Rearrangement of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (
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Previous studies have suggested an association between usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) and lung cancer (Ca). However, clinical and histological information is not enough to determine such an association, due to the low incidence and short survival time of patients with both conditions.
We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and histological records of Ca patients with UIP between January 1999 and August 2013 at the Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. We found 43 patients who had Ca with UIP (UIP-Ca). Previously reported data of eighty-four patients with UIP-only were included as a comparison group.
Smoking is related to poor prognosis in patients with UIP-Ca, and the number of patients with a high smoking index of more than 30 pack-years significantly increased in UIP-Ca patients compared with UIP-only patients. There is no significant prognostic differentiation between UIP-Ca patients and UIP-only patients. Microscopically, UIP-Ca patients showed characteristically heterogeneous histological patterns and degrees of differentiation. There were many foci of squamous metaplasia or dysplasia at the peripheral area of squamous cell carcinomas.
We report 43 cases of UIP-Ca. Our results suggest that smoking is related to cancer occurrence in UIP patients and poor prognosis in UIP-Ca patients.
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Phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome ten (PTEN) is one of the most frequently inactivated tumor suppressors in various tumor types. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) may affect tumor progression by post-transcriptional repression of expression of tumor suppressors, such as PTEN. This study was conducted to evaluate the significance of PTEN expression in pulmonary neuroendocrine (NE) tumors and to analyze the relationship between PTEN and miR-21 expressions.
Expressions of PTEN and miR-21 were investigated by immunohistochemistry and real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively, in 75 resected pulmonary NE tumors (23 typical carcinoids [TCs], nine atypical carcinoids [ACs], 22 large cell NE carcinomas [LCNECs], and 21 small cell lung carcinomas [SCLCs]).
Loss of PTEN expression was observed in four of 23 TCs (17.4%), four of nine ACs (44.4%), 16 of 22 LCNECs (72.7%) and nine of 21 SCLCs (42.9%) (p=.025). The expression level of miR-21 was significantly higher in high-grade NE carcinomas than in carcinoid tumors (p<.001). PTEN expression was inversely correlated with miR-21 expression (p<.001).
This study suggests that aberrant expression of PTEN in relation to miR-21 may represent an important step in the development and progression of pulmonary NE tumors.
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This study investigates the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) 52 and 58 genotypes among women residing in Busan, and the expression of p16 and p53 proteins in cervical neoplasia with HPV 52 and 58 infections.
A total of three hundred fifteen cases were analyzed using the HPV DNA chip test for HPV genotypes, and of these, we retrospectively examined p16 and p53 expression in 62 cases of cervical tissues infected with HPV 52 and 58 using immunohistochemistry.
HPV 52 and 58 genotypes were identified in 62 (54.9%) out of 113 high-risk, HPV-infected cases. Of the cases examined, there were 19 single HPV 52 infections (16.8%), 23 single HPV 58 infections (20.4%), 4 multiple HPV 52 infections (3.5%), and 16 multiple HPV-58 infections (14.2%). Immunoreactivity of p16 and p53 was observed in 41 (66.1%) and 23 (37.1%) of the 62 cases of cervical neoplasia infected with HPV 52 and 58 genotypes, respectively.
This study demonstrates a high prevalence of HPV 52 and 58 genotypes, in addition to HPV 16, among high-risk strains of cervical neoplasia in Korea. These findings suggest that development of more vaccines would be beneficial for the prevention of the various HPV genotypes.
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This study was aimed at investigating the relation of P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) expression with the clinicopathological features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) coexisting with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT).
We examined 170 patients (84, PTC with HT; 86, PTC without HT). P2X7R expression was examined by immunohistochemical methods. The staining intensity and patterns were evaluated and scored using a semi-quantitative method.
The PTC with HT group was more likely to contain women and had less extrathyroid extension, lymph node (LN) metastasis, lymphovascular invasion, and recurrence than the PTC without HT group. Patients positive for P2X7R had significantly higher frequencies of lymphovascular invasion, extrathyroid extension, LN metastasis, and absence of HT. As shown by multivariate analysis, the expression of P2X7R was significantly higher if HT was absent and extrathyroid extension was present. In the PTC with HT group, the expression of P2X7R was significantly higher in patients with tumor multifocality, lymphovascular invasion, and extrathyroid extension. In the PTC without HT group, the expression of P2X7R was significantly higher in women and those having tumor multifocality.
Coexistence of PTC with HT is associated with good prognostic factors, and P2X7R expression in PTC was correlated with poor prognostic factors and the absence of HT.
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Because of recent advances in the molecular diagnosis of cancer patients, tissue quality has become more important in daily practice.
To evaluate the effects of fixative, duration of fixation, decalcification, and storage periods on nucleic acid integrity, DNA and RNA were extracted from gastrointestinal cancer tissue. The yield and purity were analyzed, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH; 60 bp), β-actin (148 bp), and human growth hormone (hGH; 434 bp) and real-time reverse transcription-PCR for β-actin (97 bp) were performed.
All formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) and methacarn-fixed paraffin-embedded (MFPE) samples tested positive for GAPDH and β-actin by PCR. hGH was successfully detected in all MFPE samples, but in only 46.7% of the FFPE samples. Prolonged formalin fixation resulted in fewer GAPDH and β-actin PCR products, and amplification of hGH was not successful. The PCR and reverse transcription-PCR results were significantly affected by the duration of decalcification. The yield, purity, and integrity of mRNA progressively decreased with increased storage periods of paraffin blocks.
Fixation and storage should therefore be standardized in order to improve the quality of molecular pathologic diagnosis.
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Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an oncogenic virus in cervical cancer and most invasive carcinomas (ICs) are caused by HPV16 and 18. However, the roles and contributions of other uncommon and rare genotypes remain uncertain.
HPV genotypes were retrospectively assessed using an HPV DNA chip that can specify up to 32 HPV genotypes. We arbitrarily regarded genotypes accounting for less than 6% of the total as uncommon and rare genotypes.
A total of 3,164 HPV-positive cases were enrolled. In groups 2A, 2B, 3, and unclassified HPV genotypes, 2.4% of cases with uncommon HPV genotypes (68, 26, 34, 53, 66, 69, 70, 73, 40, 42, 43, 44, 54, 55, 61, 62, 6, and 11) showed high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and ICs. There were no HPV32- and 57-infected cases.
We found that the uncommon and rare HPV genotypes may provide incremental etiologic contributions in cervical carcinogenesis, especially HPV68, 70, and 53. Further studies on these uncommon and rare HPV genotypes will be of importance in establishing the significance of genotypes in different regions, especially in planning a strategy for further vaccine development as well as follow-up on the effectiveness of the currently used vaccines.
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A 24-year-old man was admitted due to an incidentally detected mass in his left testis, which showed radiopaque calcification on plain X-ray film. Left orchiectomy was performed, and the resected testis contained a well-demarcated, hard mass measuring 1.1 cm. Histological analysis revealed that the tumor was composed of neoplastic cells, fibrotic stroma, and laminated or irregularly shaped calcific bodies. The individual cells had abundant eosinophilic or clear cytoplasm with round nuclei, each of which contained one or two conspicuous nucleoli. They were arranged in cords, trabeculae, clusters, and diffuse sheets. There were several foci of intra-tubular growth patterns, with thickening of the basal lamina. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were positive for S-100 protein and vimentin, focally positive for inhibin alpha, and negative for cytokeratin, CD10, and Melan-A. In addition to reporting this rare case, we also review the relevant literature regarding large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumors.
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Herein, we report a case of primary myxoid leiomyoma of the liver. A 60-year-old woman complained of upper abdominal fullness. Computed tomography showed a solid tumor (8 cm) in the liver. The patient underwent right hepatectomy and histological findings from the resected specimen revealed scattered bland spindle cells in a background of exuberant myxoid material. The tumor cells were immunoreactive for smooth muscle actin and desmin. No other lesions were found elsewhere in the body. Thus, the tumor was diagnosed as a primary myxoid leiomyoma of the liver.
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Metastasis to the breast from colorectal carcinoma is rare, only a few cases have been reported in the literature, and no cases have been reported in a young, 28-year-old patient. This report confirms the occurrence of the disease in a younger age group. The patient was referred to the Breast Clinic with a history of a gradually increasing lump in her right breast for two weeks' duration. On clinical examination, a 2-cm firm lump was noted in the upper inner quadrant of the right breast, which was clinically benign; however, histological examination of the breast core biopsy together with immunohistochemistry confirmed metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma. The primary colorectal carcinoma was later confirmed to be a stage pT4N2M1 tumor, and the Duke stage was C1. Histology with immunohistochemistry is very important in the diagnosis of cases of this nature, but the clinical correlation should be taken into consideration at multidisciplinary team meetings to decide the final management of the patient.
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