jung Lee, Joon Young Park, So Young Kim, Chung Su Hwang, Jung Hee Lee, Dong Hoon Shin, Jee Yeon Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2021;55(6):410-414. Published online October 20, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2021.09.11

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Abstract PDF

Testicular carcinoid tumors are very rare, accounting for less than 1% of all testicular tumors. We report a rare case of a testicular carcinoid tumor with extensive lymphatic invasion. A 42-year-old man presented with a painless, enlarged right testicular mass. There was no history of injury or discomfort in this region. Right radical orchiectomy was performed, which showed a well-defined, non-encapsulated solid white mass with calcification (7.0 × 4.5 × 3.5 cm) and absence of cystic components. Microscopic examination using hematoxylin and eosin staining of the tumor sections identified organoid, trabecular, and solid patterns with rosette formation. Extensive multifocal lymphatic invasion was observed. Immunohistochemistry was positive for synaptophysin, chromogranin, and CD56. Testicular carcinoid tumors usually show good prognoses; however, there was extensive lymphovascular invasion in this case. Thus, in the case of unusual presentation of the disease, close follow-up is necessary.

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Testicular Primary Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumor: Clinicopathologic, Immunohistochemical, and Molecular Characterization of Two Patients
Liwei Jia, Bo Zhang, Daniel Shen, Prasad R. Koduru
International Journal of Surgical Pathology.2024; 32(8): 1574. CrossRef

Original Articles

Association of PTTG1 expression with invasiveness of non-functioning pituitary adenomas: Su Jung Kum, Hye Won Lee, Soon Gu Kim, Hyungsik Park, Ilseon Hwang, Sang Pyo Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2022;56(1):22-31. Published online October 15, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2021.08.31

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Abstract PDF

Background
Pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 (PTTG1), paired-like homeodomain 2 (PITX2), and galectin-3 have been widely studied as predictive biomarkers for various tumors and are involved in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. We evaluated the usefulness of PTTG1, PITX2, and galectin-3 as predictive biomarkers for invasive non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) by determining the relationship between the expressions of these three proteins and the invasiveness of the NFPAs. We also investigated whether PTTG1, E-cadherin, and Ki-67, which are known to be related to each other, show a correlation with NFPA features.
Methods
A retrospective study was conducted on 87 patients with NPFAs who underwent surgical removal. The NFPAs were classified into three groups based on magnetic resonance imaging findings of suprasellar extension and cavernous sinus invasion. Immunohistochemical staining for PTTG1, PITX2, galectin-3, E-cadherin, and Ki-67 was performed on tissue microarrays.
Results
PTTG1 expression showed a statistically significant correlation with the invasiveness of NFPAs, whereas PITX2 and galectin-3 did not have a relationship with the invasiveness of NFPAs. Moreover, there was no association among PTTG1, E-cadherin, and Ki-67 expression.
Conclusions
PTTG1 has the potential to serve as a predictive biomarker for invasive NFPA. Furthermore, this study may serve as a reference for the development of PTTG1-targeted therapeutic agents.

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Immunohistochemical expression of programmed death-ligand 1 and CD8 in glioblastomas: Dina Mohamed El Samman, Manal Mohamed El Mahdy, Hala Sobhy Cousha, Zeinab Abd El Rahman Kamar, Khaled Abdel Karim Mohamed, Hoda Hassan Abou Gabal; J Pathol Transl Med. 2021;55(6):388-397. Published online October 14, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2021.08.04

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Abstract PDF

Background
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary malignant brain tumor in adults and is characterized by poor prognosis. Immune evasion occurs via programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)/programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) interaction. Some malignant tumors have responded to PD-L1/PD-1 blockade treatment strategies, and PD-L1 has been described as a potential predictive biomarker. This study discussed the expression of PD-L1 and CD8 in glioblastomas.
Methods
Thirty cases of glioblastoma were stained immunohistochemically for PD-L1 and CD8, where PD-L1 expression in glioblastoma tumor tissue above 1% is considered positive and CD-8 is expressed in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. The expression of each marker was correlated with clinicopathologic parameters. Survival analysis was conducted to correlate progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) with PD-L1 and CD8 expression.
Results
Diffuse/fibrillary PD-L1 was expressed in all cases (mean expression, 57.6%), whereas membranous PD-L1 was expressed in six of 30 cases. CD8-positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (CD8⁺ TILs) had a median expression of 10%. PD-L1 and CD8 were positively correlated (p = .001). High PD-L1 expression was associated with worse PFS and OS (p = .026 and p = .001, respectively). Correlation of CD8⁺ TILs percentage with age, sex, tumor site, laterality, and outcomes were statistically insignificant. Multivariate analysis revealed that PD-L1 was the only independent factor that affected prognosis.
Conclusions
PD-L1 expression in patients with glioblastoma is robust; higher PD-L1 expression is associated with lower CD8+ TIL expression and worse prognosis.

Citations

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